PEMBUATAN NaCMC DARI BATANG ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes)

Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) merupakan jenis tumbuhan yang dianggap sebagai gulma karena dapat merusak lingkungan perairan. Eceng gondok umumnya dimanfaatkan sebagai kerajinan dan pupuk organik. Untuk itu perlu upaya pemanfaatan eceng gondok menjadi produk dengan nilai ekonomis yang lebih tinggi, salah satunya yaitu NaCMC [1]. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi optimum pembuatan NaCMC dengan metode alkalisasi. Percobaan dilakukan pada konsentrasi NaOH 10% dan 30%,  waktu 60 menit dan 120 menit, suhu operasi 25oC dan 60oC. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dengan metode experiment factorial  level dua. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh adalah konsentrasi NaOH, kemudian dilakukan optimasi proses dan diperoleh kondisi optimum konsentrasi NaOH 25%, waktu 60 menit, dan suhu operasi 60oC dengan nilai yield sebesar 42,65. Hasil analisa NaCMC pada kondisi optimum diperoleh derajat subtitusi 0,76, kadar NaCl 20,45 %, pH 8,37, viskositas 13 cp. Dari uji karakteristik dapat disimpulkan bahwa NaCMC yang dihasilkan sebagian besar memenuhi syarat Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

Pengolahan Limbah Dapur Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) untuk Aplikasi Pertanian Lahan Pekarangan di Kecamatan Pace dan Ngronggot Kabupaten Nganjuk

Materials for producing organic fertilizers are abundant around the house, cheap, and easy to reach. Various kitchen and household organic wastes can be processed into fertilizer, including vegetable waste, skin and fruit residue, food waste, and agricultural and livestock waste. Although farmers can make their organic fertilizers from various natural ingredients, expert assistance is needed for fertilizer production with more consistent results. Provision of knowledge about the essential elements of plant needs that a variety of natural ingredients can represent can increase the ability to produce quality organic fertilizers. The community service team at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University, took the initiative to introduce the management of kitchen waste into organic fertilizer, its functions, its advantages, its production, and its application on land or planting media to partner communities: farmers and their families in Nganjuk Regency. The partner community welcomed it well. Not only did they directly benefit from this training, but also this community service project contributed to the closer partnership between community members and between communities and higher education institutions for sustainable development.Bahan untuk pembuatan pupuk organik tersedia melimpah di sekitar rumah, murah, dan mudah dijangkau. Beragam limbah organik dapur dan rumah tangga dapat diolah menjadi pupuk termasuk sisa sayuran, kulit dan sisa buah, limbah makanan, dan limbah pertanian serta peternakan. Meski petani dapat membuat sendiri pupuk organik dari beragam bahan alami, pendampingan ahli diperlukan untuk produksi pupuk yang hasilnya lebih konsisten. Pembekalan pengetahuan tentang elemen penting kebutuhan tanaman yang dapat diwakili oleh beragam bahan alami tadi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan produksi pupuk organik berkualitas. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Kadiri berinisiasi untuk melakukan introduksi pengelolaan sampah dapur menjadi pupuk organik, fungsinya, keuntungan penggunaannya, cara pembuatan, dan aplikasinya di lahan atau media tanam kepada masyarakat mitra, petani dan keluarga tani di Kabupaten Nganjuk. Masyarakat mitra menyambutnya dengan baik, tidak hanya mereka memperoleh manfaat langsung dari pelatihan ini, namun juga proyek pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berkontribusi terhadap semakin eratnya kemitraan antar warga masyarakat dan antara warga dan institusi pendidikan tinggi untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan

President Joko Widodo’s Communication Strategy Through #JKWVLOG in Maintaining the Spirit of Nationalism

The spirit of nationalism is currently eroding and decreasing due to the fast and globalized information flow.This information flow is inevitable as the result of information technology and communication existence.In the past, the outreach of information is limited to national level, yet now it rapidly grows beyond state borders and can be read by the whole wide world.This research method is using a qualitative method to identify the communication strategy of President Joko Widodo in upholding nationalism through vlog. Data collection technique used in this research is documentation study, observation study, literature study, online data tracking. President Joko Widodo uses social media, mainly vlog, to maintain the spirit of nationalism, which is reflected on all of his videos that use Indonesian language. The President is proud with the production of Indonesia by setting the example to use the local productions. President also embeded the elements of Indonesian culture and heritage in several of his videos

Self-assessment in the implementation of pharmaceutical care in Indonesian hospitals

Abstract— Background: Pharmaceutical care is regarded as the process of optimizing the outcome of a patient’s drug therapy, thus improving the patient’s quality of life. In 2016, the Indonesian Government launched a new regulation of pharmacy services in hospitals which has integrated the concept of pharmaceutical care. Yet, little is known regarding its implementation. Objective: To assess the implementation of pharmaceutical care in Indonesian hospitals. Methods: A self-assessment questionnaire was administered to pharmacists/pharmacy staff invited in a meeting as representatives of 50 hospitals across East Java-Indonesia. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: (1) hospital characteristics, and (2) implementation of pharmaceutical care–that included four areas: hospital policy, pharmaceutical management, clinical pharmacy, and quality evaluation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. Results: This study involved 50 hospitals; the mean score for pharmaceutical care implementation was 68.84±18.30 (possible range score 1-100). The mean score per area: hospital policy 26.08±4.65 (0-33), pharmaceutical management 18.29±3.66 (0-25), clinical pharmacy 21.50±8.45 (0-37), and quality evaluation 3.57±1.82 (0-5). Clinical pharmacy areas was the least implemented compared to other areas; of those-dispensing sterile products (e.g. parenteral nutrition dispensing, intravenous admixture, and cytotoxic handling) 0.61±0.84 (0-3), medication reconciliation 0.48±0.86 (0-2), and bedside visits 2.48±2.23 (0-6)-were scored the lowest. Conclusion: Indonesian hospitals generally reported an acceptable baseline of pharmaceutical care implementation; however, supports from the national/professional bodies would be required to optimize the implementation, particularly in the areas of clinical pharmacy. Key words: pharmaceutical care, hospital pharmacy services

A Strategy Model for Community-Based Training to Promote Responsible Self-Medication: Lesson Learned from Indonesia

Background. Self-medication has been an essential form of daily self-care among Indonesians. In 2015, the Indonesian Government introduced a national health program (GeMa CerMat) – involving community-based training – to promote responsible self-medication, yet the training implementation has been a challenge. Objective. To develop a strategy model to implement community-based training on self-medication in Indonesia. Methods. A sample of 40 trainers was selected from pharmacist/pharmacy staff involved in prior 2-day training for trainers in Ngawi, East Java - Indonesia. A mixed method approach (questionnaire and focus group discussion) was used to explore factors contributing to the training implementation. A strategy model was developed based on the factors and validated by an expert panel. Results. The strategy model to implement community-based training on self-medication in Indonesia should consider: 1) factors directly related to the training, including participant characteristics, training designs (i.e. local/simple language, interactive discussion, and visual aids), and training arrangements (i.e. quality and quantity of trainers, venue and food, souvenirs, and timing); and 2) indirect factors, including policy/regulation and organisational supports (i.e. acceptance as priority/routine activity, funding, and remuneration system), environmental factors (i.e. community proximity/distance and culture), and communication media. In addition to the training, active tools (‘asking the right questions’) were recommended to enhance community empowerment. Conclusion. The strategy model developed in this study could be used as a basis to design appropriate intervention programs to empower Indonesians to practice responsible self-medication

Realisasi Tindak Kesantunan Komisif Pada Penggunaan Bahasa Promosi Transaksi Penjual Pasar Tradisional Nglangon Sragen

Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan (1) Mendeskripsikan bentuk kesantunan komisif yang digunakan sebagai bahasa promosi transaksi penjual pasar tradisional Nglangon Sragen. (2) Mendeskripsikan skala kesantunan komisif yang digunakan sebagai bahasa promosi transaksi penjual pasar tradisional Nglangon Sragen. (3) Mendeskripsikan teknik dan strategi kesantunan komisif yang digunakan sebagai bahasa promosi transaksi penjual pasar tradisional Nglangon Sragen. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa bahasa promosi transaksi penjual pasar tradisonal. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode padan pragmatis. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) Bentuk TKK yang digunakan oleh penjual pasar tradisional saat melakukan kegiatan transaksi tampak lebih dominan menggunakan TKK menjanjkan yaitu sebanyak 11 data, sedangkan bentuk TKK menawarkan ditemukan 7 data, dan TKK bersumpah 2 data. (2) Skala Kesantunan Komisif yang digunakan sebagai bahasa promosi transaksi penjual pasar tradisional Nglangon Sragen tampak didominasi oleh skala untung rugi yaitu sebanyak 8 data, 6 data skala pilihan, dan 6 data mengandung skala ketaklangsungan. (3) Strategi dan teknik TKK yang digunakan oleh penjual pasar tradisional Nglangon Sragen saat melakukan transaksi tampak lebih dominan menggunakan strategi tidak langsung yaitu sebanyak 11 data, kemudian diikuti dengan teknik tidak literal 6 data, teknik literal 2 data dan strategi langsung 1 dat

The role of pharmacists in community education to promote responsible self-medication in Indonesia: an application of the spiral educational model

Background: Community empowerment is one key strategy to improve the health of Indonesians. In 2015, the Government initiated the ‘Smart Use of Medications Campaign’ to empower Indonesians to practice responsible self-medication. Analysis of a pilot training program established in 2016 identified that improvements were needed in the content and organisation of the module. Objective: To evaluate a revised module (applying a spiral model approach) to guide community training as part of the ‘Smart Use of Medications Campaign’. Setting: The Ngawi District, Indonesia in May 2018. Method: Eight pharmacists (trainers) and 39 community representatives (participants) were involved in the training based on the revised module. The module adopted the spiral approach and consisted of three progressive steps: (1) understanding basic concepts of information on the label/package of one medication product; (2) re-enforcing that concept to understand medication classification (applied using three products); and (3) expanding the concept to understand medication classification (applied using a pack of 40 products). Pre-/post-test scores were used, and Focus Group Discussions were conducted to explore the participants' knowledge gain. Main outcome measure: participants’ and trainers’ views on the spiral process. Result Participants’ mean overall knowledge gain increased from 12.53/15 to 13.44/15 (p = 0.001). Six focus groups of participants and two focus groups of trainers perceived that both trainers and participants found the spiral model better facilitated understanding, as it involved step-by-step learning. They also indicated the importance of the role of pharmacists as suitably qualified trainers as well as the development of appropriate training aids/media and arrangements. Conclusion: Training based on the spiral model has the potential to be implemented in community training to improve self-medication literacy among the Indonesian public. Support from pharmacists as well as the relevant national and professional bodies is essential for successful implementation of the training

Indonesian pharmacists’ and pharmacy students’ attitudes towards collaboration with physicians

Background: Recent implementation of national health coverage and the increasing health burden in Indonesia require health professionals, including pharmacists, to work more collaboratively to improve access and quality of health care. Nevertheless,relatively little is known about Indonesian pharmacists’ attitude towards collaboration. Objective: To assess and compare the attitude of Indonesian pharmacy students and pharmacists towards collaboration with physicians. Methods: A survey of 95 pharmacy students (Universitas Surabaya) and 114 pharmacists (public health facilities in East Java) in Indonesia was conducted using the validated questionnaire, Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration (SATP2C),which was translated in Bahasa Indonesia. The questionnaire contained 16 items which were based on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the responses, (i.e., individual scores, factor scores and total scores). Results: Response rates of 97.9% and 65.8% were reported for students and pharmacists, respectively. The mean total score of SATP2C among Indonesian students and pharmacists were 56.53 versus 56.77, respectively; indicating positive attitudes toward collaboration. Further analysis of each item of SATP2C confirmed the positive attitudes in which mean and median scores of ≥3 were reported for most items in both groups. Significant differences between students and pharmacists were found regarding the following items: (i)‘there are many overlapping areas of responsibility between pharmacists and physicians’ (3.28 versus 2.89, respectively; p<0.001), (ii) ‘pharmacist should clarify a physician’s order’ (3.54 versus 3.71, respectively; p=0.046); and (iii) ‘physicians should consult with pharmacists about adverse reactions or refractory to drug treatment’ (3.60 versus 3.44, respectively; p=0.022). Conclusions: Indonesian pharmacists reported positive attitudes toward collaboration with physicians. Further research is needed to understand other factors contributing in translating those positive attitudes into actual practice, and thus, providing a good foundation for policy makers, researchers and practitioners to support pharmacist-physician collaboration in Indonesia

Sifat Fisika Mekanika dan Ketahanan Papan Partikel Bambu dengan Perekat Asam Sitrat terhadap Serangan Rayap Kayu Kering

Penelitian mengenai penggunaan asam sitrat sebagai agen pengikat alami masih relatif sedikit. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengaruh jumlah asam sitrat dan suhu pengempaan terhadap sifat papan partikel bambu, termasuk ketahanannya terhadap serangan rayap kayu kering. Bahan penelitian adalah partikel bambu petung. Komposisi kimia bahan baku bambu diuji untuk kadar ekstraktif, holoselulosa, lignin, dan alfa selulosa. Faktor pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah asam sitrat (0 - 40%) berdasarkan berat kering udara partikel) dan suhu pengempaan (200 oC dan 220 oC). Sifat fisika dan mekanika papan partikel diuji berdasarkan standar pengujian JIS A 5908. Analisis menggunakan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan gugus ester pada berbagai jumlah asam sitrat dan suhu pengempaan. Pengujian ketahanan terhadap serangan rayap kayu kering juga dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai pengurangan berat dan mortalitas rayap setelah 6 minggu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pengembangan tebal, penyerapan air, modulus elastisitas dan modulus patah. Intensitas gugus C=O yang ditunjukkan pada puncak 1720 cm-1 semakin bertambah besar seiiring dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah asam sitrat, yang menyebabkan kekuatan perekatan dan stabilitas dimensi papan partikel menjadi semakin kuat. Kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini adalah papan partikel dengan penambahan jumlah asam sitrat 20 % pada suhu pengempaan 200 oC dengan kualitas yang dapat memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 tipe 8. Penambahan asam sitrat dapat meningkatkan mortalitas rayap kayu kering secara nyata. Penambahan 20 % asam sitrat pada suhu pengempaan 200 oC menghasilkan nilai pengurangan berat 0,9 % dan mortalitas rayap 57 %.Kata kunci: bambu petung, asam sitrat, suhu pengempaan, jumlah asam sitrat. Mechanical properties and durability against the dry termite attacks of particleboard made from bamboo with citric acid as adhesive AbstractResearch on development of citric acid as natural adhesive are still limited. Therefore this research focused on effects of citric acid content and pressing temperature on properties of particleboard made from bamboo, including its durability to the dry termite attacks. Petung bamboo particles were used as raw materials. Chemical characteristics of petung bamboo were analyzed for its extractive, lignin, holocellulose and alpha cellulose. Factors used in this research were citric acid content (0 - 40 %) based on dry weight particles and pressing temperature (200 oC dan 220 oC). Properties of the particleboard were analyzed based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used for investigating the changes of ester groups at various citric acid content and pressing temperature. The dry termite resistance was then analyzed for its weight loss and mortality after 6 weeks. The results showed that interaction between two factors affected significantly on thickness swelling, water absorption, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture. Intensity of C=O groups became stronger as increasing citric acid content, providing high mechanical properties and high dimensional stability. Optimum condition in this research was achieved at 20 % of citric acid content and 200 oC of pressing temperature, which the board properties met the requirement of JIS A 5908 type 8. Increasing of citric acid content would also increase the dry termite mortality. Addition of 20 % citric acid at 200 oC of pressing temperature produced particleboard with the weight loss was 0.9 % and 57 % of the dry termite mortality.

Strategies to implement community training to promote responsible self-medication in Indonesia: a qualitative study of trainers

Background: A community-based approach has been identified as one key strategy to improve the health of Indonesians. In 2015, the government initiated the ‘Smart Use of Medications Movement’ (GeMa CerMat) to promote responsible self-medication. This study aims to explore pharmacist/pharmacy staff trainers’ views on strategies to implement GeMa CerMat community training. Methods: Four focus group discussions were conducted with 38 pharmacist/pharmacy staff trainers in Ngawi, Indonesia and a thematic analysis was used to obtain the key strategies. Results: The identified key strategies were building community readiness via well-designed training (considering participant characteristics, training methods, and materials and resources); policy, regulation and organizational support; access to training in a cultural context; communication media to promote training and the inclusion of active-learning tools. Conclusions: These identified multilevel strategies require collaboration among national bodies and the involvement of trusted community members (‘change agents’). A new strategy using ‘active learning tools’ was necessary to build critical thinking and understanding of the use of medications in everyday life. Future research should focus on process, impact and outcome evaluation involving GeMa CerMat training implementation and sustainability in Indonesia