Epigean Insects of Chañaral Island (Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve, Atacama, Chile)

The Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve in Chile is an area of biodiversity conservation in arid island ecosystems. The reserve is located both in the Atacama and Coquimbo regions and is composed of the Choros (29º 15’ S, 71º 32’ W), Damas (29º 13’ S, 71º 31’ W) and Chañaral (29°02’ S, 71°36’ W) islands. Pitfall traps were used to study the taxonomic diversity of epigean insects in Chañaral Island. The study area was divided into 3 vegetationally contrasting ecotopes: E1 represented by a subdesert steppe, E2 represented by a xeric shrubland and E3 represented by a xeric shrub steppe. A total of 730 specimens were captured, belonging to 40 species arranged in 34 genera and 17 families. Four insect orders were recorded, of which the most diverse were Coleoptera, with 29 species, and Hymenoptera, with 7 species. Coleoptera was the most represented group, with 24 genera grouped in 11 families. The richest families were Curculionidae (9 species) and Tenebrionidae (8 species). The highest species richness was recorded in E1 (28 species), followed by E2 (21 species) and E3 (19 species). The number of exclusive species varied between habitats, with E1 showing the highest number (14), and E2 and E3 being represented by 5 and 3 species, respectively. On the other hand, 10 species were common to all three sampled sites. The differences in vegetation between the sites were clearly reflected in the relative abundance and species richness of epigean insects. We did not record the presence of Gyriosomus granulipennis, an endemic species of Choros Island, which confirms that this species is restricted to a specific area of the reserve. This work is the first biological inventory of epigean insects on Chañaral Island.Fil: Pizarro Araya, Jaime. Universidad de la Serena; ChileFil: Alfaro, Fermin M.. Universidad de la Serena; Chile. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Cortes Contreras, Maximiliano. Universidad de la Serena; ChileFil: Rivera, Cristian. Reserva Nacional Pingüino de Humboldt; ChileFil: Vargas Talciani, Paola. Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas; ChileFil: Ojanguren Affilastro, Andres Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Surface-spreading technique of meiotic cells and immunodetection of synaptonemal complex proteins in teleostean fishes

Background: Different moderrn methodologies are presently available to analyze meiotic chromosomes. These methods permit investigation of the behavior of chromosomes in the normal complement and of sex and B chromosomes, two special types of chromosomes that are associated with the A complement and are present in many organisms, including fishes. However, meiotic studies are still scarce in fishes, considering the wide number of species in this group.. Here, we describe a new protocol for the visualization of the synaptonemal complex in spermatocytes and oocytes of fishes and to the sequential use of the technique with other procedures and techniques such as immunodetection of the synaptonemal complex protein with a specific antibody and co-detection of DNA sequences by FISH.Results: The meiotic surface-spreading protocol used in the present proposal worked well in representative species of four fish orders and was useful in obtaining good results even in small specimens. Fish-specific antibodies and commercial products worked similarly well to detect synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins. The sequential application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using specific probes showed clear signals associated with the SC structures identified by immunostaining.Conclusion: Here, we provide a useful and applicable immunofluorescent protocol for the visualization of synaptonemal complex proteins in the meiotic cells of fishes in surface-spreading preparations. Furthermore, this technique allows for the sequential application of other cytogenetic procedures.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Estudio cariológico en el pacul chileno Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. (Krameriaceae)

The karyotype of the plant species Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. was studied by assessing chromosome characters such as morphology, size, and C-banding pattern. The karyotype of K. cistoidea was composed only by metacentric chromosomes in the two populations studied. The haploid set length was 51.9±2.3 µm and the mean chromosome size was 8.68±0.78 µm. Some similarities in chromosome morphology and size can be observed among K. cistoidea and K. triandra, in addition to the chromosome number 2n=12 which is conserved within the genus. K. cistoidea exhibited a symmetric banding pattern with large C-bands in the telomeres of the short and long arms of all chromosomes, except the short arm of pair 1. The relative length of the C-bands was 23.5% of the total haploid set length. These cytological results on K. cistoidea are the first data on quantitative karyotype morphology and C-banding patterns in the genus Krameri

Trends of maxillofacial trauma : an update from the prospective register of a multicenter study in emergency services of Chile

Determine the behavior of the maxillofacial trauma of adults treated in 3 tertiary care centers in the central zone of Chile. Descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, based on the prospective records of maxillofacial trauma cases attended between May 2016 and April 2017 by dental and maxillofacial clinical teams of Adult Emergency Units of hospitals Dr. Sótero del Río (metropolitan region), Carlos Van Buren and Dr. Gustavo Fricke (region V). Age, sex, date of occurrence, type of trauma according to ICD-10, etiology, legal medical prognosis and associated injuries were recorded, stratifying by sex and age. Chi square and unpaired Wilcoxon tests were used to compare by groups. 2.485 cases and 3.285 injuries were investigated. The male: female ratio was 1.7: 1 with age under 30 predominant, followed by older adults. Variability was observed in the yearly, weekly and daily presentation. The highest frequencies were in January and September, weekends and at night. The main etiologies were violence (42.3%), falls (13.1%) and road traffic crashes (12.9%) with differences by age and sex (p<0.05). 31,9% of the injuries occurred in hard tissue, being fractures in nasal bones predominant (S02.2). The profile of the maxillofacial trauma in Chile seems to be mixed by age, affecting young people and the elderly. The male sex predominates; the main cause, which varies by age group, is violence. Their surveillance is possible from hospital emergency records

Delimiting the Origin of a B Chromosome by FISH Mapping, Chromosome Painting and DNA Sequence Analysis in Astyanax paranae (Teleostei, Characiformes)

Supernumerary (B) chromosomes have been shown to contain a wide variety of repetitive sequences. For this reason, fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a useful tool for ascertaining the origin of these genomic elements, especially when combined with painting from microdissected B chromosomes. In order to investigate the origin of B chromosomes in the fish species Astyanax paranae, these two approaches were used along with PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences obtained from the B chromosomes and its comparison with those residing in the A chromosomes. Remarkably, chromosome painting with the one-arm metacentric B chromosome probe showed hybridization signals on entire B chromosome, while FISH mapping revealed the presence of H1 histone and 18S rDNA genes symmetrically placed in both arms of the B chromosome. These results support the hypothesis that the B chromosome of A. paranae is an isochromosome. Additionally, the chromosome pairs Nos. 2 or 23 are considered the possible B chromosome ancestors since both contain syntenic H1 and 18S rRNA sequences. The analysis of DNA sequence fragments of the histone and rRNA genes obtained from the microdissected B chromosomes showed high similarity with those obtained from 0B individuals, which supports the intraspecific origin of B chromosomes in A. paranae. Finally, the population hereby analysed showed a female-biased B chromosome presence suggesting that B chromosomes in this species could influence sex determinism.This research was funded by grants from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) to DMZAS (2011/16825-3) and CO (2010/17009-2), grants from National Council for Research and Development (CNPq) to FF and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Envejecimiento de la población

&bull;Actividades b&aacute;sicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados &bull;Asociaci&oacute;n entre depresi&oacute;n y posesi&oacute;n de mascotas en personas mayores &bull;Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF &bull;Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura &bull;Caracterizaci&oacute;n de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) &bull;Comportamiento de las patolog&iacute;as incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam &bull;Contribuci&oacute;n de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid &bull;Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria &bull;Evaluaci&oacute;n del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco l&oacute;gico &bull;Factores asociados a satisfacci&oacute;n vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile &bull;Pauta instrumental para la identificaci&oacute;n de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda &bull;Perfil farmacol&oacute;gico del paciente geri&aacute;trico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo &bull;Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales &bull;Rehabilitaci&oacute;n mandibular implantoprot&eacute;sica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores &bull;Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Regi&oacute;n de Valpara&iacute;so &bull;Transici&oacute;n epidemiol&oacute;gica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Caracterização citogenética do gênero Eigenmannia (Teleostei:Gymnotiformes) das bacias Amazônicas, do Prata e do rio São Francisco: inferências sobre a diversificação cariotípica e origem e evolução dos cromossomos sexuais

In the present study, six species/cytotypes from de genus Eigenmannia collected at different Brazilian hydrographic basins were analyzed, including E. microstoma, E. limbata and E. virescens, E. aff trilineata, Eigenmannia sp1, and Eigenmannia sp2 using classical (Giemsa conventional staining and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic techniques (fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 18S rDNA, H3/H4 histone genes and U2 snDNA probes). Besides that, it was studied the meiotic behavior and the differentiation level of multiple sex chromosome system in Eigenmannia sp2 by immunodetection for synaptonemal complex proteins (SYCP3), proteins related to chromatin activity (H3K9me) and associated markers with the bivalent level pairing of the meiotic chromosomes (γH2AX). Finally, the cytogenetics results were analyzed in conjunction with the barcode DNA analysis for a better delineation of species/cytotypes studied. The analyzed species/cytotypes showed diploid number variation, with diploid numbers ranging from 28 chromosomes in Eigenmannia sp1 to 38 chromosomes in E. microstoma, E. limbata and E. virescens. In E. aff trilineata, for the first time, showed a ZZ/Z0 sex chromosome system, where males have karyotypes with 32 chromosomes to 31 chromosomes to females. 5S rDNA and U2 snDNA were located on different chromosomes, with variations on the number of clusters in the different species, while the 18S rDNA was conserved in number of sites per genome and variable in location. The meiotic analysis in the sex chromosomes of Eigenmannia sp2 showed a completely synaptic sexual trivalent X1X2Y formation without unsynaptics presence and inactive chromatin regions throughout its structure. These results suggest that this sex chromosomes system would be a recent rearrangement or simply it is a sex-linked character in this population. All the six species/cytotypes of Eigenmannia analyzed were easily ...No presente trabalho, foram analisadas seis espécies/citótipos de peixes do gênero Eigenmannia, sendo E. microstoma, E. limbata, E. virescens, E. aff trilineata, Eigenmannia sp1 e Eigenmannia sp2, de diferentes bacias hidrográficas brasileiras, com o uso de técnicas citogenéticas básicas envolvendo a coloração com Giemsa e bandamento C e também técnicas de citogenética molecular, com a aplicação de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) envolvendo o uso de sondas de DNAr 18S e 5S, DNA histônico H3/H4 e de RNAsn U2. Também foi estudado o comportamento meiótico e o nível de diferenciação do sistema múltiplo de cromossomos sexuais de Eigenmannia sp2 por imunodetecção de proteínas do complexo sinaptonêmico (SYCP3), proteínas relacionadas com a atividade da cromatina (H3K9me) e marcadores do tipo proteína γH2AX envolvida no reparo das quebras do DNA e associadas ao nível de pareamento dos bivalentes nos cromossomos meióticos. Finalmente, os dados da caracterização citogenética foram comparados com análises de DNA barcode para permitir uma melhor delimitação das espécies/citótipos analisados neste estudo. Os representantes analisados deste grupo confirmara a apresentação de expressiva variação no número diplóide, tendo sido observados deste cariótipos compostos por 28 cromossomos em Eigenmannia sp1 até o número diplóide de 38 cromossomos em E. microstoma, E. limbata e E. virescens. Em E. aff trilineata foi descrita pela primeira vez a ocorrência de um polimorfismo cromossômico do tipo ZZ/Z0 associado ao sexo, em que os machos apresentam cariótipos compostos por 32 cromossomos enquanto as fêmeas possuem cariótipos constituídos por 31 cromossomos. Sequências de DNAr 5S e RNAsn U2 foram localizadas em diferentes cromossomos, com variação na quantidade de sítios entre as espécies, enquanto o DNAr 18S apresentou-se conservado em relação ao número de cromossomos portadores, porém variando na..

The spider genus Cyrioctea Simon on Chañaral Island (Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve, Atacama, Chile): description of a new species, and the male of Cyrioctea cruz Platnick (Araneae, Zodariidae)

A faunistic survey on Chañaral Island, Atacama, near the northern Pacific coast of Chile, allowed the discovery and description of a new species of the spider genus Cyrioctea: C. islachanaral sp. nov., based on females collected by pitfall traps. Strikingly, this new species shares morphological characters with some Southern African representatives of this genus rather than with the species of continental South America. The male of the species C. cruz Platnick, previously known from continental Chile (northern Coquimbo), is described for the first time based on specimens collected in the same locality.Fil: Grismado, Cristian José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; ArgentinaFil: Pizarro-Araya, Jaime. Universidad de La Serena; Chil

A new species of the genus Osornolobus Forster & Platnick from the maulino forests of Chile (Araneae, Orsolobidae)

A faunistic survey in the Maule region in central-southern Chile resulted in the discovery and description of a new species of the spider genus Osornolobus: O. violetaparra n. sp., based on males collected using pitfall traps in the province of Talca. This is the northernmost record of the genus in Chile, previously known from Ñuble to Magallanes.Fil: Grismado, Cristian José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Pizarro Araya, Jaime. Universidad de La Serena; Chil