Nanogeles de quitosano para la liberación controlada de polioxometalatos con aplicaciones biomédicas

[ES] Durante muchos años, la utilización de polímeros de origen natural se ha visto limitada al uso de materiales de tipo cotidiano como la lana, la seda o el caucho natural. No obstante, los biomateriales, tradicionalmente definidos como materiales de uso clínico, han presenciado un aumento en su grado de sofisticación y estos son el objeto de estudio de muchas líneas de investigación relacionadas con la medicina, biotecnología, genética y farmacia. Este desarrollo de nuevos biomateriales ha impulsado el uso de polímeros biodegradables para aplicaciones biomédicas. En este ámbito, los hidrogeles son de gran relevancia

Long-Term Measurement of Piglet Activity Using Passive Infrared Detectors

Measuring animal activity is useful for monitoring animal welfare in real time. In this regard, passive infrared detectors have been used in recent years to quantify piglet activity because of their robustness and ease of use. This study was conducted on a commercial farm in Northwest Spain during six complete breeding cycles. The hourly average activity of weaned piglets with a body mass of 6–20 kg was recorded and further analyzed by using a multiplicative decomposition of the series followed by a wavelet analysis. Finally, the real series were compared to the theoretical models of activity. Results showed a high level of movement immediately after weaning and a sustained level of activity throughout the cycles. The daily behavior of the piglets followed a clear circadian pattern with several peaks of activity. No differences in behavior were observed between spring–summer cycles and autumn–winter cycles. Single-peak models achieved the best predictive results. In addition, the installed sensors were found to underestimate mild activityThis research was funded by Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional and Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria da Xunta de Galicia, grant number ED431B 2018/12-GPCS

New Fertilizer Strategies Combining Manure and Urea for Improved Rice Growth in Mozambique

The cost of chemical fertilizers is increasing and becoming unaffordable for smallholders in Africa. The present study aimed to assess the impact of combined fertilization strategies using urea and animal manure (beef cattle manure and poultry litter manure) on rice yield and nutrient uptake. For this, a field experiment was carried out on a loam sandy soil in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme. We set seven treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), namely: T0: no fertilizer, T1: 100% urea, T2: 100% beef cattle manure, T3: 100% poultry litter, T4: 50% urea + 50% beef cattle manure, T5: 50% urea + 50% poultry litter and T6: 40% urea + 30% beef cattle manure + 30% poultry litter, replicated four times each. All treatments, except T0, received an amount of nitrogen (N) equivalent to 100 kgN ha1. Results revealed that the highest yield grain (425 g m2), plant height (115 cm), number of tillers (18) and thousand-grain weight (34g) were observed in treatments combining urea with manure (T4, T5 and T6) indicating that N supply in the mixture (urea + manure) is more efficient than in isolated applications of N (T1, T2 and T3). The data obtained in this study suggest that a combination of fertilizers (T6) lead to competitive yields and is thus recommended for best soil management practicesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validation of an AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average model for the prediction of animal zone temperature in a weaned piglet building

An AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average model was validated for the prediction of temperatures in the animal zone of conventional weaned piglet barn. The validation period covered seven cycles and recorded values at 10-min intervals for 292 days. Average weight was 5.75 ± 0.86 kg at the beginning of the production cycle and 18.41 ± 2.12 kg at the end of the cycle. Mean outdoor air temperatures ranged 6.14 to 17.85 °C with deviations in the range 2.49 °C to 5.24 °C, which involved marked differences in the operation of the ventilation system. The Mean Average Percentage Error was below 4%, with a mean error of ≤1 °C. The Root Mean Square Error was in the range 0.77 °C to 1.19 °C, whereas the coefficient of determination ranged between 0.52 and 0.81. Despite the changes in environmental conditions and in animal weight and management, the accuracy of the model remained stable with low dispersion of values. The model showed good accuracy and reliability covering all the seasons under changing meteorological conditions because it considered the operation of the heating and ventilation systems and changes in animal weight. The residuals obtained from the validation of the seven production cycles were Gaussian distributed, which confirmed the validity of the model. The generated model can be used for more effective environmental control systems that are capable of anticipating events and show a better response, which helps improve energy savings and animal welfareThe authors are grateful to the regional government Xunta de Galicia for funding this research through the “Programme of consolidation and structuring of competitive research units” (GPC2014/072)S

Shared HLA Class II in Six Autoimmune Diseases in Latin America: A Meta-Analysis

The prevalence and genetic susceptibility of autoimmune diseases (ADs) may vary depending on latitudinal gradient and ethnicity. The aims of this study were to identify common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles that contribute to susceptibility to six ADs in Latin Americans through a meta-analysis and to review additional clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics of those ADs sharing HLA alleles. DRB1∗03:01 (OR: 4.04; 95%CI: 1.41–11.53) was found to be a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). DRB1 ¨ ∗04:05 (OR: 4.64; 95%CI: 2.14–10.05) influences autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and T1D; DRB1∗04:01 (OR: 3.86; 95%CI: 2.32–6.42) is a susceptibility factor for RA and T1D. Opposite associations were found between multiple sclerosis (MS) and T1D. DQB1∗06:02 and DRB1∗15 alleles were risk factors for MS but protective factors for T1D. Likewise, DQB1∗06:03 allele was a risk factor for AIH but a protective one for T1D. Several common autoantibodies and clinical associations as well as additional shared genes have been reported in these ADs, which are reviewed herein. These results indicate that in Latin Americans ADs share major loci and immune characteristics

Variedades locales de maíz de Cantabria

136 Pags., con Figs., Tabls., Fots., Fichas.En las últimas décadas está desapareciendo gran parte de la biodiversidad agrícola mundial generada a lo largo de la historia de la agricultura. Esta pérdida de recursos fitogenéticos está relacionada principalmente con la sustitución masiva de multitud de variedades tradicionales por variedades comerciales genéticamente uniformes y con la progresiva unificación de hábitos culturales y alimenticios de la población mundial. Este proceso conocido como erosión genética, merma peligrosamente el patrimonio disponible para la selección natural y para la selección dirigida por parte de agricultores y técnicos. A su vez, esta tendencia genera un aumento de la vulnerabilidad de los cultivos agrícolas actuales, a los cambios ambientales y a la aparición de nuevas plagas y enfermedades.En este contexto, la conservación de los recursos fitogenéticos locales está permitiendo la recuperación del cultivo de especies o variedades tradicionales que vuelven a ser valoradas en la actualidad (por ejemplo en sistemas de agricultura ecológica) o que podrían serlo en el futuro ante un cambio ideológico en las prioridades productivas. Así mismo, esta conservación puede favorecer la seguridad alimentaria frente a la aparición de nuevas plagas o enfermedades o frente a cambios en las condiciones ambientales, a la vez que aumenta la disponibilidad de los recursos necesarios en el futuro para la mejora genética de los cultivos. No hay que olvidar que estos recursos fitogenéticos locales forman parte de nuestro patrimonio sociocultural y pueden ser importantes para el desarrollo sostenible de las generaciones venideras.En Cantabria, las condiciones climáticas y orográficas han permitido la existencia de un importante patrimonio relacionado con los recursos fitogenéticos, tanto dentro de las especies silvestres como de las variedades agrícolas tradicionales. Aunque una buena parte de esta diversidad ya se ha perdido, los inventarios nacionales del Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos (CRF-INIA), accesibles vía Internet (http://wwwx.inia.es/webcrf/), conservan registradas 812 entradas prospectadas en Cantabria. Buena parte de ellas, en concreto 379 entradas, pertenecen al género Zea, es decir, el maíz, lo que nos da una idea de la implantación y diversidad del cultivo en la región en el pasado. Parte de estas entradas, en concreto 72, prospectadas en distintas localidades de Cantabria en las décadas de los sesenta, setenta y ochenta del siglo pasado, y cultivadas en el Centro de Investigación y Formación Agrarias (CIFA) de Muriedas en el año 2010, son las que se presentan en esta publicación, acompañadas de una descripción morfológica y fotografías actuales, como muestra del patrimonio genético agrícola de nuestra región, con el objetivo final de ampliar su conocimiento y puesta en valor.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto regional del Gobierno de Cantabria “Caracterización de variedades locales de maiz de Cantabria” y del proyecto RF2010-00004-C04-01, financiado por el INIA, Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnología Agroalimentarias.Peer reviewe

Controversias constitucionales

La lucha por el control de las fuentes del derecho es una de las preocupaciones centrales de la teoría jurídica contemporánea. Esta lucha ha dividido a los juristas en dos grandes escuelas. Por una parte, están aquellos doctrinantes que consideran al imperio de la ley como el valor fundamental de un ordenamiento jurídico. La seguridad jurídica, la paz social y legalidad de las decisiones judiciales serían ideales mucho más importantes para que la supremacía constitucional o la homogeneidad de la jurisprudencia. Por otra parte, están aquellos juristas que consideran a la jurisprudencia, la costumbre y la doctrina constitucional como valores fundamentales de un ordenamiento jurídico legítimo.En Colombia, los fallos de la Corte Constitucional han suscitado una de las controversias más interesantes en la ya clásica discusión sobre las fuentes de derecho. En especial, el fenómeno conocido como constitucionalización del derecho ha traído consigo numerosas modificaciones, principalmente, en en el campo del derecho civil y comercial (muchas de ellas sumamente polémicas). Sin duda, este libro constituye uno de los más serios intentos por analizar críticamente los efectos de la intervención de la Corte Constitucional en el derecho colombiano

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia