Tunneling in Fractional Quantum Hall line junctions

We study the tunneling current between two counterpropagating edge modes described by chiral Luttinger liquids when the tunneling takes place along an extended region. We compute this current perturbatively by using a tunnel Hamiltonian. Our results apply to the case of a pair of different two-dimensional electron gases in the fractional quantum Hall regime separated by a barrier, e. g. electron tunneling. We also discuss the case of strong interactions between the edges, leading to nonuniversal exponents even in the case of integer quantum Hall edges. In addition to the expected nonlinearities due to the Luttinger properties of the edges, there are additional interference patterns due to the finite length of the barrier.Comment: 7 pages, RevTex, 12 figs, submitted to Phys Rev

Diversity and Genetic structure of the Spanish collection of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L) landraces

The objectives of this study were to assess diversity and genetic structure of a collection of Spanish durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L) landraces, using SSRs, DArTs and gliadin-markers, and to correlate the distribution of diversity with geographic and climatic features, as well as agro-morphological traits. A high level of diversity was detected in the genotypes analyzed, which were separated into nine populations with a moderate to great genetic divergence among them. The three subspecies taxa, dicoccon, turgidum and durum, present in the collection, largely determined the clustering of the populations. Genotype variation was lower in dicoccon (one major population) and turgidum (two major populations) than in durum (five major populations). Genetic differentiation by the agro-ecological zone of origin was greater in dicoccon and turgidum than in durum. DArT markers revealed two geographic substructures, east-west for dicoccon and northeast-southwest for turgidum. The ssp. durum had a more complex structure, consisting of seven populations with high intra-population variation. DArT markers allowed the detection of subgroups within some populations, with agro-morphological and gliadin differences, and distinct agro-ecological zones of origin. Two different phylogenetic groups were detected; revealing that some durum populations were more related to ssp. turgidum from northern Spain, while others seem to be more related to durum wheats from North Afric

Mejoramiento barrial en Itaca

La propuesta se basa principalmente en dos ejes: la ordenación del territorio de una forma natural, eficiente y ordenada, con una ocupación del espacio y expectativas de mejora progresivas a partir de unos centros de servicios comunes entorno al agua; y el desarrollo y conexión de los centros de producción, tanto los ya existentes en Matola y los previstos en entorno inmediato, como los propuestos en la actuación

Compassionate use of medicinal products: a multicenter study

Resumen de un Estudio Multicentrico a nivel Andaluz, sobre 7 hospitales públicos, relacionado con las solicitudes de Uso Compasivo de Medicamentos. Y seguimiento de su estatus de autorizacioón por AEMPS o EMACompassionate Use (CU) is a way of making available to patients with an unmet medical need a promising medicine wich has not been authorised for their condition. The main objective of this study was to describe the magnitude and profile of the CU in a sample of Andalusian public hospitals. As a secondary objective we wanted to analyze the evolution of these new treatment options under development. Methods: A cross-sectional study including all applications of CU in 2010. Setting: 7 hospitals, 6 different provinces. Variables: center, clinical area, medicinal product, ATC classification, therapeutic indications, and approval by the EMA or AEMPS during the four following years. Results: A total of 194 applications regarding CU of drugs were submitted to the respective Pharmacy Committees. Among them we identified 27 different types of CU. Reina Sofía Hospital (Córdoba) was the most active center, both in number of applications (24%) and variety of them (15 of the 27 types). Drugs such as dalfampridine, decitabine, defibrotide and figitumumab only were requested from this center. In all, the most frequent CU were: bendamustine for lymphoma (12% of applications) and 5-aminolevulinic acid for surgery for malignant glioma (12%), followed by treprostinil (10%), everolimus (8.2%) and idebenone (8%). The ATC L Group (antineoplastic and inmunomodulating) accounted for almost 60% of all CU. Stem cell therapy for advanced chronic lower limb ischaemia, diacetylmorphine for heroin substitution and norcholesterol (radio drug) were also included as CU. After 4 years, 60% of drugs has achieved marketing authorisation. The remaining 40% have not yet managed license or have been rejected by the EMA (eg gentuzumab and idebenone). Conclusion: CU showed a variable profile between the different hospitals. Early access to certain investigational drugs has been supported by the high percentage of marketing authorisations. However, there are uses with some uncertainty.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Consejería de Salud Junta de Andalucía (PI 0479/09)

Discovery of non-climacteric and suppressed climacteric bud sport mutations originating from a climacteric Japanese plum cultivar (Prunus salicina Lindl.).

Japanese plums are classified as climacteric; however, some economically important cultivars selected in California produce very little ethylene and require long ripening both "on" and "off" the tree to reach eating-ripe firmness. To unravel the ripening behavior of different Japanese plum cultivars, ripening was examined in the absence (air) or in the presence of ethylene or propylene (an ethylene analog) following a treatment or not with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor). Detailed physiological studies revealed for the first time three distinct ripening types in plum fruit: climacteric, suppressed-climacteric, and non-climacteric. Responding to exogenous ethylene or propylene, the slow-softening supressed-climacteric cultivars produced detectable amounts of ethylene, in contrast to the novel non-climacteric cultivar that produced no ethylene and softened extremely slowly. Genetic analysis using microsatellite markers produced identical DNA profiles for the climacteric cultivars "Santa Rosa" and "July Santa Rosa," the suppressed-climacteric cultivars "Late Santa Rosa," "Casselman," and "Roysum" and the novel non-climacteric "Sweet Miriam," as expected since historic records present most of these cultivars as bud-sport mutations derived initially from "Santa Rosa." This present study provides a novel fruit system to address the molecular basis of ripening and to develop markers that assist breeders in providing high-quality stone fruit cultivars that can remain "on-tree," increasing fruit flavor, saving harvesting costs, and potentially reducing the need for low-temperature storage during postharvest handling

An integrated approach for increasing breeding efficiency in apple and peach in Europe

Despite the availability of whole genome sequences of apple and peach, there has been a considerable gap between genomics and breeding. To bridge the gap, the European Union funded the FruitBreedomics project (March 2011 to August 2015) involving 28 research institutes and private companies. Three complementary approaches were pursued: (i) tool and software development, (ii) deciphering genetic control of main horticultural traits taking into account allelic diversity and (iii) developing plant materials, tools and methodologies for breeders. Decisive breakthroughs were made including the making available of ready-to-go DNA diagnostic tests for Marker Assisted Breeding, development of new, dense SNP arrays in apple and peach, new phenotypic methods for some complex traits, software for gene/QTL discovery on breeding germplasm via Pedigree Based Analysis (PBA). This resulted in the discovery of highly predictive molecular markers for traits of horticultural interest via PBA and via Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) on several European genebank collections. FruitBreedomics also developed pre-breeding plant materials in which multiple sources of resistance were pyramided and software that can support breeders in their selection activities. Through FruitBreedomics, significant progresses were made in the field of apple and peach breeding, genetics, genomics and bioinformatics of which advantage will be made by breeders, germplasm curators and scientists. A major part of the data collected during the project has been stored in the FruitBreedomics database and has been made available to the public. This review covers the scientific discoveries made in this major endeavour, and perspective in the apple and peach breeding and genomics in Europe and beyond

Development and evaluation of a 9K SNP array for peach by internationally coordinated SNP detection and validation in breeding germplasm

Although a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering the entire genome are needed to enable molecular breeding efforts such as genome wide association studies, fine mapping, genomic selection and marker-assisted selection in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and related Prunus species, only a limited number of genetic markers, including simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have been available to date. To address this need, an international consortium (The International Peach SNP Consortium; IPSC) has pursued a coordinated effort to perform genome-scale SNP discovery in peach using next generation sequencing platforms to develop and characterize a high-throughput Illumina Infinium® SNP genotyping array platform. We performed whole genome re-sequencing of 56 peach breeding accessions using the Illumina and Roche/454 sequencing technologies. Polymorphism detection algorithms identified a total of 1,022,354 SNPs. Validation with the Illumina GoldenGate® assay was performed on a subset of the predicted SNPs, verifying ∼75% of genic (exonic and intronic) SNPs, whereas only about a third of intergenic SNPs were verified. Conservative filtering was applied to arrive at a set of 8,144 SNPs that were included on the IPSC peach SNP array v1, distributed over all eight peach chromosomes with an average spacing of 26.7 kb between SNPs. Use of this platform to screen a total of 709 accessions of peach in two separate evaluation panels identified a total of 6,869 (84.3%) polymorphic SNPs.The almost 7,000 SNPs verified as polymorphic through extensive empirical evaluation represent an excellent source of markers for future studies in genetic relatedness, genetic mapping, and dissecting the genetic architecture of complex agricultural traits. The IPSC peach SNP array v1 is commercially available and we expect that it will be used worldwide for genetic studies in peach and related stone fruit and nut species

Bisfenol A y su relación con el síndrome metabólico

El bisfenol A (BPA) es un compuesto químico utilizado en la producción de policarbonatos y resinas epoxi, y puede ser encontrado en botellas de agua, envases de comida, latas y otros objetos comúnmente usados. La mayor parte de la población tiene niveles observables de BPA en orina, y se cree que es un disruptor endocrino con efectos similares a los estrógenos. Estudios recientes se han centrado en el efecto que el BPA puede tener sobre la obesidad, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la hipertensión, y la dislipidemia, todas ellas enfermedades crónicas que forman parte del síndrome metabólico, un problema a nivel mundial. Estudios transversales han observado una asociación entre el BPA y el síndrome metabólico, pero no hay suficientes estudios prospectivos para determinar causalidad. Los estudios futuros deberían ser longitudinales para poder esclarecer la asociación entre estos dos.Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietétic

Implementación en Matlab de métodos de N GDL para realizar análisis modal experimental de estructuras

Actualmente, la aplicación del análisis modal a estructuras se ha convertido algo esencial en la industria, ya que obtener los modelos analíticos de la estructura de estudio no es una tarea fácil. Este análisis permite conocer los parámetros modales que son las frecuencias naturales, los coeficientes de amortiguación y la forma modal; de esta forma, se podrán diseñar las estructuras para unas condiciones de uso óptimas, evitando problemas como por ejemplo, la resonancia, que puede ser devastadora entre otros muchos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los diversos modelos para N grados de libertad que se han empleado a lo largo de la historia para una posterior elaboración de una interfaz gráfica en código MATLAB, que se puede emplear para el cálculo de las propiedades modales. Además, dicha interfaz gráfica puede ser reutilizable si se desea implementar otro método con tan solo unos pequeños cambios.Nowadays, modal testing has become an essential tool in the industry owing to the fact that the development of a proper mathematical model for the different structures is not an easy task. The aim of this analysis is to achieve the modal parameters, like the natural frequencies, the damping ratios and the modal shapes so it will be possible to design structures in the most suitable conditions, avoiding different problems, for instance the resonance which can have devastating effects. The aim of this project is to describe the different models for multi-degree-of-freedom that has been developed throughout history. Apart from this, it has been developed a graphic interface in MATLAB that implement the modal analysis. Additionally, this program could be reused for different methods just with few adjustments.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de Tecnologías Industriale

Tratamiento de plasma de baja presión sobre poliolefinas

En este Proyecto de Fin de Carrera, mediante un equipo de plasma en vacío, se ha realizado un estudio sobre la efectividad del tratamiento superficial de polímeros; en este caso, los materiales a probar son el polietileno de alta densidad (PEHD) y el polipropileno (PP), aplicado en cámara de plasma. En la evaluación del proceso se han empleado diferentes técnicas de caracterización. Se aplica un envejecimiento a las probetas mediante un tratamiento de plasma a baja presión. En este proyecto, el gas utilizado en estado de plasma es el aire. Para optimizar el resultado del tratamiento, se varía la potencia y los tiempos del tratamiento, realizando así un estudio más objetivo. La intención de este tratamiento es aumentar la energía superficial del polímero en la superficie tratada y así conseguir optimizar su función en posteriores usos. El estudio de la variación en la energía superficial para los polímeros tratados en la cámara de plasma se realizará midiendo el ángulo de contacto de varias gotas en la superficie de los polímeros. Apoyándose en esos ángulos de contacto, se obtiene la energía superficial de los polímeros tratados, que posteriormente reportarán unas conclusiones objetivas del estudio. A lo largo de este proyecto se describen de manera más específica las técnicas, materiales y equipos utilizados para realizar los tratamientos y estudios necesarios. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In this End of Degree Proyect, using a vacuum plasma equipment, a study about the effectiveness of the surface treatment in polymers has been made; in our case, the materials to be tested are the high density polyethylene (PEHD) and the polypropylene (PP), applied in plasma chamber. In the evaluation of the process different characterization techniques have been used. An aging is applied to the specimens by a low pressure plasma treatment. In this study, the gas used in plasma state is the air. To optimize the outcome of the treatment the power and the time are varied in order to get a more exhaustive study. The goal of this treatment is to increase the surface energy of the polymer in the treated surface and thus achieve and optimization of its function in later uses. The study of the variation in the surface energy for the treated polymers in the plasma chamber will be make measuring the contact angle of some drops in the surface of the polymers. Using this contact angles we are able to obtain the surface energy of the polymers, that lately will report an obtective conclusions of the study. Along this proyect, it is described in a more specific way the techniques, materials and equipments used to make the treatments and the necessary studies.Ingeniería Técnica en Mecánic