Community inter-changes: creating an inclusive moneyless economy in San Cristobal De Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico

This dissertation examines the theory and praxis of creating a decolonial anarchist moneyless economy in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. El Cambalache (The Swap in English) is a community economies research project that explores what kinds of socio-technical networks arise through the use of consensus decision-making as a method and non-hierarchical relationships as a methodology for generative justice. The project has created its own practices of exchange value called ‘inter-change value’ in which anything that might be exchanged is deemed to be of equivalent value, either because it would normally be discarded or because it constitutes something someone wishes to share. What is exchanged via inter-change may include things one no longer needs or would normally discard (used clothing, cookware, laptops) and/or knowledge (workshops on skills such as herbal medicine or parenting), abilities (consultations with doctors and lawyers) or mutual aid (collective gardening, construction, or candle making) that people would like to share. El Cambalache is a project that focuses on participants as being resource-full though they might not have much access to money. The project strives to embrace non-capitalist economic relationships that support the well-being of the community that participates in it. This dissertation includes a collection of three published manuscripts. These manuscripts are accompanied by a literature review, historical context and the theory of inter-change value which are included in order to situate the published works

Moneyless economics and non-hierarchical exchange values in Chiapas, Mexico

Research on anarchist economy can adopt performative methods. To understand how an anarchist economy creates and transforms social relationships, one has to be created to be studied. In San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, a small economy of moneyless exchanges is developing. El Cambalache (The Swap) is an all women-led project that focuses on creating a non-hierarchical economy out of the reuse, repair and re-circulation of things that people no longer need and the abilities, knowledge and services that people want to share. This article shares El Cambalache’s theory of the value of non-hierarchical exchange, known as inter-change value. The economic practices used by El Cambalache reflect Tzeltal and Tzotzil indigenous women’s local moneyless economic practices while expanding research notions on diverse economies that exist throughout the world.La recherche économique anarchiste peut adopter des méthodes performatives. Pour comprendre comment une économie anarchiste crée et transforme les relations sociales, il faut créer cette économie pour l’étudier. À San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexique, une petite économie d’échanges sans argent se développe. El Cambalache (The Swap en anglais) est un projet entièrement dirigé par des femmes qui se concentre sur la création d’une économie non hiérarchique basée sur la réutilisation, la réparation et la remise en circulation de choses dont les gens n’ont plus besoin et des capacités, des connaissances et des services que les gens veulent partager. Cet article partage la théorie d’El Cambalache de la valeur d’échange non-hiérarchique, connue sous le nom de valeur d’inter-échange. Les pratiques économiques utilisées par El Cambalache reflètent les pratiques économiques locales sans argent des femmes autochtones Tzeltal et Tzotzil, tout en élargissant les notions de recherche sur diverses économies existantes dans le monde

Examining Storylines of Emergent Bilinguals in Algebra Textbooks

"October 2018.""The purpose of our study was to examine the resources and suggested pedagogical strategies provided in high school algebra teacher’s guides. In particular, we wanted to understand how the resources and pedagogy aligned, or not, with those provided in mathematics education research. We chose three high school algebra textbooks from major publication houses (Glencoe, Holt-McDougall, and Pearson, pictured respectively to the left). The decision to focus on algebra was due to its position as a “gatekeeper for [U.S.] citizenship” (Moses & Cobb, 2001, p. 14)."--Page 2.Includes bibliographical reference

The Mo(ve)ment to Prioritize Antiracist Mathematics: Planning for This and Every School Year

Dear Colleague, TODOS: Mathematics for ALL is proud of its almost two decades of advocacy for equity and excellence for all children in mathematics education, specifically Latina/o children. Over the years, TODOS has delivered webinars, podcasts, blogs, conferences, and resources for educators, families, and children to address and provide tools to eliminate the harmful practices too many children and families experience in school and in life. This position statement, The Mo(ve)ment to Prioritize Antiracist Mathematics: Planning for This and Every School Year, and supporting commentaries, including one commentary in Spanish - place the essential actions of the 2016 NCSM - TODOS joint social justice position statement, Mathematics Education Through the Lens of Social Justice: Acknowledgment, Actions, and Accountability, into new contexts as a response to our nation\u27s inequities and injustices made visible by COVID-19 and the tragic murders of George Floyd, Brianna Taylor, and other unarmed Black and Brown citizens. No longer could a focus on curriculum, assessment, and instruction alone be enough for children to survive in today\u27s world. It was time to step up, find strength, move beyond hurt, fear, and usual conversations to take leadership in the fight for antiracism..

Use of a candidate gene array to delineate gene expression patterns in cattle selected for resistance or susceptibility to intestinal nematodes

In the present study, we use microarray technology to investigate the expression patterns of 381 genes with known association to host immune responses. Hybridization targets were derived from previously characterized bovine cDNAs. A total of 576 reporters (473 sequence-validated cDNAs and 77 controls) were spotted onto glass slides in two sets of four replicates. Two color, comparative hybridizations across both mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and small intestine mucosa (SIM) RNA samples were done between animals with previously demonstrated phenotypic differences based on natural exposure to gastro- intestinal (GI) nematodes over a 6-month exposure period. A total of 138 significant hybridization differences were detected by mixed model analysis of variance. A subset of these significant differences was validated by quantitative, real-time RT-PCR to assay transcript levels for 18 genes. These results confirmed that in the SIM, susceptible animals showed significantly higher levels in the genes encoding IGHG1, CD3E, ACTB, IRF1, CCL5 and C3, while in the MLN of resistant animals, higher levels of expression were confirmed for PTPRC, CD1D and ITGA4. Combined, the results indicate that immune responses against GI nematode infections involve multiple response pathways. Higher levels of expression for IgE receptor, integrins, complement, monocyte/macrophage and tissue factors are related to resistance. In contrast, higher levels of expression for immunoglobulin chains and TCRs are related to susceptibility. Identification of these genes provides a framework to better understand the genetic variation underlying parasite resistance

Beyond electoralism: reflections on anarchy, populism and the crisis of electoral politics

This paper is comprised of a series of short, conversational or polemical interventions reflecting on the political ‘moment’ that has emerged in the wake of the rise of right-populist politics, particularly in the Global North. We position the UK’s ‘Brexit’ vote and the election of Donald Trump as US President as emblematic of this shift, which has a longer genesis and a wider scale than these events alone. In particular, we draw on anarchist principles and approaches to consider opportunities for re-energising and re-orienting our academic and activist priorities in the wake of these turbulent times. Following a short introductory section, in which we collectively discuss key questions, challenges and tensions, each contributor individually draws from their own research or perspective to explore the possibilities of a politics beyond electoralism

Innovation and access to technologies for sustainable development: diagnosing weaknesses and identifying interventions in the Transnational Arena

Sustainable development – improving human well-being across present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs – is a central challenge for the 21st century. Technological innovation can play an important role in moving society toward sustainable development. However, poor, marginalized, and future populations often do not fully benefit from innovation due to their lack of market or political power to influence innovation processes. As a result, current innovation systems fail to contribute as much as they might to meeting sustainable development goals. This paper focuses on how actors and institutions operating in the transnational arena can mitigate such shortfalls. To identify the most important transnational functions required to meet sustainable development needs our analysis undertook three main steps. First, we developed a framework to diagnose blockages in the global innovation system for particular technologies. This framework was built on existing theory and new empirical analysis. On the theory side, we drew from the literatures of systems dynamics; technology and sectoral innovation systems, science and technology studies, the economics of innovation, and global governance. On the empirical front, we conducted eighteen detailed case studies of technology innovation in multiple sectors relevant to sustainable development: water, energy, health, food, and manufactured goods. We use the framework to analyze our case studies in the common language of (1) technology stocks, (2) non-linear flows between stocks substantiated by specific mechanisms, and (3) characteristics of actors and socio-technical conditions (STCs) which mediate the flows between stocks . We identify blockages in the innovation system for each of the cases, diagnosing where in the innovation system flows were hindered and which specific sets of STCs and actor characteristics were associated with these blockages. Figure E.1 displays the components of our framework and how they relate

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Enterococcus spp. from two poultry farms and proximate surface and ground water sites in an area of intensive poultry production were tested for resistance to 16 clinical antibiotics. Resistance patterns were compared to assess trends and possible correlations for specific antimicrobials and levels of resistance. Enterococci were detected at all 12 surface water sites and three of 28 ground water sites. Resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin in poultry litter isolates was high (80.3%, 65.3%, 61.1% and 49.6%, respectively). Resistance in the surface water to the same antibiotics was 87.1%, 24.1%, 7.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Overall, 86% of litter isolates, 58% of surface water isolates and 100% of ground water isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Fifty-four different resistance patterns were recognised in isolates obtained from litter and environmental samples and several E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from litter and environment samples shared the same resistance pattern. Multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) indices calculated to assess health risks due to the presence of resistant enterococci suggested an increased presence of antibiotics in surface water, likely from poultry sources as no other wastewater contributions in the area were documented

The Dementia Care Study (D-Care): Recruitment Strategies and Demographic Characteristics of Participants in a Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Dementia Care

INTRODUCTION: Pragmatic research studies that include diverse dyads of persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their family caregivers are rare. METHODS: Community-dwelling dyads were recruited for a pragmatic clinical trial evaluating three approaches to dementia care. Four clinical trial sites used shared and site-specific recruitment strategies to enroll health system patients. RESULTS: Electronic health record (EHR) queries of patients with a diagnosis of dementia and engagement of their clinicians were the main recruitment strategies. A total of 2176 dyads were enrolled, with 80% recruited after the onset of the pandemic. PLWD had a mean age of 80.6 years (SD 8.5), 58.4% were women, and 8.8% were Hispanic/Latino, and 11.9% were Black/African American. Caregivers were mostly children of the PLWD (46.5%) or spouses/partners (45.2%), 75.8% were women, 9.4% were Hispanic/Latino, and 11.6% were Black/African American. DISCUSSION: Health systems can successfully enroll diverse dyads in a pragmatic clinical trial