La cuestión jesuita en las relaciones diplomáticas hispano- portuguesas (1759-1773)

Tese arquivada ao abrigo da Portaria nº 227/2017 de 25 de Julho-Registo de Grau EstrangeiroLa decisión de acometer este proyecto fue por varias razones. En líneas generales, afrontar una investigación teniendo a Portugal como protagonista suponía un atractivo reto, pues se puede hablar de una cierta desatención por parte de la historiografía española respecto al reino vecino. Por otro lado, las relaciones hispano-portuguesas, comprendidas en el arco cronológico de 1759 y 1773, están condicionadas por dos ejes fundamentales: la cuestión jesuita, tema principal de nuestra tesis, y el problema fronterizo en América del Sur. Cuando en 1767 Carlos III decidió expulsar a los jesuitas de sus dominios, el precedente portugués de expulsión de los jesuitas en 1759 y la subsiguiente política del primer ministro portugués, marqués de Pombal, se convirtió en un punto de referencia obligada para los ministros regalistas de Carlos III en la ofensiva contra la Compañía de Jesús. En este aspecto, tiene un lugar destacado el entramado diplomático desplegado por las cortes católicas ante la Santa Sede para conseguir la extinción pontificia de la orden en 1773. Por otro lado, hay que tener en cuenta la cuestión fronteriza en América como telón de fondo de las relaciones de dos reinos vecinos, tanto en el viejo como el nuevo mundo

Los países mediterráneos ante la dieta mediterránea, ¿Seguimos en el buen camino? El ejemplo de las mujeres de mediana edad del sur de España

Introduction and objectives: the overall intake of a cohort of middle aged women of Granada was studied along with their body composition, anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics to evaluate if this population does really follow a Mediterranean Diet. Methods: 206 women aged 53.3 ± 5.5 years old, were evaluated for their body composition, anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet score and bone mineral density. Results were additionally analyzed across weight status categories. Results: 86% of the sample was overweight or obese and 14% was normal-weight (no woman was underweight). Mean body fat percentage of the sample was 40.3%. Values of bone mineral density showed a t-score average of -1.26 standard deviations. Energy intake decreased as weight status increased (p<0.05), as well as protein intake (p<0.05) but no differences were observed for carbohydrates or fat. Deviations from the Daily Recommended Intakes were observed as well as a moderate adherence (23% of the sample) to the Mediterranean Diet with no significant differences among weight status categories. Conclusions: results indicated a progressive distancing from the Mediterranean dietary pattern and an unbalanced diet no correlated to the weight status group, so whether these dietary habits along with the unbalanced diet reported are prolonged over time the overweight and obese population will increase as well as the risk of developing chronic diseases, and will finally concur with the high prevalence of cardiovascular and osteoporosis risk over this population.Introducción y objetivos: se estudió la ingesta dietética de una cohorte de mujeres de mediana edad de Granada, junto a sus características antropométricas y sociodemográficas, para evaluar si esta población sigue una dieta mediterránea. Métodos: se evaluó la composición corporal, características antropométricas y sociodemográficas, patrones dietéticos y adhesión a la dieta mediterránea de 206 mujeres con una edad media de 53.3 ± 5.5 años. Adicionalmente, estos resultados fueron analizados por categorías de peso corporal. Resultados: el 86% de la muestra presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, mientras el 14% presentó normopeso. La masa grasa corporal media fue de el 40.3%. Los valores de densidad mineral ósea presentaron un t-score medio de -1.26 desviaciones estándar. Se observó que la ingesta dietética, así como el consumo de proteína, disminuyeron a medida que aumentó el peso corporal (p<0.05 en ambos casos); sin embargo, no se observaron estas diferencias en la ingesta de hidratos de carbono ni de grasas. Existieron desviaciones respecto a las ingestas dietéticas de referencia y una moderada adhesión a la dieta mediterránea, sin observarse diferencias significativas entre las distintas categorías de peso corporal. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren un distanciamiento progresivo del patrón de dieta mediterránea y una dieta desequilibrada y no correlacionada con el peso corporal, de manera que si estos hábitos dietéticos se mantienen en el tiempo la población con sobrepeso y obesidad se incrementará y, de la misma manera, el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas asociadas, coincidiendo finalmente con la elevada prevalencia de riesgo cardiovascular y de osteoporosis observada actualmente en esta población.This study was in part financially supported by the Andalusian Junta, within the framework of a large-scaled study in the province of Granada, PI339/2008, “Evaluación y Educación Nutricional de un grupo de mujeres peri y menopáusicas integradas en un estudio de intervención multidisciplinar”

Immunoescape of HIV-1 in Env-EL9 CD8 + T cell response restricted by HLA-B*14:02 in a Non progressor who lost twenty-seven years of HIV-1 control

Background Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNPs) are untreated Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals able to control disease progression for prolonged periods. However, the LTNPs status is temporary, as viral load increases followed by decreases in CD4 + T-cell counts. Control of HIV-1 infection in LTNPs viremic controllers, have been associated with effective immunodominant HIV-1 Gag-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by protective HLA-B alleles. Individuals carrying HLA-B*14:02 control HIV-1 infection is related to an immunodominant Env-CD8 + T-cell response. Limited data are available on the contribution of HLA-B*14:02 CD8 + T -cells in LTNPs. Results In this study, we performed a virological and immunological detailed analysis of an HLA-B*14:02 LNTP individual that lost viral control (LVC) 27 years after HIV-1 diagnosis. We analysed viral evolution and immune escape in HLA-B*14:02 restricted CD8 + T -cell epitopes and identified viral evolution at the Env-EL9 epitope selecting the L592R mutation. By IFN-γ ELISpot and immune phenotype, we characterized HLA- B*14:02 HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses targeting, Gag-DA9 and Env-EL9 epitopes before and after LVC. We observed an immunodominant response against the Env-EL9 epitope and a decreased of the CD8 T + cell response over time with LVC. Loss of Env-EL9 responses was concomitant with selecting K588R + L592R mutations at Env-EL9. Finally, we evaluated the impact of Env-EL9 escape mutations on HIV-1 infectivity and Env protein structure. The K588R + L592R escape variant was directly related to HIV-1 increase replicative capacity and stability of Env at the LVC. Conclusions These findings support the contribution of immunodominant Env-EL9 CD8 + T-cell responses and the imposition of immune escape variants with higher replicative capacity associated with LVC in this LNTP. These data highlight the importance of Env-EL9 specific-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by the HLA-B*14:02 and brings new insights into understanding long-term HIV-1 control mediated by Env mediated CD8 + T-cell responses.Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. PI13/02269Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. PI17/00164Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. PI16/0684Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. PI19/01127Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. RD12/0017/0028Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. RD16/0025/0020Generalitat de Catalunya | Ref. AGAUR-FI_B 00582Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC-2015-18241Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2019-107931GA-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2018/08Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. RD16/0025/004

EN-DALBACEN 2.0 Cohort: real-life study of dalbavancin as sequential/consolidation therapy in patients with infective endocarditis due to Gram-positive cocci

Objectives: Infective endocarditis (IE) has high mortality and morbidity and requires long hospital stays to deliver the antibiotic treatment recommended in clinical practice guidelines. We aimed to analyse the health outcomes of the use of dalbavancin (DBV) in the consolidation treatment of IEs caused by Gram-positive cocci and to perform a pharmacoeconomic study. Materials and methods: This observational, retrospective, Spanish multicentre study in patients with IE who received DBV as part of antibiotic treatment in consolidation phase were followed for at least 12 months. The study was approved by the Provincial Committee of the coordinating centre. Results: The study included 124 subjects, 70.2% male, with a mean age of 67.4 years and median Charlson index of 4 (interquartile range: 2.5-6). Criteria for definite IE were met by 91.1%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (38.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (22.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (19.4%), and Streptococcus Spp. (9.7%) were isolated more frequently, all susceptible to vancomycin. Before DVB administration, 91.2% had undergone surgery; 60.5% had received a second regimen for 24.5 d (16.6-56); and 20.2% had received a third regimen for 14.5 d (12-19.5). DBV was administered to facilitate discharge in 95.2% of cases. At 12 months, the effectiveness was of 95.9%, and there was 0.8% loss to follow-up, 0.8% IE-related death, and 3.2% relapse. Adverse events were recorded in 3.2%. The hospital stay was reduced by 14 d, and there was a mean savings of 5548.57 €/patient vs. conventional treatments. Conclusion: DBV is highly effective, safe, and cost-effective as consolidation therapy in patients with IE by Gram-positive cocci, with few adverse events

Additional file 1 of Immunoescape of HIV-1 in Env-EL9 CD8 + T cell response restricted by HLA-B*14:02 in a Non progressor who lost twenty-seven years of HIV-1 control

Additional file 1. Oligonucleotides used for amplification. Table containing all the oligonucleotides used for the different PCR assays described in the Methods.Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Spanish Government Xunta de Galicia Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España RIS-RETIC ISCIII RETIC Catalan Government and the European Social Fund.Peer reviewe

Un modelo de aprendizaje colaborativo para la Edad Moderna: el recurso a las TICs y su aplicación a un entorno de docencia virtual

Depto. de Dibujo y GrabadoFac. de Bellas ArtesFALSEsubmitte

Daptomycin plus Fosfomycin versus Daptomycin Alone for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus 2 aureus Bacteremia and Endocarditis. A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background We aimed to determine whether daptomycin plus fosfomycin provides higher treatment success than daptomycin alone for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and endocarditis. Methods A randomized (1:1) phase 3 superiority, open-label, and parallel group clinical trial of adult inpatients with MRSA bacteremia was conducted at 18 Spanish hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg/kg of daptomycin intravenously daily plus 2 g of fosfomycin intravenously every 6 hours, or 10 mg/kg of daptomycin intravenously daily. Primary endpoint was treatment success 6 weeks after the end of therapy. Results Of 167 patients randomized, 155 completed the trial and were assessed for the primary endpoint. Treatment success at 6 weeks after the end of therapy was achieved in 40 of 74 patients who received daptomycin plus fosfomycin and in 34 of 81 patients who were given daptomycin alone (54.1% vs 42.0%; relative risk, 1.29 [95% confidence interval, .93-1.8]; P = .135). At 6 weeks, daptomycin plus fosfomycin was associated with lower microbiologic failure (0 vs 9 patients; P = .003) and lower complicated bacteremia (16.2% vs 32.1%; P = .022). Adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in 13 of 74 patients (17.6%) receiving daptomycin plus fosfomycin, and in 4 of 81 patients (4.9%) receiving daptomycin alone (P = .018). Conclusions Daptomycin plus fosfomycin provided 12% higher rate of treatment success than daptomycin alone, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. This antibiotic combination prevented microbiological failure and complicated bacteremia, but it was more often associated with adverse events

Incidence and clearance of anal high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: Estimates and risk factors

Background: To estimate incidence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), and their risk factors, in men who have sex with men (MSM) recently infected by HIV in Spain; 2007-2013. Methods: Multicenter cohort. HR-HPV infection was determined and genotyped with linear array. Two-state Markov models and Poisson regression were used. Results: We analysed 1570 HR-HPV measurements of 612 MSM over 13 608 person-months (p-m) of follow-up. Median (mean) number of measurements was 2 (2.6), median time interval between measurements was 1.1 years (interquartile range: 0.89-1.4). Incidence ranged from 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8-11.8] per 1000 p-m for HPV59 to 15.9 (11.7-21.8) per 1000 p-m for HPV51. HPV16 and HPV18 had slightly above average incidence: 11.9/1000 p-m and 12.8/1000 p-m. HPV16 showed the lowest clearance for both 'prevalent positive' (15.7/1000 p-m; 95% CI 12.0-20.5) and 'incident positive' infections (22.1/1000 p-m; 95% CI 11.8-41.1). More sexual partners increased HR-HPV incidence, although it was not statistically significant. Age had a strong effect on clearance (P-value < 0.001) due to the elevated rate in MSM under age 25; the effect of HIV-RNA viral load was more gradual, with clearance rate decreasing at higher HIV-RNA viral load (P-value 0.008). Conclusion: No large variation in incidence by HR-HPV type was seen. The most common incident types were HPV51, HPV52, HPV31, HPV18 and HPV16. No major variation in clearance by type was observed, with the exception of HPV16 which had the highest persistence and potentially, the strongest oncogenic capacity. Those aged below 25 or with low HIV-RNA- viral load had the highest clearanceThis work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigacio´n Sanitaria [PI06/0372, PS09/2181], Red de Investigacio´n en SIDA (RIS) [RD06/006/0026 and RD12/0017/0018 to C.G.] and CIBERESP [group 54A-CB06/02/1009

Un modelo de aprendizaje colaborativo para la Edad Moderna: el recurso a las TICS y su aplicación a un entorno de docencia virtual II

Depto. de Historia Moderna y ContemporáneaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte