Are Trans diagnostic models of eating disorders fit for purpose? A consideration of the evidence for food addiction

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Treasure, J., Leslie, M., Chami, R., Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2018). Are trans diagnostic models of eating disorders fit for purpose? A consideration of the evidence for food addiction. European Eating Disorders Review, 26(2), 83-91. , which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/erv.2578. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.Explanatory models for eating disorders have changed over time to account for changing clinical presentations. The transdiagnostic model evolved from the maintenance model, which provided the framework for cognitive behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa. However, for many individuals (especially those at the extreme ends of the weight spectrum), this account does not fully fit. New evidence generated from research framed within the food addiction hypothesis is synthesised here into a model that can explain recurrent binge eating behaviour. New interventions that target core maintenance elements identified within the model may be useful additions to a complex model of treatment for eating disorders

3D culture reveals a signaling network

The behavior of a cell is significantly influenced by its context. Epithelial cells derived from glandular organs such as the breast recreate their glandular organization when grown under 3D culture conditions. While traditional monolayer cultures are powerful tools to understand how cells proliferate, grow and respond to stress, they do not recreate the 3D property observed in vivo. Multiple studies demonstrate that 3D organization can reveal novel and unexpected insights into the mechanisms by which normal and tumorderived epithelial cells function. In the present article we comment on a study that reports identification of a RasV12-induced IL-6 signaling network in mammary epithelial cells in 3D cultures

Unidad 1 a 10: Paso 4 - La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia-zona Amazonia y Orinoquia.

Colombia es uno de los países más golpeados por la guerra, en este caso se puede señalar que cada una de las narraciones dadas por las victimas permiten reconocer las afectaciones emocionales, físicas y a su vez nos permiten como futuros psicólogos poder apropiarnos de las experiencias que han tenido que afrontar esta población, y tomarlo como referencia para la adquisición de estrategias que le aporten al bienestar de las víctimas, teniendo en cuenta que el conflicto ha venido ocasionando dolor en sus vidas, en donde sin duda, como víctimas, se quiere ver el país con una paz duradera, donde se pueda suprimir cada una de las causas del conflicto, en este caso el dolor, pobreza desigualdad, corrupción. Desde el ámbito de la psicología se proponen estrategias psicosociales en pro del mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las personas víctimas del conflicto, desde el enfoque narrativo lo que se pretende es reconstruir vidas, transformar historias dominantes saturadas de problemas, dolor, rabia miedo, culpa que empiezan a hacer parte de identidad de las personas, en historias de sobrevivencia cargadas de recursos, sueños, propósitos y esperanzas. Las herramientas que brinda el enfoque narrativo, como la foto voz, las puestas en escena y la narración de historias favorecen procesos de reflexión en las victimas y auto-observación para el reconociendo de un valor propio, aprendizaje y habilidades. Dentro de la narrativa cobra gran importancia la estructuración de interrogantes que les facilitan a las víctimas del conflicto replantear nuevas formas de ver y enfrentar la vida, promueve la adquisición de recursos de afrontamiento.Colombia is one of the countries most hit by the war, in this case it can be pointed out that each one of the stories given by the victims allows us to recognize the emotional, physical affectations and in turn allow us as future psychologists to be able to appropriate the experiences that have had to face this population, and take it as a reference for the acquisition of strategies that contribute to the welfare of the victims, taking into account that the conflict has been causing pain in their lives, where without a doubt, as victims, we want to see the country with a lasting peace, where each cause of the conflict can be suppressed, in this case pain, poverty inequality, corruption. From the field of psychology, psychosocial strategies are proposed for the improvement of the quality of life of the victims of the conflict, from the narrative approach what is intended is to rebuild lives, transform dominant stories saturated with problems, pain, fear rage, guilt that they begin to be part of people's identity, in survival stories loaded with resources, dreams, purposes and hopes. The tools provided by the narrative approach, such as photo voice, staging and storytelling, favor processes of reflection in victims and self-observation for the recognition of their own value, learning and skills. Within the narrative, the structuring of questions that facilitate the victims of the conflict to rethink new ways of seeing and facing life becomes important, promotes the acquisition of coping resources

The nuclear receptors of Biomphalaria glabrata and Lottia gigantea: Implications for developing new model organisms

© 2015 Kaur et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedNuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription regulators involved in an array of diverse physiological functions including key roles in endocrine and metabolic function. The aim of this study was to identify nuclear receptors in the fully sequenced genome of the gastropod snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni and compare these to known vertebrate NRs, with a view to assessing the snail's potential as a invertebrate model organism for endocrine function, both as a prospective new test organism and to elucidate the fundamental genetic and mechanistic causes of disease. For comparative purposes, the genome of a second gastropod, the owl limpet, Lottia gigantea was also investigated for nuclear receptors. Thirty-nine and thirty-three putative NRs were identified from the B. glabrata and L. gigantea genomes respectively, based on the presence of a conserved DNA-binding domain and/or ligand-binding domain. Nuclear receptor transcript expression was confirmed and sequences were subjected to a comparative phylogenetic analysis, which demonstrated that these molluscs have representatives of all the major NR subfamilies (1-6). Many of the identified NRs are conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, however differences exist, most notably, the absence of receptors of Group 3C, which includes some of the vertebrate endocrine hormone targets. The mollusc genomes also contain NR homologues that are present in insects and nematodes but not in vertebrates, such as Group 1J (HR48/DAF12/HR96). The identification of many shared receptors between humans and molluscs indicates the potential for molluscs as model organisms; however the absence of several steroid hormone receptors indicates snail endocrine systems are fundamentally different.The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, Grant Ref:G0900802 to CSJ, LRN, SJ & EJR [www.nc3rs.org.uk]

Accurate Prediction of Secreted Substrates and Identification of a Conserved Putative Secretion Signal for Type III Secretion Systems

The type III secretion system is an essential component for virulence in many Gram-negative bacteria. Though components of the secretion system apparatus are conserved, its substrates—effector proteins—are not. We have used a novel computational approach to confidently identify new secreted effectors by integrating protein sequence-based features, including evolutionary measures such as the pattern of homologs in a range of other organisms, G+C content, amino acid composition, and the N-terminal 30 residues of the protein sequence. The method was trained on known effectors from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and validated on a set of effectors from the animal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) after eliminating effectors with detectable sequence similarity. We show that this approach can predict known secreted effectors with high specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, by considering a large set of effectors from multiple organisms, we computationally identify a common putative secretion signal in the N-terminal 20 residues of secreted effectors. This signal can be used to discriminate 46 out of 68 total known effectors from both organisms, suggesting that it is a real, shared signal applicable to many type III secreted effectors. We use the method to make novel predictions of secreted effectors in S. Typhimurium, some of which have been experimentally validated. We also apply the method to predict secreted effectors in the genetically intractable human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, identifying the majority of known secreted proteins in addition to providing a number of novel predictions. This approach provides a new way to identify secreted effectors in a broad range of pathogenic bacteria for further experimental characterization and provides insight into the nature of the type III secretion signal

PAM50 Breast Cancer Subtyping by RT-qPCR and Concordance with Standard Clinical Molecular Markers

Abstract Background Many methodologies have been used in research to identify the “intrinsic” subtypes of breast cancer commonly known as Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-Enriched (HER2-E) and Basal-like. The PAM50 gene set is often used for gene expression-based subtyping; however, surrogate subtyping using panels of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are still widely used clinically. Discrepancies between these methods may lead to different treatment decisions. Methods We used the PAM50 RT-qPCR assay to expression profile 814 tumors from the GEICAM/9906 phase III clinical trial that enrolled women with locally advanced primary invasive breast cancer. All samples were scored at a single site by IHC for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu (HER2) protein expression. Equivocal HER2 cases were confirmed by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Single gene scores by IHC/CISH were compared with RT-qPCR continuous gene expression values and “intrinsic” subtype assignment by the PAM50. High, medium, and low expression for ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and proliferation were selected using quartile cut-points from the continuous RT-qPCR data across the PAM50 subtype assignments. Results ESR1, PGR, and ERBB2 gene expression had high agreement with established binary IHC cut-points (area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.9). Estrogen receptor positivity by IHC was strongly associated with Luminal (A and B) subtypes (92%), but only 75% of ER negative tumors were classified into the HER2-E and Basal-like subtypes. Luminal A tumors more frequently expressed PR than Luminal B (94% vs 74%) and Luminal A tumors were less likely to have high proliferation (11% vs 77%). Seventy-seven percent (30/39) of ER-/HER2+ tumors by IHC were classified as the HER2-E subtype. Triple negative tumors were mainly comprised of Basal-like (57%) and HER2-E (30%) subtypes. Single gene scoring for ESR1, PGR, and ERBB2 was more prognostic than the corresponding IHC markers as shown in a multivariate analysis. Conclusions The standard immunohistochemical panel for breast cancer (ER, PR, and HER2) does not adequately identify the PAM50 gene expression subtypes. Although there is high agreement between biomarker scoring by protein immunohistochemistry and gene expression, the gene expression determinations for ESR1 and ERBB2 status was more prognostic

Erratum to: Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

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