Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Áreas estratégicas para a conservação de aves limícolas na costa brasileira

The diversity of shorebirds is largely represented by species associated with wetlands and other aquatic habitats, many of which are also migratory and directly dependent on the Coastal Zone. Shorebirds are often concentrated in coastal environments in Brazil, roosting and foraging during the migration cycle, or for the purpose of reproduction, as is the case for certain resident species. Socio-economic development activities in coastal areas present multiple threats to shorebirds, resulting in habitat degradation and contributing to the sharp population declines observed in many species. Different international and national planning efforts have sought to include specific actions for shorebird conservation. The National Action Plan (PAN - Plano de Ação Nacional) for conservation of Migratory Shorebirds in Brazil identified 43 strategic areas for implementing priority actions by the year 2024, marking the final period of the plan's second iteration. The current work proposes that these strategic areas for shorebird conservation be specially considered in Brazil's National Coastal Management Plan and the relevant Integrated Management Plans. We present a history of the PAN and the supporting criteria used in identifying strategic areas for shorebird conservation in Brazil. Generalized descriptions of the principal conservation areas, contextualizing them according to location and main threats, are also presented. We anticipate that this synthesis will facilitate the integration of different environmental planning instruments and public policy measures, bringing greater focus to shorebird conservation in the coastal zone by highlighting the confluence and pertinence among these plans. Finally, we recommend a set of initiatives that would result in gains not only for shorebirds, but also be of benefit to society, both relying on the ecosystem services of a well-managed network of environmentally protected areas.  Las aves playeras incluyen varias especies asociadas a los humedales, muchas de las cuales son migratorias, las cuales son extremadamente dependientes de la Zona Costera. Se concentran en ambientes costeros para descansar y forrajear durante su ciclo migratorio, o para reproducirse en el caso de las especies residentes. El desarrollo de actividades socioeconómicas en la costa ha resultado en amenazas para las aves y la degradación de sus hábitats, lo que ha provocado una fuerte disminución de la población de muchas especies. Diferentes esfuerzos internacionales y nacionales han buscado incluir acciones para su conservación en la planificación territorial. En Brasil, el Plan Nacional para la Conservación (PAN) de las aves playeras migratorias identificó 43 áreas estratégicas de acción prioritaria hasta el año 2024, período de su segundo ciclo de implementación. En este trabajo proponemos que las áreas estratégicas sean especialmente consideradas en el Plan Nacional de Manejo Costero y en los Planes de Manejo Integrado. Describimos la historia del PAN y los criterios que llevaron a la identificación de las áreas. Presentamos las áreas estratégicas, contextualizándolas en cuanto a su ubicación y principales amenazas. Defendemos la combinación de diferentes instrumentos de planificación y políticas públicas que se centren en la conservación de las aves y la zona costera para resaltar las confluencias y la pertinencia de la integración de los diferentes planes. Finalmente, recomendamos un conjunto de iniciativas que pueden resultar en ganancias no solo para las aves playeras sino también para toda la sociedad que disfruta de los servicios ecosistémicos derivados de un territorio bien gestionado desde el punto de vista ambiental.As aves limícolas contemplam diversas espécies associadas às áreas úmidas, muitas das quais migratórias, que são extremamente dependentes da Zona Costeira. Concentram-se nos ambientes costeiros para descanso e forrageio durante o seu ciclo migratório, ou para reprodução no caso das espécies residentes. O desenvolvimento das atividades socioeconômicas no litoral vem resultando em ameaças às aves e na degradação dos seus habitats, levando ao declínio populacional acentuado de muitas espécies. Diferentes esforços internacionais e nacionais vem buscando incluir ações para a sua conservação no planejamento territorial. No Brasil o Plano Nacional para a Conservação (PAN) das Aves Limícolas Migratórias identificou 43 áreas estratégicas para atuação prioritária até o ano de 2024, período do seu segundo ciclo de implementação. Neste trabalho propomos que as áreas estratégicas sejam especialmente consideradas no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro e nos Planos de Gestão Integrada. Descrevemos o histórico do PAN e critérios que levaram à identificação das áreas. Apresentamos as áreas estratégicas, contextualizando-as quanto à sua localização e principais ameaças. Defendemos a reunião de diferentes instrumentos de planejamento e políticas públicas que incidem sobre a conservação das aves e da zona costeira para destacar confluências e a pertinência da integração dos diversos planejamentos. Por fim recomendamos um conjunto de iniciativas que podem resultar em ganhos não somente para as aves limícolas mas também para toda a sociedade que usufrui dos serviços ecossistêmicos decorrentes de um território bem gerido sob o ponto de vista ambiental

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq