Revisión de las bases bibliográficas sobre nematodos entomopatógenos y predadores, en relación a captura, aislamiento y propagación Salache-CEYPSA 2021-2022.

The main objective of this research was to collect timely and accurate information about capture process, isolation and propagation of entomopathogenic nematodes, which allows future research on these efficient biological control agents to become a reality. Systematic reviews method was used to determine the most appropriate procedures both at laboratory and on field. This was done through 200 bibliographic sources downloaded from Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, ResearchGate web pages. Which were analyzed individually to obtain appropriate information to research development. Obtaining as result a group composed by 200 studies which were analyzed with the purpose to collect and use the best protocols of bibliography found. It is hoped that obtained information at this study that will be useful and can contribute to future researches development allowing to promote entomopathogenic nematodes application at university and general communityLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo primordial recopilar información puntual y acertada del proceso de captura, aislamiento y propagación de Nematodos entomopatógenos, lo que permite hacer realidad futuras investigaciones sobre estos agentes eficientes de control biológico. Se utilizó el método de revisiones sistemáticas para determinar los procedimientos más adecuados tanto en laboratorio como en campo. Mediante la recopilación de las 200 fuentes bibliográficas descargadas de las páginas web Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, ResearchGate. Las cuales se analizaron individualmente para la obtención de información apropiada para el desarrollo de la investigación. Obteniendo como resultado un grupo compuesto de 200 estudios los cuales fueron analizados con el propósito de recopilar y utilizar los mejores protocolos de la bibliografía hallada. Se espera que la información obtenida en el presente estudio sea de gran utilidad y pueda contribuir al desarrollo de futuras investigaciones permitiendo fomentar la aplicación de nematodos entomopatógenos en la comunidad universitaria y la comunidad en general

Inhibition of Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Extends the Lifespan in C. elegans Worms

The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) refills the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with Ca2+ up to the millimolar range and is therefore the main controller of the ER [Ca2+] level ([Ca2+]ER), which has a key role in the modulation of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer. Given that both cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics strongly interplay with energy metabolism and nutrient-sensitive pathways, both of them involved in the aging process, we have studied the effect of SERCA inhibitors on lifespan in C. elegans. We have used thapsigargin and 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (2,5-BHQ) as SERCA inhibitors, and the inactive analog 2,6-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (2,6-BHQ) as a control for 2,5-BHQ. Every drug was administered to the worms either directly in the agar or via an inclusion compound with γ-cyclodextrin. The results show that 2,6-BHQ produced a small but significant increase in survival, perhaps because of its antioxidant properties. However, 2,5-BHQ produced in all the conditions a much higher increase in lifespan, and the potent and specific SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin also extended the lifespan. The effects of 2,5-BHQ and thapsigargin had a bell-shaped concentration dependence, with a maximum effect at a certain dose and smaller or even toxic effects at higher concentrations. Our data show therefore that submaximal inhibition of SERCA pumps has a pro-longevity effect, suggesting that Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in the aging process and that it could be a promising novel target pathway to act on aging

The Neuroprotector Benzothiazepine CGP37157 Extends Lifespan in C. elegans Worms

The benzothiazepine CGP37157 has shown neuroprotective effects in several in vitro models of excitotoxicity involving dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Although its mechanism of neuroprotection is unclear, it is probably related with some of its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. CGP37157 is a well-known inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX). However, it is not very specific and also blocks several other Ca2+ channels and transporters, including voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 channel (CALHM1). In the present work, we have studied if CGP37157 could also induce changes in life expectancy. We now report that CGP37157 extends C. elegans lifespan by 10%–15% with a bell-shaped concentration-response, with high concentrations producing no effect. The effect was even larger (25% increase in life expectancy) in worms fed with heat-inactivated bacteria. The worm CGP37157 concentration producing maximum effect was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and was close to the IC50 for inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. CGP37157 also extended the lifespan in eat-2 mutants (a model for caloric restriction), suggesting that caloric restriction is not involved in the mechanism of lifespan extension. Actually, CGP37157 produced no effect in mutants of the TOR pathway (daf15/unc24) or the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway (daf-2), indicating that the effect involves these pathways. Moreover, CGP37157 was also ineffective in nuo-6 mutants, which have a defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Since it has been described that neuroprotection by this compound in cell cultures is abolished by mitochondrial inhibitors, this suggests that life extension in C. elegans and neuroprotection in cell cultures may share a similar mechanism involving mitochondria

Metabolomic-Based Noninvasive Serum Test to Diagnose Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Results From Discovery and Validation Cohorts

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease worldwide and includes a broad spectrum of histologic phenotypes, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While liver biopsy is the reference gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis and staging, it has limitations due to its sampling variability, invasive nature, and high cost. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive biomarkers that are robust, reliable, and cost effective. In this study, we measured 540 lipids and amino acids in serum samples from biopsy-proven subjects with normal liver (NL), NAFL, and NASH. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified two panels of triglycerides that could first discriminate between NAFLD and NL and second between NASH and NAFL. These noninvasive tests were compared to blinded histology as a reference standard. We performed these tests in an original cohort of 467 patients with NAFLD (90 NL, 246 NAFL, and 131 NASH) that was subsequently validated in a separate cohort of 192 patients (7 NL, 109 NAFL, 76 NASH). The diagnostic performances of the validated tests showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.88 +/- 0.05, 0.94, and 0.57, respectively, for the discrimination between NAFLD and NL and 0.79 +/- 0.04, 0.70, and 0.81, respectively, for the discrimination between NASH and NAFL. When the analysis was performed excluding patients with glucose levels >136 mg/dL, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the discrimination between NASH and NAFL increased to 0.81 +/- 0.04 with sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion: The assessed noninvasive lipidomic serum tests distinguish between NAFLD and NL and between NASH and NAFL with high accuracy.Supported by the National Institutes of Health Blueprint for Neuroscience Research (R01AT001576 to S.C.L., J.M.M.), Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (SAF2014-52097R to J.M.M.), CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE14/0003 to J.M.M.), Etorgai 2015-Gobierno Vasco (ER-2015/00015 to R.M., I.M.A., C.A., A.C.), Plan de Promocion de la Innovacion 2015-Diputacion Foral de Bizkaia (6/12/IN/2015/00131 to A.C., C.A.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RO1DK81410 to A.J.S.), and Czech Ministry of Health (RVO VFN64165 to L.V.)

Writing reports in social work: Characteristics, correctness and style

This research analyses the characteristics of a sample of social work reports issued at a social care centre in Spain. The research involved three assumptions: (1) drafting reports is a demanding task; (2) social workers are poorly trained in report writing; and (3) procedures for drafting reports are inadequate. The research involved two phases: (1) social workers (N = 8) were interviewed; (2) the content and writing style of 250 reports were analysed. The results show that the social work reports analysed stand out for their relevance. However, they need to be more systematic, concise and reliable

Pharynx mitochondrial [Ca2+] dynamics in live C. elegans worms during aging

Progressive decline in mitochondrial function is generally considered one of the hallmarks of aging. We have expressed a Ca sensor in the mitochondrial matrix of C. elegans pharynx cells and we have measured for the first time mitochondrial [Ca] ([Ca]) dynamics in the pharynx of live C. elegans worms during aging. Our results show that worms stimulated with serotonin display a pharynx [Ca] oscillatory kinetics that includes both high frequency oscillations (up to about 1Hz) and very prolonged >square-wave> [Ca] increases, indicative of energy depletion of the pharynx cells. Mitochondrial [Ca] is therefore able to follow >beat-to-beat> the fast oscillations of cytosolic [Ca]. The fast [Ca] oscillations kept steady frequency values during the whole worm life, from 2 to 12 days old, but the height and width of the peaks was progressively reduced. [Ca] oscillations were also present with similar kinetics in respiratory chain complex I nuo-6 mutant worms, although with smaller height and frequency than in the controls, and larger width. In summary, Ca fluxes in and out of the mitochondria are relatively well preserved during the C. elegans life, but there is a clear progressive decrease in their magnitude during aging. Moreover, mitochondrial Ca fluxes were smaller in nuo-6 mutants with respect to the controls at every age and decreased similarly during aging.This work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [BFU2014-55731-R].Peer Reviewe

Características de la provisión de cuidados a las personas dependientes

Objective: To know the features of care home provision to dependent people . Method: A descriptive cross- sectional study about caregivers of immobilized patients with severe or total dependence over the year 2.009 at San Pablo Health Center in Seville. The statistical analysis was performed through telephone interviews or personal questionnaires. Results: A total of 152 caregivers were included, whose mean age was 62 years (S:12,8), 71.1% (108) were women. 69% (105) were full-time carers, 72.4% (110) received aid, being this in a 78.2% (86) unpaid family help. 87.5% (132) of carers claimed help from social services: 69.2% (92) chose economy benefits, 25,6% (34) domestic help service and 3,8% (5) Day Care Units. Conclusions: The profile of caregivers is 60 years old, female, uneducated or with primary education. The full-time care is a majority in our environment. We can see the increase incorporation of men to family cares, usually carried out by women. Financial aid is the most requested one by the caregivers, but more than a half do not use this financial aid in the family care.Objetivo: Conocer las características de la prestación de cuidados a las personas dependientes en el entorno domiciliario. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo trasversal en el año 2.009 en personas cuidadoras de pacientes inmovilizados con dependencia severa y total, en el Centro de Salud San Pablo en Sevilla. Tras entrevistas personales o telefónicas mediante cuestionarios, se realizó análisis estadístico. Resultados: Participaron 152 personas cuidadoras de edad media 62 años (S: 12,8), el 71.1% (108) mujeres. El 69% (105) tenían dedicación exclusiva al cuidado; un 72.4% (110) reciben ayuda, siendo ésta en un 78.2% (86) familiar no remunerada. El 87.5% (132) de personas cuidadoras solicitaron prestación: un 69.2% (92) escogieron la económica, un 25.6% (34) el servicio de ayuda a domicilio y 3.8 % (5) Unidad de Día. Conclusiones: El perfil de las personas cuidadoras es de 60 años, femenino, y sin estudios o estudios primarios. La dedicación exclusiva al cuidado es mayoritaria en nuestro entorno. Observamos la incorporación del hombre al cuidado, con ayuda generalmente de una mujer. La prestación más solicitada es la ayuda económica que las personas cuidadoras perciben y que, más de la mitad, no destinan a recibir ayuda en los cuidados, que de forma permanente realizan

Features of nursing care provision for dependent people

Objective: To know the features of care home provision to dependent people . Method: A descriptive cross- sectional study about caregivers of immobilized patients with severe or total dependence over the year 2.009 at San Pablo Health Center in Seville. The statistical analysis was performed through telephone interviews or personal questionnaires. Results: A total of 152 caregivers were included, whose mean age was 62 years (S:12,8), 71.1% (108) were women. 69% (105) were full-time carers, 72.4% (110) received aid, being this in a 78.2% (86) unpaid family help. 87.5% (132) of carers claimed help from social services: 69.2% (92) chose economy benefits, 25,6% (34) domestic help service and 3,8% (5) Day Care Units. Conclusions: The profile of caregivers is 60 years old, female, uneducated or with primary education. The full-time care is a majority in our environment. We can see the increase incorporation of men to family cares, usually carried out by women. Financial aid is the most requested one by the caregivers, but more than a half do not use this financial aid in the family care

Análisis de la correlación entre las características fenotípicas y seminales en toros reproductores Bos indicus

En el contexto ganadero de Casanare, donde el acceso a tecnologías para evaluar la calidad seminal es limitado, anticipar las características seminales de los toros basándose en sus atributos físicos sin recurrir a metodologías específicas y costosas sería beneficioso. Esto podría mejorar la eficiencia reproductiva del hato, aumentando los índices de preñez y la producción anual de crías. En un estudio experimental con 238 toros se midieron diversas características físicas y seminales, y se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para analizar las relaciones entre ellas. Se observó que el 57,1 % de los toros fueron clasificados como muy buenos, mientras que el 7,6 % fueron considerados de baja calidad. La edad promedio de los toros fue de 5,5 años, con una motilidad y vitalidad seminal promedio del 76 % para cada una. La concentración espermática promedio fue de 610 millones. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas fuertes entre la libido, erección, protrusión, eyaculación y el tipo de eyaculación con características seminales como volumen, grumos, motilidad, vitalidad y concentración espermática. Además, la concentración de espermatozoides mostró una correlación moderada positiva con la circunferencia escrotal (CE), lo que indica que un incremento en la CE tiende a aumentar la concentración espermática. Estas correlaciones proporcionan información valiosa para la selección de reproductores y la mejora de programas reproductivos en explotaciones pecuarias en Colombia, especialmente para aquellos productores con limitado acceso a tecnologías reproductivas

Características de la provisión de cuidados a las personas dependientes

Objetivo: Conocer las características de la prestación de cuidados a las personas dependientes en el entorno domiciliario. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo trasversal en el año 2.009 en personas cuidadoras de pacientes inmovilizados con dependencia severa y total, en el Centro de Salud San Pablo en Sevilla. Tras entrevistas personales o telefónicas mediante cuestionarios, se realizó análisis estadístico. Resultados: Participaron 152 personas cuidadoras de edad media 62 años (S: 12,8), el 71.1% (108) mujeres. El 69% (105) tenían dedicación exclusiva al cuidado; un 72.4% (110) reciben ayuda, siendo ésta en un 78.2% (86) familiar no remunerada. El 87.5% (132) de personas cuidadoras solicitaron prestación: un 69.2% (92) escogieron la económica, un 25.6% (34) el servicio de ayuda a domicilio y 3.8 % (5) Unidad de Día. Conclusiones: El perfil de las personas cuidadoras es de 60 años, femenino, y sin estudios o estudios primarios. La dedicación exclusiva al cuidado es mayoritaria en nuestro entorno. Observamos la incorporación del hombre al cuidado, con ayuda generalmente de una mujer. La prestación más solicitada es la ayuda económica que las personas cuidadoras perciben y que, más de la mitad, no destinan a recibir ayuda en los cuidados, que de forma permanente realizan. Abstract: Objective: To know the features of care home provision to dependent people . Method: A descriptive cross- sectional study about caregivers of immobilized patients with severe or total dependence over the year 2.009 at San Pablo Health Center in Seville. The statistical analysis was performed through telephone interviews or personal questionnaires. Results: A total of 152 caregivers were included, whose mean age was 62 years (S:12,8), 71.1% (108) were women. 69% (105) were full-time carers, 72.4% (110) received aid, being this in a 78.2% (86) unpaid family help. 87.5% (132) of carers claimed help from social services: 69.2% (92) chose economy benefits, 25,6% (34) domestic help service and 3,8% (5) Day Care Units. Conclusions: The profile of caregivers is 60 years old, female, uneducated or with primary education. The full-time care is a majority in our environment. We can see the increase incorporation of men to family cares, usually carried out by women. Financial aid is the most requested one by the caregivers, but more than a half do not use this financial aid in the family care. Centro de Trabajo: (1) DUE C.S. San Pablo de Sevilla. Lcda. Antropología Social y Cultural. (2) DUE. Lcda. Antropología Social y Cultural. Doctora por la U. Sevilla. (3) DUE. Lcda. Psicología. C.S. La Campana de Sevilla (4) DUE. Profesora del Dpto de Enfermería U. Sevilla. Fecha del Trabajo: 18/06/2011 Palabra Clave: Cuidadores; Atención Domiciliaria de Salud; Política Social. Key Words: Caregivers; Home Nursing; Public Policy.