Modelo de infra-estrutura de chaves públicas como organização virtual para processos de avaliação somativa à distância

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de propor um modelo de infra-estrutura de chaves públicas como organização virtual para processos de avaliação somativa à distância mediada por computador que satisfaça os requisitos mínimos de segurança e diminua os custo de utilização desta tecnologia em relação ao processo apresentado com a utilização da infra-estrutura de chaves públicas convencional. Como estratégia inicial, foi modelado um processo de avaliação somativa a distância convencional, representado pela "Linguagem de Modelagem Unificada" - UML, adotando a metodologia de "Processo Unificado da Rational" - RUP. A aplicação desta metodologia iterativa incremental resultou em uma visão múltipla dos processos envolvidos e seu melhor entendimento. Após esta modelagem, agregou-se sistemas computadorizados ao processo para se obter um modelo de avaliação somativa à distancia mediada por computador. A questão da segurança de informações foi solucionada por meio de infra-estrutura de chaves públicas, que demandou a proposição de uma política para uma infra-estrutura de chaves públicas aplicada a avaliação. No intuito de minimizar os custos, oriundos da implementação desta infra-estrutura, propôs-se um modelo de infra-estrutura de chaves públicas como organização virtual aplicada a processos de avaliação somativa à distância, inspirado na disseminação de tecnologias de informação e comunicação nas organizações e do surgimento de novos modelos organizacionais. A solução proposta tende a reduzir os custos de implementação baseando-se no curto período de vida destes processos e na possibilidade de aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis nos parceiros que os implementam. Além disto, esta proposta, mantendo o atendimento a todos os requisitos de segurança garantidos pela utilização de uma infra-estrutura de chaves públicas convencional, amplia a possibilidade de gerenciamento cooperativo entre os parceiros

Cuidado de enfermagem às pessoas/famílias em perioperatório de cirurgia de estomia intestinal

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em EnfermagemTrata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, convergente-assistencial, cujos objetivos foram conhecer o cuidado de enfermagem às pessoas hospitalizadas submetidas à cirurgia de estomia intestinal e construir estratégias para promover o cuidado de enfermagem em um hospital universitário do sul do país, realizada nas Clínicas Cirúrgicas I e II. Para aprofundamento do referencial teórico foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa acerca da pessoa com estomia intestinal e sua rede de apoio. O marco conceitual teve embasamento nos pressupostos filosóficos e nas concepções teóricas de Wanda de Aguiar Horta (1979). A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e agosto de 2011, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 22 profissionais de enfermagem das referidas clínicas. A análise dos dados seguiu os processos de apreensão, síntese, teorização e recontextualização dos dados. Obedecemos aos aspectos éticos de acordo com a Resolução nº 196/96 CNS/MS. Os resultados são apresentados em dois manuscritos: Conhecimento do profissional acerca do cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com estomia intestinal e família, originando três categorias: O conhecimento do profissional de enfermagem frente ao papel da pessoa com estomia intestinal para o autocuidado; O conhecimento do profissional de enfermagem frente ao papel da família; Formação e atuação profissional. Os resultados apontaram que no conhecimento do profissional de enfermagem frente ao papel da pessoa com estomia intestinal para o autocuidado aparecem sentimentos negativos com posterior aceitação sendo o autocuidado facilitado quando a mesma recebe orientações no pré-operatório. Frente ao papel da família foi observado a presença do medo e rejeição inicial e que o ensino do profissional de enfermagem é amplo durante sua formação; Encontros de sensibilização para o cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com estomia intestinal e família. Foram realizados três encontros, com os seguintes temas: O cuidado as pessoas hospitalizadas submetidas à cirurgia de estomia intestinal e suas família; Aspectos psicosocioemocionais e culturais da pessoa com estomia intestinal e da família, Rede de apoio e Preparo dos participantes para o ensino do autocuidado à pessoa com estomia intestinal: Prevenção e cuidado das complicações. Os encontros foram momentos que proporcionaram reflexão por partes dos profissionais acerca da complexidade da situação que a pessoa com estomia intestinal enfrenta. Esta situação exige uma resposta de aprendizado de novas habilidades e adaptações para a sua nova condição da pessoa com estomia intestinal, o que exige do profissional conhecimento para que ele possa orientá-lo e reabilitá-lo para sua reinserção social. A problemática da pessoa com estomia intestinal é complexa e determinante de condições especiais no atendimento a sua saúde. Assim, os profissionais responsáveis pelo atendimento integral a estes pacientes precisam estar capacitados em competência técnica e habilidade humana. Este estudo nos leva a acreditar na relevância dos hospitais universitários como potenciadores para a educação permanente contribuindo para a capacitação dos profissionais de forma a transformar a realidade existente garantindo um atendimento integral, de qualidade que atenda as necessidades da pessoa com estomia intestinal e sua família.This is a qualitative rearch, convergent-care, wich aimed to meer the nursing care to hospitalized patients undergoing surgery for intestinal ostomy and build strategies to promote the nursing care in a university hospital in southern of the country, performed in the Surgical Clinics I and II. To deepen the theorical framework was developed an integrative review about the person with intestinal ostomy and their support network. The conceptual frame was basement in the philosophical assumptions and theoretical concepts of Wand de Aguiar Horta (1979). Data collection occurred between April and August of 2011, through semi-structured interviews conducted with 22 nursing professionals from the referred clinics. Data analysis followed the procedures of apprehension, synthesis, theorizing and recontextualizing of data. We follow with the ethical aspects in accordance with the Resolution nº 196/96 CNS/MS. The results are presented in two manuscripts: Professional's knowledge about nursing care to people with intestinal ostomy and family, originating three categories: The Knowledge of Professional nursing front the role of the person with ostomy for self care; The knowledge of professional nursing front of the role of the family; Education and Professional action. The results showed that the knowledge of the Professional nursing role of the front of the person with intestinal ostomy self care appear to negative feelings later acceptance and self care appear facilitated when the same advice is given preoperatively. Front of the role of the family was observed the presence of fear and initial rejection and the professional education nursing during their formation is broad; Meetings of awareness for nursing care to people with intestinal ostomy and family. We conducted three meetings, with the following themes: Care for people hospitalized submitted for intestinal ostomy surgery and their families; Psyco social emotional and cultural needs of person with intestinal ostomy and family; Network support and preparation of participants for teaching self care to people with intestinal ostomy: Prevention and care of complications. The meetings were moments that provided reflection on the share of professionals about the complexity of the situation that the person with intestinal ostomy faces. This situation requires a response from learning new skills and adaptations to their new condition of the person with intestinal ostomy, which requires professional knowledge so that he can guide and rehabilitate them for their social reintegration. The issue of people with intestinal ostomy is complex and determinant of special conditions on their health care.Therefore, the professionals responsible for integral care to these patients need to be trained in technical and human skills. This study leads us to beliece in the importance of university hospitals as enhancers for the permanent education contributing to the training of professionals in order to transform the existing reality by ensuring a integral care, of quality that fits the needs of people with intestinal ostomy and their families

Electromyographic analysis of riding posture during the bicycling start moment

Professional cyclists often adopt a competition-start standing posture, which has been shown to improve performance. The biomechanical basis of this is unclear, and might be due to a greater mechanical advantage or increased key muscle activity. Previous observations in steady state cycling showed greater activation of the tibialis anterior, erector spinae, and biceps brachii when adopting a standing vs. seated-riding posture. Little is known regarding the effect of riding posture on activation during a standing start. Eleven cyclists performed standing starts in seated and standing-postures using stationary-cycle and on the track. Electromyography of the gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior, erector spinae, and biceps brachii was recorded during first and subsequent pedal strokes. Results showed that the gastrocnemius medialis did not modify activity. The tibialis anterior, erector spinae, and biceps brachii activity was increased during the standing posture compared to seated, only during the first pedal stroke. These increased activation intensities were accompanied by a corresponding 10% increase in bike speed during the first 5 meters following a standing start in the standing posture compared to the seated one. Adopting a standing posture during a standing start improves performance through greater initial acceleration

Anthropometric and physical characteristics allow differentiation of young female volleyball players according to playing position and level of expertise

The aim of our study was to determine the differences in some anthropometric and physical performance variables of young Croatian female volleyball players (aged 13 to 15) in relation to playing position (i.e., independent variable) and performance level within each position (i.e., independent variable). Players were categorized according to playing position (i.e., role) as middle blockers (n=28), opposite hitters (n=41), passer-hitters (n=54), setters (n=30), and liberos (n=28). Within each position, players were divided into a more successful group and a less successful group according to team ranking in the latest regional championship and player quality within the team. Height and body mass, somatotype by the Heath-Carter method, and four tests of lower body power, speed, agility and upper body power (i.e., dependent variables) were assessed. Players in different positions differed significantly in height and all three somatotype components, but no significant differences were found in body mass, body mass index or measured physical performance variables. Players of different performance level differed significantly in both anthropometric and physical performance variables. Generally, middle blockers were taller, more ectomorphic, less mesomorphic and endomorphic, whereas liberos were shorter, less ectomorphic, more mesomorphic and endomorphic than players in other positions. More successful players in all positions had a lower body mass index, were less mesomorphic and endomorphic, and more ectomorphic than less successful players. Furthermore, more successful players showed better lower body power, speed, agility and upper body power. The results of this study can potentially provide coaches with useful indications about the use of somatotype selection and physical performance assessment for talent identification and development

Exploring obesity, physical activity, and digital game addiction levels among adolescents: A study on machine learning-based prediction of digital game addiction

Primary study aim was defining prevalence of obesity, physical activity levels, digital game addiction level in adolescents, to investigate gender differences, relationships between outcomes. Second aim was predicting game addiction based on anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels. Cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants aged 9-14 living in Kirikkale were part of the study. The sample of the study consists of 405 adolescents, 231 girls (57%) and 174 boys (43%). Self-reported data were collected by questionnaire method from a random sample of 405 adolescent participants. To determine the physical activity levels of children, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Digital Game addiction was evaluated with the digital game addiction (DGA) scale. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) status was calculated by measuring the height and body mass of the participants. Data analysis were performed using Python 3.9 software and SPSS 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) package program. According to our findings, it was determined that digital game addiction has a negative relationship with physical activity level. It was determined that physical activity level had a negative relationship with BMI. In addition, increased physical activity level was found to reduce obesity and DGA. Game addiction levels of girl participants were significantly higher than boy participants, and game addiction was higher in those with obesity. With the prediction model obtained, it was determined that age, being girls, BMI and total physical activity (TPA) scores were predictors of game addiction. The results revealed that the increase in age and BMI increased the risk of DGA, and we found that women had a 2.59 times greater risk of DGA compared to men. More importantly, the findings of this study showed that physical activity was an important factor reducing DGA 1.51-fold. Our prediction model Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp(-(-3.384 + Age*0.124 + Gender-boys*(-0.953) + BMI*0.145 + TPA*(-0.410)))). Regular physical activity should be encouraged, digital gaming hours can be limited to maintain ideal weight. Furthermore, adolescents should be encouraged to engage in physical activity to reduce digital game addiction level. As a contribution to the field, the findings of this study presented important results that may help in the prevention of adolescent game addiction

Optimisation d'interconnecteurs métalliques pour la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de la vapeur d'eau à haute température (EVHT)

La technologie de l électrolyse de la vapeur d eau à haute température (EVHT) est unesolution alternative à la production d hydrogène. Le principe est inversé à celui d une pile àcombustible de type SOFC : on utilise la vapeur d eau et de l électricité afin de produire del hydrogène. Une difficulté technique majeure repose sur la mise au point d interconnecteursfonctionnant efficacement sur le long terme. Sur le plan électrique, l interconnecteur doitprésenter une valeur de résistance de contact aux électrodes la plus faible possible, car elleaffecte directement le rendement de conversion électrochimique (eau en hydrogène) et peutpénaliser le procédé. Il ne doit donc pas présenter une cinétique d oxydation élevée ni formerdes oxydes isolants électriquement. Sur le plan chimique, l interconnecteur doit être résistantà l oxydation sous atmosphère riche en oxygène côté anode et riche en vapeur d eau côtécathode. De plus, le problème de la volatilisation des oxydes de chrome, qui peuvent diffuseret empoisonner les électrodes, déterminant ainsi une réduction de l activité électrochimique etdes performances du stack sur des longues durées de fonctionnement, doit être réduit. Latempérature de fonctionnement comprise entre 700 et 900C permet l utilisationd interconnecteurs métalliques, qui présentent l avantage d une mise en oeuvre plus facile etd un coût plus faible par rapport aux interconnecteurs céramiques.Dans cette étude, deux matériaux ont été testés en tant qu interconnecteurs pour lessystèmes EVHT : un acier ferritique chromino-formeur K41X et un alliage Fe-Ni-Co necontenant pas de chrome. Le comportement envers la corrosion à haute température et laconductivité électrique des deux alliages ont été évalués à 800C sous un mélange 95%O2-5%H2O, pour le côté anodique, et 10%H2-90%H2O, pour le côté cathodique. Pour l alliageK41X, l effet de l état initial de la surface des échantillons sur la nature des oxydes formés àhaute température sous mélange H2-H2O a été pris en compte, à travers une comparaison desalliages bruts de laminage avec des surfaces polies miroir. L effet d une pré-oxydation decourte durée à 800C sur le comportement à haute température de l alliage K41X brut deréception sous atmosphère H2-H2O a également été évalué. Mais, le travail le plus original decette étude a consisté à effectuer des essais de marquage à l or et des marquages isotopiquessous mélange H216O-H218O, H2-D2O et D2-H2O. Ces tests ont permis d étudier lesmécanismes responsables de la croissance de la couche de corrosion de l alliage K41X brut deréception et poli miroir à 800C sous atmosphère H2-H2O et d évaluer le rôle de la vapeurd eau et de l hydrogène dans le mécanisme d oxydationThe high temperature water vapour electrolysis offers a promising method for highlyefficient hydrogen production. It works as an inverse solid oxide fuel cell, using water vapourand electricity in order to produce hydrogen. A major technical difficulty related to hightemperature water vapour electrolysis (HTVE) is the development of interconnects workingefficiently on a long period. From the electrical point of view, the interconnect must have alow contact resistance with the electrodes. Indeed, it directly affects the electrochemicalconversion efficiency (water into hydrogen) and it can penalize the process. The interconnectmust present a slow oxidation kinetics and form as less as possible electrical insulatingoxides. From the chemical point of view, the interconnect has to be resistant against oxidationin an oxygen rich atmosphere (anode side) and water vapour rich atmosphere (cathode side).Moreover, the problem of the volatility of chromium oxide species, which might migrate andpoison the electrodes, leading to a decrease in their electrochemical activity and degradationof stack performance, over long-term operation, needs to be reduced. The operatingtemperature between 700C and 900C allows the use of metallic interconnects, which havehigher electrical and thermal conductivities, easier shaping and lower cost, with respect to theceramic materials.In this study, two materials were tested as interconnects for the HTVE systems: a ferriticchromia-forming alloy, the K41X, and a Fe-Ni-Co alloy, which does not contain chromium.High temperature corrosion behaviour and electrical conductivity were tested in both anode(95%O2-5%H2O) and cathode (10%H2-90%H2O) atmospheres at 800C. Moreover, for theK41X alloy, the effect of the initial surface state of the samples on the chemical nature of theoxides formed at 800C in H2-H2O atmosphere was evaluated, by comparing as received andmirror polished surfaces. The effect of a short-term air preoxidation at 800C on the hightemperature behaviour of the K41X as received sample in H2-H2O atmosphere was tested.The most original part of this study consisted in the investigation of the oxidation mechanismsof both as received and mirror polished K41X samples at 800C in H2-H2O atmosphere bymeans of marking experiments using Au and isotopes (H216O-H218O mixture). Moreover,marking tests using H2-D2O and D2-H2O were carried out, in order to further investigate therole of hydrogen and water vapour in the oxidation mechanismDIJON-BU Doc.électronique (212319901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Track running shoes: a case report of the transition from classical spikes to "super spikes" in track running

Research on high-tech running shoes is increasing but few studies are available about the use of high-tech track spike shoes (super spikes), despite their growing popularity among running athletes. The aim of this case study was to investigate kinematics, kinetics, and plantar pressures of an Olympic running athlete using two different types of shoes, to provide an easy and replicable method to assess their influence on running biomechanics. The tested athlete performed six running trials, at the same speed, wearing a pair of normal spikes shoes (NSS) and a super spikes shoe (SSS), in random order. SSS increased contact time, vertical impact, and swing force (Effect Size 3.70, 7.86, and 1.31, respectively), while it reduced foot-strike type and vertical ground reaction force rate (Effect Size 3.62 and 7.21, respectively). Moreover, a significant change was observed in medial and lateral load, with SSS inducing a more symmetrical load distribution between the left and right feet compared to the NSS (SSS left medial load 57.1 +/- 2.1%, left lateral load 42.9 +/- 1.4%, right medial load 55.1 +/- 2.6%, right lateral load 44.9 +/- 2.6%; NSS left medial load 58.4 +/- 2.6%, left lateral load 41.6 +/- 2.1%, right medial load 49.2 +/- 3.7%, right lateral load 50.8 +/- 3.7%). The results of this case study suggest the importance of using individual evaluation methods to assess shoe adaptations in running athletes, which can induce biomechanical modifications and should be considered by coaches to ensure optimal running performance

Curvature radius measurement by optical profiler and determination of the residual stress in thin films

The Stoney formula, based on the measurement of the substrate curvature, is often used for the determination of the thin films' residual stress. In this study, titanium nitride coatings were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates. An optical profiler was used to determine the curvature of the surface before and after coating. Two radii were then obtained, along the principal perpendicular directions of the surface curvature. A simple and efficient method to determine the experimental error on the stress calculation was developed taking into account the film thickness dispersion and the radii dispersion. Using constant deposition parameters, some samples' characteristics were tested: film and substrate thickness, size, shape and crystallographic orientations of the substrates. With the help of the developed error method, we analyzed what can be conclude about the influence of these characteristics on the calculated stress values, obtained from the experimental measurements

MODELO ASSISTENCIAL DA CASA DA SAÚDE: REESTRUTURANDO O CUIDADO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA NA ITÁLIA

A Casa de Saúde pretende assistir à população nos cuidados primários da clínica integrando ações de prevenção e promoção, bem como atendimentos em algumas especialidades e diagnose. Tem referência territorial e pretende interagir com a comunidade. O acolhimento e a educação permanente estão presentes como diretrizes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório sobre esta recente experiência, em que os aspectos analisados foram aparecendo na medida em que os dados foram sendo produzidos. Como fontes de dados foram utilizados documentos do gestor regional (Emilia-Romagna, Itália) e da Casa da Saúde 'Terre e Fiumi' de Copparo, em Ferrara, além das reflexões resultantes de metodologias qualitativas: observação direta do seu funcionamento, registros de diário de campo, narrativas de gestores, coordenadores de serviços e trabalhadores, atividades de educação permanente. A construção de uma rede de Casas da Saúde é importante para romper com um modelo centrado na atenção hospitalar. Os médicos de família, que antes trabalhavam em seus respectivos consultórios e agora passaram a trabalhar na Casa da Saúde, representam uma transição muito importante, mas no momento insuficiente para caracterizar reestruturação produtiva e trabalho em equipes multiprofissionais, ressaltando-se que os médicos não são funcionários públicos, mas trabalham sob contrato liberal. Também a organização dos serviços parece ainda favorecer um modelo de produção do trabalho em saúde fragmentado. Conclui-se que são necessários investimentos, sobretudo em educação permanente, para promover a reorganização dos processos de trabalho, com o objetivo de proceder a uma reestruturação produtiva, o que pode configurar de fato a mudança do modelo assistencial em um modelo de atenção primária em saúde. This paper presents the preliminary findings of an ongoing research concerning a recently introduced innovation in the Italian National Health System, named "Casa della Salute" or CdS (literally, "the house of health"). The research focuses on the experience of the Emilia-Romagna Region (RER). The CdS aims to offer to the population access to the whole health care service, including primary care, health promotion and prevention, as well as outpatient specialist care and diagnostic services. The CdS is responsible for the population of a territory, and is designed to interact with its community. Integrated, person-oriented care strategies as well as continuous education programs – foreseen by the model – are not yet implemented. The data used for the research includes reports from the regional health authorities, reports from the CdS "Terre e Fiumi" ("lands and rivers") in the municipality of Copparo (Ferrara), as well as primary data obtained through qualitative methodologies: direct observation, field notes, narratives collected from key informants (regional health authorities managers and local coordinators of health services) and from permanent education (EP) activities. The results show that the network of services realised through the CdS is a promising step towards moving from the present model of hospital-centred care, and its limits. In order to reach this, the integration of general practitioners into the CdS network will represent a key issue. GPs are traditionally used to work in their offices, while the new model encourages them to move into the CdS. However, this shift seems to be insufficient to promote a real transformation in the model of care. GPs are not public servants and work "outside" of the national health care system. This negatively affects their capacity to work in multidisciplinary teams. In the same way, the current organization tends to maintain a high degree of fragmentation among services. Finally, more investments on the new organizational model are needed, and could be directed particularly towards EP. In our experience, this approach proved to be a powerful tool to foster a reorganization of work processes aimed at transforming the health care system towards a primary health care model. La Casa de la Salud tiene como objetivo ayudar a la población em la clínica de atención primaria de la integración de la prevención y la promoción, así como la atención em algunas especialidades y medios de diagnóstico. Tiene referencia territorial y desea interactuar com la comunidad. El acogimientoy la educaciónpermaniente están presentes como directrices. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria sobre esta reciente experiência. Se realizo el análisis mientras que los datos se producen. Como fuentes de datos se utilizaronlos documentos de la Administración Regional de Salud de Emilia-Romagna em Italia, dela Casa de Salud 'Tierra y Ríos' de Copparo Ferrara, además se utilizaron las reflexiones resultantes de los datos recoletadoscon metodologías cualitativas: observación participante, diario de campo, entrevistas narrativas con gerentes, coordinadores de servicios y trabajadores, actividades de educación continua. La construcción de una red de casas de salud es importante para romper con una atención centrada em loshospitales. Algunos de los médicos defamila que antes trabajaban en sus oficinas ahoracomenzaron a trabajaren la Casa de la Salud, esto es una transición muy importante, pero no es todavía suficiente para caracterizar una reestructuración productiva y la producción de trabajo em equipos multidisciplinarios, porque los médicos siguen siendo trabajadores liberales y no funcionarios publicos. Además laorganización estructural de los servicios favorece todavía un modelo de producción em salud fragmentado. Se concluye que es necessario invertir más energía, sobre todo em el aprendizaje permanente, para promover la reorganización de los procesos de trabajo com el fin de llevar a cabo un proceso de reestructuración, lo que puede realmente cambiar el modelo de atención centrado em los hospitales em un modelo de atención primaria ensalud. Palabras clave: atención primaria de la salud; salud publica; sistemas de salud