Rescatando tejeduría artesanal en Colombia

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo fusionar la tejeduría artesanal a partir de fibras naturales manejadas por comunidades campesinas de: Timbío (Cauca), Charalá (Santander) y La Calera (Cundinamarca) en las colecciones de indumentaria realizadas para el Programa de Diseño de Modas de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. En este proceso se combinaron diferentes tipos de estudios. Inicialmente se aplicó acción participación que permitió interrelacionaraspectos culturales, técnicos y ecológicos para cada una de las actividades artesanales. Posteriormente, el estudio descriptivo, se realizó un análisis que comprendió la descripción, registro e interpretación de la realidad de tres comunidades artesanales denominadas “estudio de caso”. Y finalmente, se utilizó el estudio exploratorio y observacional mediante la aplicación de instrumentos. Como resultado del proceso se elaboraron cuatro vestidos de novia con diferentes tipos de tejeduría artesanal. Dos con una mezcla de lana, seda. Uno en lana virgen y otro en algodón orgánico. Se concluyó que los saberes salvaguardados por las tres comunidades tenían como núcleo el trabajo artesanal, relacionado con los mecanismos que utilizan para la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, el reconocimiento del saber ajeno y la educación.AbstractThis research merged traditional, handmade and non-industrial weaving from natural fibers used by three peasant communities: Timbío (Cauca), Charalá (Santander) and La Calera (Cundinamarca); with high fashion collections developed by design students from Fundatión Universitaria del Área Andina. In this process were combined different kinds of research: first, it started with an action/participation study, in which we established the relationship between cultural, technical and ecological aspects for each and every one of the crafts. Then, it was taken by a descriptive study, which was based on an analysis that includes the description, registration and interpretation of the reality of these three communities. Finally, it was handled an exploratory and an observational study by using the application of participatory action method. Four wedding dresses were made with different types of weaving craft: two of them featured a mixture between wool, silk, stones, among others, and were inspired by Nordic goddesses. The other two were made in virgin wool (only) and organic cotton. Concluding that the different knowledge safeguarded by the three communities had the same core in weaving craft, and is related to the mechanisms used for teaching, learning, recognition of foreign knowledge and education.Keywords: Weaving, culture, identity, popular educatio

Rescatando tejeduría artesanal en Colombia

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo fusionar la tejeduría artesanal a partir de fibras naturales manejadas por comunidades campesinas de: Timbío (Cauca), Charalá (Santander) y La Calera (Cundinamarca) en las colecciones de indumentaria realizadas para el Programa de Diseño de Modas de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. En este proceso se combinaron diferentes tipos de estudios. Inicialmente se aplicó acción participación que permitió interrelacionaraspectos culturales, técnicos y ecológicos para cada una de las actividades artesanales. Posteriormente, el estudio descriptivo, se realizó un análisis que comprendió la descripción, registro e interpretación de la realidad de tres comunidades artesanales denominadas “estudio de caso”. Y finalmente, se utilizó el estudio exploratorio y observacional mediante la aplicación de instrumentos. Como resultado del proceso se elaboraron cuatro vestidos de novia con diferentes tipos de tejeduría artesanal. Dos con una mezcla de lana, seda. Uno en lana virgen y otro en algodón orgánico. Se concluyó que los saberes salvaguardados por las tres comunidades tenían como núcleo el trabajo artesanal, relacionado con los mecanismos que utilizan para la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, el reconocimiento del saber ajeno y la educación.AbstractThis research merged traditional, handmade and non-industrial weaving from natural fibers used by three peasant communities: Timbío (Cauca), Charalá (Santander) and La Calera (Cundinamarca); with high fashion collections developed by design students from Fundatión Universitaria del Área Andina. In this process were combined different kinds of research: first, it started with an action/participation study, in which we established the relationship between cultural, technical and ecological aspects for each and every one of the crafts. Then, it was taken by a descriptive study, which was based on an analysis that includes the description, registration and interpretation of the reality of these three communities. Finally, it was handled an exploratory and an observational study by using the application of participatory action method. Four wedding dresses were made with different types of weaving craft: two of them featured a mixture between wool, silk, stones, among others, and were inspired by Nordic goddesses. The other two were made in virgin wool (only) and organic cotton. Concluding that the different knowledge safeguarded by the three communities had the same core in weaving craft, and is related to the mechanisms used for teaching, learning, recognition of foreign knowledge and education.Keywords: Weaving, culture, identity, popular educatio

Papel del agua en la gelatinización delalmidón de maíz: estudio por calorimetríadiferencial de barrido

The thermal behavior of corn starch (Sigma Aldrich) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The endothermic peak in the DSC thermogram is associated to the starch gelatinization transition process. Initial phase of process and range in which it occurs is governed mainly by starch concentration in the solution, and the botanical source. This study demonstrates that the parameters associated to the observation method, in the DSC analysis, are influential in the determination of the maize starch gelatinization. In this way, the transition peak temperature, gelatinization enthalpy, and range of temperature are parameters that have to be considered when the moisture of sample and heating rate are changed with a homogenous grain size. For the DSC analysis, samples were prepared whit moisture values of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80% (w/w), and heated at r = 2, 5, and 10◦C/min. Similarly, for fixed values of moisture (80%), the values of the heating rate were 2, 5, 7, 10 y 15◦C/min. Results indicate that the amount of water has influence over the enthalpy transition; however the peak temperature Tp remains invariable. The variation also depends of rate which transformation is made. Analysis allowed corroborating, that starch transition depends on extrinsic factors during the process. This knowledege about starch gelatinization is very useful for optimizing industrial process derivate of it.PACS: 64.60.-i, 61.25.hk, 61.25.hp, 83.10.TvEl comportamiento térmico del almidón de maíz (Sigma Aldrich) se estudió através de calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC). El pico endotérmico observadoen el perfil DSC se asocia al proceso de transición de gelatinizacióndel almidón. La fase inicial del proceso y el rango en el que éste ocurre, está gobernada principalmente por la concentración del almidón en solución. Enesta investigación se demuestra que los parámetros relacionados con el métodode observación, en un análisis de DSC influyen al momento de determinar lagelatinización del almidón de maíz. De esta forma, la temperatura del picode transición, la entalpía de gelatinización y el intervalo de temperatura degelatinización son los parámetros en estudio cuando se varía la humedad dela muestra y velocidad de calentamiento con un tamaño de grano homogéneo.Para los análisis, se tomaron valores de humedad de 60, 65, 70, 75 y 80%(p/p), para una velocidad de calentamiento de 2, 5 y 10◦C/min. De igualmodo, para un valor fijo de humedad (80%), se utilizó una velocidad de calentamientode 2, 5, 7, 10 y 15◦C/min. Los resultados indican que la cantidad deagua influye significativamente sobre la entalpía de gelatinización del proceso,pero la temperatura del pico Tp de la endoterma se mantiene constante. Elvalor de la entalpía disminuye a medida que la cantidad de agua aumenta.Las variaciones también son dependientes de la rapidez con que se efectúa latransformación. Los análisis permitieron corroborar, que esta transición en elalmidón es dependiente de factores extrínsecos durante el proceso. Este conocimientosobre la gelatinización del almidón es útil para optimizar procesosindustriales derivados de éste.PACS: 64.60.-i, 61.25.hk, 61.25.hp, 83.10.T

Papel del agua en la gelatinización delalmidón de maíz: estudio por calorimetríadiferencial de barrido

The thermal behavior of corn starch (Sigma Aldrich) was studied through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The endothermic peak observed in the DSC profile is associated with the transition process of starch gelatinization. The initial phase of the process and the range in which it occurs is governed mainly by the concentration of the starch in solution. In this investigation it is demonstrated that the parameters related to the method of observation, in a DSC analysis influence when determining the gelatinization of corn starch. In this way, the temperature of the transition peak, the gelatinization enthalpy and the gelatinization temperature range are the parameters under study when the sample humidity and heating rate are varied with a homogeneous grain size. For the analyzes, values ​​were taken of humidity of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80% (w / w), for a heating rate of 2, 5 and 10 ° C / min. Similarly, for a fixed humidity value (80%), a heating rate of 2, 5, 7, 10 and 15 ° C / min was used. The results indicate that the amount of water significantly influences the enthalpy of gelatinization of the process, but the temperature of the Tp peak of the endotherm remains constant. The value of the enthalpy decreases as the amount of water increases.The variations are also dependent on how quickly the transformation takes place. The analyzes allowed corroborating that this transition in elalmidon is dependent on extrinsic factors during the process. This knowledge about starch gelatinization is useful for optimizing industrial processes derived from it.El comportamiento térmico del almidón de maíz (Sigma Aldrich) se estudió através de calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC). El pico endotérmico observadoen el perfil DSC se asocia al proceso de transición de gelatinizacióndel almidón. La fase inicial del proceso y el rango en el que éste ocurre, está gobernada principalmente por la concentración del almidón en solución. Enesta investigación se demuestra que los parámetros relacionados con el métodode observación, en un análisis de DSC influyen al momento de determinar lagelatinización del almidón de maíz. De esta forma, la temperatura del picode transición, la entalpía de gelatinización y el intervalo de temperatura degelatinización son los parámetros en estudio cuando se varía la humedad dela muestra y velocidad de calentamiento con un tamaño de grano homogéneo.Para los análisis, se tomaron valores de humedad de 60, 65, 70, 75 y 80%(p/p), para una velocidad de calentamiento de 2, 5 y 10◦C/min. De igualmodo, para un valor fijo de humedad (80%), se utilizó una velocidad de calentamientode 2, 5, 7, 10 y 15◦C/min. Los resultados indican que la cantidad deagua influye significativamente sobre la entalpía de gelatinización del proceso,pero la temperatura del pico Tp de la endoterma se mantiene constante. Elvalor de la entalpía disminuye a medida que la cantidad de agua aumenta.Las variaciones también son dependientes de la rapidez con que se efectúa latransformación. Los análisis permitieron corroborar, que esta transición en elalmidón es dependiente de factores extrínsecos durante el proceso. Este conocimientosobre la gelatinización del almidón es útil para optimizar procesosindustriales derivados de éste

Escenario para la transmisión de streaming adaptativo DASH-WebM

Tradicionalmente el videostreaming ha sido soportado por los protocolos RTP y RTSP, de modo que el servidor gestiona una sesión diferente para cada cliente y coordina la entrega de paquetes. Actualmente el estándar de streaming adaptativo DASH ofrece otro enfoque a través de HTTP, de tal forma que el cliente extrae los datos del servidor, sin mantener el estado de la sesión. Así, se tiene como ventajas el pleno uso de la infraestructura de Internet y la adaptación del contenido multimedia al  ancho de banda de la red. A pesar de lo anterior, el proceso de generación y distribución de contenidos multimedia DASH, requiere la ejecución secuencial de tareas de codificación, segmentación,  creación del descriptor MPD y reproducción del contenido DASH. Para el caso de los contenidos multimedia WebM, las anteriores tareas son realizadas separadamente por un conjunto de herramientas libres, por lo que el proceso de generación del contenido DASH no es automático. En este artículo se propone un escenario de transmisión para streaming adaptativo DASH, cuyo principal componente es la herramienta DASHWebMConverter, la cual se encarga de automatizar el proceso de generación de contenidos DASH  WebM. Adicionalmente, se presenta la evaluación del escenario de streaming adaptativo, mediante pruebas de seguimiento de ancho de banda y pruebas de consumo de memoria sobre los principales componentes del escenario

Methylphenidate and Memory and Attention Adaptation Training for persistent cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

The purpose of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions (Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) and Attention Builders Training (ABT)), with and without pharmacological enhancement (ie, with methylphenidate (MPH) or placebo), for treating persistent cognitive problems after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adults with a history of TBI at least 4 months before study enrollment with either objective cognitive deficits or subjective cognitive complaints were randomized to receive MPH or placebo and MAAT or ABT, yielding four treatment combinations: MAAT/MPH (N=17), ABT/MPH (N=19), MAAT/placebo (N=17), and ABT/placebo (N=18). Assessments were conducted pre-treatment (baseline) and after 6 weeks of treatment (post treatment). Outcome measures included scores on neuropsychological measures and subjective rating scales. Statistical analyses used linear regression models to predict post-treatment scores for each outcome variable by treatment type, adjusting for relevant covariates. Statistically significant (PABT/placebo), nonverbal learning (MAAT/MPH>MAAT/placebo and MAAT/MPH>ABT/MPH), and auditory working memory and divided attention (MAAT/MPH>ABT/MPH). These results suggest that combined treatment with metacognitive rehabilitation (MAAT) and pharmacotherapy (MPH) can improve aspects of attention, episodic and working memory, and executive functioning after TBI

Methylphenidate and \u3ci\u3eMemory and Attention Adaptation Training\u3c/i\u3e for persistent cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

The purpose of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions (Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) and Attention Builders Training (ABT)), with and without pharmacologic enhancement (i.e., with methylphenidate (MPH) or placebo), for treating persistent cognitive problems after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adults with a history of TBI at least four months prior to study enrollment with either objective cognitive deficits or subjective cognitive complaints were randomized to receive MPH or placebo and MAAT or ABT, yielding four treatment combinations: MAAT/MPH (N=17), ABT/MPH (N=19), MAAT/placebo (N=17), and ABT/placebo (N=18). Assessments were conducted pre-treatment (baseline) and after six weeks of treatment (post-treatment). Outcome measures included scores on neuropsychological measures and subjective rating scales. Statistical analyses used linear regression models to predict post-treatment scores for each outcome variable by treatment type, adjusting for relevant covariates. Statistically significant (p\u3c0.05) treatment-related improvements in cognitive functioning were found for word list learning (MAAT/placebo\u3eABT/placebo), nonverbal learning (MAAT/MPH\u3eMAAT/placebo and MAAT/MPH\u3eABT/MPH), and auditory working memory and divided attention (MAAT/MPH\u3eABT/MPH). These results suggest that combined treatment with metacognitive rehabilitation (MAAT) and pharmacotherapy (MPH) can improve aspects of attention, episodic and working memory, and executive functioning after TBI

Methylphenidate and \u3ci\u3eMemory and Attention Adaptation Training\u3c/i\u3e for persistent cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

The purpose of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions (Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) and Attention Builders Training (ABT)), with and without pharmacologic enhancement (i.e., with methylphenidate (MPH) or placebo), for treating persistent cognitive problems after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adults with a history of TBI at least four months prior to study enrollment with either objective cognitive deficits or subjective cognitive complaints were randomized to receive MPH or placebo and MAAT or ABT, yielding four treatment combinations: MAAT/MPH (N=17), ABT/MPH (N=19), MAAT/placebo (N=17), and ABT/placebo (N=18). Assessments were conducted pre-treatment (baseline) and after six weeks of treatment (post-treatment). Outcome measures included scores on neuropsychological measures and subjective rating scales. Statistical analyses used linear regression models to predict post-treatment scores for each outcome variable by treatment type, adjusting for relevant covariates. Statistically significant (p\u3c0.05) treatment-related improvements in cognitive functioning were found for word list learning (MAAT/placebo\u3eABT/placebo), nonverbal learning (MAAT/MPH\u3eMAAT/placebo and MAAT/MPH\u3eABT/MPH), and auditory working memory and divided attention (MAAT/MPH\u3eABT/MPH). These results suggest that combined treatment with metacognitive rehabilitation (MAAT) and pharmacotherapy (MPH) can improve aspects of attention, episodic and working memory, and executive functioning after TBI

Interactive Marine Spatial Planning: Siting Tidal Energy Arrays around the Mull of Kintyre

The rapid development of the offshore renewable energy sector has led to an increased requirement for Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and, increasingly, this is carried out in the context of the ‘ecosystem approach’ (EA) to management. We demonstrate a novel method to facilitate implementation of the EA. Using a real-time interactive mapping device (touch-table) and stakeholder workshops we gathered data and facilitated negotiation of spatial trade-offs at a potential site for tidal renewable energy off the Mull of Kintyre (Scotland). Conflicts between the interests of tidal energy developers and commercial and recreational users of the area were identified, and use preferences and concerns of stakeholders were highlighted. Social, cultural and spatial issues associated with conversion of common pool to private resource were also revealed. The method identified important gaps in existing spatial data and helped to fill these through interactive user inputs. The workshops developed a degree of consensus between conflicting users on the best areas for potential development suggesting that this approach should be adopted during MSP