El mundo vegano: un nuevo estilo de vida, una nueva ética

Este trabajo surge por una inquietud personal hacia el estilo de vida vegano y la posibilidad de profundizar en este tema a través del trabajo de grado, desarrollado por medio de una revisión documental, con miras a descubrir aspectos motivacionales y éticos que permiten comprender un poco más sus orígenes, prácticas, ética y demás aspectos que lo define

La orgía: un acercamiento conceptual desde la teoría psicoanalítica

En una reunión que congrega a la clase prestante de una sociedad, y tras la intervención de un mago, se produce una orgía de la cual sólo una persona mantendrá intacto el recuerdo. Todo lo sucedido en el evento y después de él, es lo que narra el cuento “La Orgía” de Germán Espinosa, que fue el pretexto para analizar algunos conceptos del psicoanálisis freudiano relativos al inconsciente, la pulsión, la represión, la censura y la psicología de las masas. Este escrito, producto de la lectura y escritura colaborativa a lo largo de un semestre académico, da cuenta de lo elaborado en el marco de un grupo de estudio en psicoanálisis en el que participan egresados y estudiantes de psicología de todos los niveles de formación

Long-Term Habitat Degradation Drives Neotropical Macrophyte Species Loss While Assisting the Spread of Invasive Plant Species

The spread of invasive macrophyte species is a pressing threat to neotropical shallow lakes. Yet there are few studies addressing the full extent of biotic and abiotic changes that may occur in response to invasive species. Less is known of how other human-induced stressors such as eutrophication and lake draining may interact over time with invasive macrophytes to influence biodiversity. We combined limnological observations with paleoecological data from Fúquene Lake, Colombia, a eutrophic neotropical shallow lake, to provide information on the current and long-term (decades-centuries) dynamics of the spread of two well-established invasive plants Eichhornia crassipes and Egeria densa. We found a unique in macrophyte species composition in areas currently dominated by Egeria and Eichhornia. Eichhornia-dominated areas had 14 macrophyte species, turbid (secchi=19 ± 6 cm) and poorly oxygenated (3.94 ± 2.61 ppm) waters whereas Egeria-rich areas supported 5 species and had clearer (secchi=51 ± 12 cm) and better-oxygenated (6.06 ± 2.4 ppm) waters. Historical macrophyte community shifts were linked to eutrophication and lake level variation and characterized by the loss of charophytes and bryophytes before 1500 CE and subsequent reductions in Nymphaea sp., Potamogeton illinoensis and Najas guadalupensis in the early 1900s (lake draining). Eichhornia crassipes (since 1500 CE) and E. densa (early 1900s) occurred well before proposed dates of introduction (1950s and 1990 respectively). Both species have rapidly expanded since the 1990s along with Azolla filiculoides in response to an inflow water diversion scheme and heavy nutrient loads. Our results suggest that the spread of Eichhornia and Egeria was not responsible for native macrophyte species loss, but that their current dominance is exerting synergistic and antagonistic secondary effects on plant assemblages through habitat modification, competitive exclusion and promotion of habitat heterogeneity across the lake. It could therefore be misleading to suggest that invasive plants causes macrophyte species loss in degraded lakes. We suggest that aggressive species like Eichhornia, Azolla, and Egeria require hydrologically stable and eutrophic environments to spread; thus, management actions should focus on controlling these two factors. Our study demonstrates the need to use a long-term approach to fully-understand the effects of invasive macrophytes

Tomo 3. Imaginarios y nuevas perspectivas de la práctica pedagógica

27 cm.El presente libro es el tercer tomo de la serie que desarrolla un planteamiento frente a la práctica pedagógica de la investigación educativa interdisciplinar, los imaginarios y perspectivas que impactarán cada proceso (provisional)

Aportes reflexivos a la práctica pedagógica

27 cm.El presente libro es el primer tomo de la serie que desarrolla un planteamiento reflexivo frente a la práctica pedagógica de la investigación educativa interdisciplinar (provisional)

LC-MS Fingerprinting Development for Standardized Precipitate from <i>Agastache mexicana</i>, Which Induces Antihypertensive Effect through NO Production and Calcium Channel Blockade

The aim of this work was to evaluate the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of a standardized precipitate of the hydroalcoholic extract from Agastache mexicana (PPAm), comprising ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, acacetin, luteolin and tilianin, among others. In the ex vivo experiments, preincubation with L-NAME (nonspecific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases) reduced the relaxation induced by PPAm; nevertheless, preincubation with indomethacin (nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenases) did not generate any change in the vasorelaxation, and an opposed effect was observed to the contraction generated by CaCl2 addition. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of PPAm induced a significant acute decrease in diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, without changes in heart rate. Additionally, PPAm showed a sustained antihypertensive subacute effect on both DBP and SBP for 10 days compared to the control group. On the other hand, human umbilical vein cells treated with 10 µg/mL of PPAm showed a significant reduction (p Am induces a significant antihypertensive effect in acute- and subacute-period treatments, due to its direct vasorelaxant action on rat aortic rings through NO production and Ca2+ channel blockade

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths in school-aged children, Colombia, 2012-2013.

BackgroundThis study aims to establish the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) intestinal infections, nutritional status, and anemia in school children aged 7 to 10 years old in the biogeographic provinces of Colombia in 2012-2013. STH prevalence in the country has not been described within the last 30 years and it is needed in order to establish policies its control in the country.MethodologyNational Survey of STH in school-aged children with a multistage stratified probability sampling was conducted. The overall prevalence and intensity of STH infection, as well as for each parasite, (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworms) were calculated for the country and for each of the nine biogeographic provinces.Principal findingsStool samples were collected from 6045 children in eight out of nine biogeographic provinces. The combined prevalence of STH in the country was 29.6%. T. trichiura was the most prevalent helminth (18.4%), followed by A. lumbricoides (11.3%), and hookworms (6.4%). For A. lumbricoides and hookworms, the highest prevalence values were found in the Amazonía province (58.0% and 35.7%, respectively). Regarding STH intensity, most cases showed moderate intensity (41.3%) for A. lumbricoides, and light intensity, for T. trichiura and hookworms. The national prevalence of anemia in school-aged children was 14.2%, lowest in the Nor-Andina province (3.5%), and highest in the Territorios Insulares oceánicos del Caribe province (45.1%).SignificanceColombia has a moderate risk of STH infection in school-aged populations, with considerable variation in the prevalence values among the biogeographic provinces. Like any public health issue, this problem should be handled with a comprehensive approach that involves deworming programs and strategies for STH control according to the specific epidemiological and socioeconomic conditions and sanitation service coverage in each biogeographic province. The program should be further supported by intersectoral action to improve living conditions, particularly the excreta disposal, promoted at municipality levels

Prevalence of high blood pressure in the employees of the insurance Company Suramericana. Camino Real Branch-Medellín, 1996

ABSTRACT: High blood pressure as well as cardio-vascular, renal, and brain-vascular diseases related to it are within the ten first causes of morbi-mortality in Medellín City-Colombia. The study aims at identifying high blood pressure individuals in the Insurance Company Suramericana with headquarters in Medellín-Colombia, in order to prevent complications and to give education to modify risk factors. A survey was applied to 193 employees. This survey included modifying and non-modifying risk factors mostly related to the génesis of high blood pressure. Findings show that the prevalence of high blood pressure in the simple was 13,02%. No significant relation between the smoking tobacco habit and the intake of alcohol with high blood pressure was found. Likewise, it was found that 56% of individuals with high blood pressure showed family history with the same problem, and that 44% of the individuals did not practice any sports. Finally, some recommendations are given in order to reduce the increase of the prevalence of high blood pressure in this company.RESUMEN: La hipertensión arterial –HTA– así como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, renales y cerebrovasculares relacionadas con ésta se encuentran entre las diez primeras causas de morbimortalidad en la ciudad de Medellín. La investigación busca identificar a los individuos hipertensos en la empresa Suramericana de Seguros, –con sede en Medellín, Colombia–, con el fin de prevenir las complicaciones y brindar educación para modificar algunos factores de riesgo. Para ello se utilizó una encuesta que se aplicó a 193 trabajadores, la cual incluía los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables más relacionados con la génesis de la hipertensión arterial. En Este estudio se encontró una prevalencia de HTA del 13,02%. No existe relación significativa entre el hábito de fumar y la ingesta de licor con la presencia de HTA. El 56% de los individuos hipertensos tienen antecedentes familiares relacionados con la enfermedad y el 44% de las personas detectadas como hipertensas no practican ningún tipo de deporte. Finalmente, se presentan algunas recomendaciones con el fin de disminuir el incremento de la prevalencia de la HTA en la Compañía

Table_1_Changes in the incidence of acute bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and the implications of serotype replacement in children in Colombia after mass vaccination with PCV10.pdf

IntroductionAcute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a public health problem. The disease has reemerged after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) due to an increase in serotypes that are not covered. The objective was to determine the changes in the disease incidence before and after the introduction of the 10-valent vaccine (PCV10) in Colombia.MethodsThis multicenter study was conducted in 17 hospitals in Colombia. Data were collected from January 2008 to December 2019 in 10 hospitals in Bogotá and from January 2017 to December 2019 in seven hospitals in Cali, Medellín and Cartagena. The data were grouped into three periods: 2008–2011, 2012–2015, and 2016-2019.ResultsOf the 706 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease, 81 (11.4%) corresponded to meningitis. The relative incidence in Bogotá in the first period was 0.6 per 100,000 patients ≤ 5 years, decreased to 0.4 per 100,000 patients ≤ 5 years in the second period and increased in the third period to 0.7 per 100,000 patients ≤ 5 years. Serotypes covered by PCV10 decreased from 75 to 9.1%, with Spn19A (31.8%) and Spn34 (13.6%) emerging in the third period. Increased resistance to penicillin (13 to 37%) and to ceftriaxone (5.9 to 16%) was due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant Spn19A. The total mortality rate was 23.5% and increased from 12 to 33%.ConclusionsABM due to pneumococcus has high morbidity and mortality rates. Reemergence of the disease has been observed due to the inclusion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis and replacement of circulating serotypes after the introduction of PCV10, with an increase in Spn19A, which causes death and exhibits antimicrobial resistance. Continued surveillance is needed.</p