Papel de la gastronomía y de las nuevas tecnologías en la configuración de una alimentación saludable

La gastronomía y las ciencias ómicas están teniendo una gran influencia sobre el presente y el futuro de la ingesta alimentaria habitual de la población. Un porcentaje muy importante de la población realiza al menos una comida fuera del hogar, y este impacto alimentario se mantiene durante un periodo prolongado de tiempo. La producción y la distribución de alimentos, así como la industria alimentaria (incluidos la hostelería y la restauración: el canal horeca), tienen una gran trascendencia en la oferta de alimentos y bebidas y en su composición e idoneidad en cantidad, calidad y precio. Sobre esta disponibilidad de alimentos el consumidor configurará su cesta de la compra y la elección de alimentos, en muchos casos por precio, comodidad, percepción sensorial e incluso por su impacto potencial en la salud. Las ciencias ómicas pueden tener una gran trascendencia en un futuro cercano, concretando la configuración de la alimentación de precisión y estimulando la investigación de nuevos alimentos y componentes que posibiliten un mejor estado de salud, una mejor funcionalidad y una mayor esperanza de vida sin discapacidad. Todo este panorama necesita un marco legislativo que asegure el principio de precaución y una óptima situación de seguridad alimentaria. En este complicado camino, la colaboración entre la ciencia, la industria, las organizaciones de consumidores y la Administración debe facilitar el objetivo de que el alimento sea una herramienta de promoción de la salud y del bienestar.The gastronomy and the Omic sciences are having a great influence on the present and the future of the habitual food intake of the population. A very large percentage of the population makes at least one meal outside the home and this food impact is maintained over an extended period of time. Food production, food industry and food distribution (including hotels and restaurants, HORECA channel) have a great importance in the supply of food and beverages, its composition and suitability in quantity, quality and price. Based on this availability of food, the consumer will make-up the shopping basket and will choose foods in many cases considering price, comfort, sensory perception and even for its potential impact on health. Omic sciences can be of great importance in the near future by specifying the configuration of the precision feed and stimulating the investigation of new foods and components that help contribute to better health, better functionality and longer life expectancy without disability. This whole panorama needs a legislative framework that ensures the precautionary principle and an optimal food safety. In this complicated way the collaboration between science, industry, consumer organizations and the administration must facilitate the objective of making food a tool for promoting health and well-being

A comparative study of efficacy and functionality of ten commercially available wrist-hand orthoses in healthy females:Wrist range of motion and grip strength analysis

Objective Wrist-hand orthoses(WHOs) are prescribed for a range of musculoskeletal/neurological conditions to optimise wrist/hand position at rest and enhance performance by controlling its range of motion(ROM), improving alignment, reducing pain, and optimising grip strength. The objective of this research was to study the efficacy and functionality of ten commercially available WHOs on wrist ROM and grip strength. Design Randomised comparative functional study of the wrist/hand with and without WHOs. Participants Ten right-handed female participants presenting with no underlying condition nor pain affecting the wrist/hand which could influence motion or grip strength. Each participant randomly tested ten WHOs; one per week, for ten weeks. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was to ascertain the impact of WHOs on wrist resting position and flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation. A secondary outcome was the impact of the WHOs on maximum grip strength and associated wrist position when this was attained. Results From the 2,400 tests performed it was clear that no WHO performed effectively or consistently across participants. The optimally performing WHO for flexion control was #3 restricting 86.7%, #4 restricting 76.7% of extension, #9 restricting 83.5% of radial deviation, and #4 maximally restricting ulnar deviation. A grip strength reduction was observed with all WHOs, and ranged from 1.7% (#6) to 34.2% (#4). Conclusion WHOs did not limit movement sufficiently to successfully manage any condition requiring motion restriction associated with pain relief. The array of motion control recorded might be a contributing factor for the current conflicting evidence of efficacy for WHOs. Any detrimental impact on grip strength will influence the types of activities undertaken by the wearer. The design aspects impacting wrist motion and grip strength are multifactorial, including: WHO geometry; the presence of a volar bar; material of construction; strap design; and quality of fit. This study raises questions regarding the efficacy of current designs of prefabricated WHOs which have remained unchanged for several decades but continue to be used globally without a robust evidence-base to inform clinical practice and the prescription of these devices. These findings justify the need to re-design WHOs with the goal of meeting users’ needs

Differentiating Variations in Thumb Position From Recordings of the Surface Electromyogram in Adults Performing Static Grips, a Proof of Concept Study

Hand gesture and grip formations are produced by the muscle synergies arising between extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles and many functional hand movements involve repositioning of the thumb relative to other digits. In this study we explored whether changes in thumb posture in able-body volunteers can be identified and classified from the modulation of forearm muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) alone without reference to activity from the intrinsic musculature. In this proof-of-concept study, our goal was to determine if there is scope to develop prosthetic hand control systems that may incorporate myoelectric thumb-position control. Healthy volunteers performed a controlled-isometric grip task with their thumb held in four different opposing-postures. Grip force during task performance was maintained at 30% maximal-voluntary force and sEMG signals from the forearm were recorded using 2D high-density sEMG (HD-sEMG arrays). Correlations between sEMG amplitude and root-mean squared estimates with variation in thumb-position were investigated using principal-component analysis and self-organizing feature maps. Results demonstrate that forearm muscle sEMG patterns possess classifiable parameters that correlate with variations in static thumb position (accuracy of 88.25±0.5% anterior; 91.25±2.5% posterior musculature of the forearm sites). Of importance, this suggests that in transradial amputees, despite the loss of access to the intrinsic muscles that control thumb action, an acceptable level of control over a thumb component within myoelectric devices may be achievable. Accordingly, further work exploring the potential to provide myoelectric control over the thumb within a prosthetic hand is warranted

La evolución de la industria discográfica: un análisis de los procesos de innovación en Europa

454 p

Contradicciones en el proceso de restablecimiento de derechos de los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes en Colombia

En Colombia se ha ido avanzando en la protección de los derechos de los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes, lo que ha generado cambios trascendentales en la normatividad legal, abriendo paso a la Ley 1098 de 2006 consagrando un Proceso Administrativo de Restablecimiento de Derechos, implementado y ejecutada por 8 años; en su práctica ha generado inconsistencias e incongruencias que hace necesario dilucidarlas para determinar las principales dificultades y realizar una propuesta que de una u otra manera puede incidir y ser una alternativa de solución para el legislador y los practicantes del derecho de familia. Las dificultades encontradas son entre otras la falta de capacitación de las autoridades competentes, los defensores de familia y comisarios de familia que han hecho que su aplicación varíe de un despacho a otro y que no pueden ser solucionados por la falta de claridad en la norma; situaciones como: diferencias en la medición de tiempos para la pérdida de competencia, momento exacto de la realización de la verificación de derechos, período en que se dicta el auto de apertura, la forma de notificar a las partes del proceso, la ley que debe aplicarse en materia de conciliación, las pruebas que deben emplearse y en qué momento debe comisionarse a otra autoridad, medidas de restablecimiento de derechos, homologación y el seguimiento a las medidas. Estas circunstancias ocasionan una vulneración generada por el Estado, revictimizando, dilatando y obstaculizando la labor de restablecimiento, generando una situación caótica en la realidad de los niños, las niñas y adolescentes en Colombia. Este trabajo proporciona una nueva perspectiva que dé ser acogida puede contribuir en mejorar la situación de los niños en Colombia

Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. It is frequent in both developed and developing countries and mainly affects women of childbearing age and children. Methods: Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009). A three-day dietary record, collected by means of a tablet device, was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption and leftovers. Results: Total median dietary iron intake was 9.8 mg/day for women and 11.3 mg/day for men. Highest intakes were observed among plausible adolescent reporters (13.3 mg/day), followed by adults (13.0 mg/day), elderly (12.7 mg/day), and children (12.2 mg/day). Prevalence of adequacy for iron intakes as assessed by EFSA criteria was higher than for the Spanish Recommended Iron Intake values in all age groups. Females had lower adequacy than males for both criteria, 27.3% and 17.0% vs. 77.2% and 57.0% respectively. Cereals or grains (26.7%–27.4%), meats and derivatives (19.8%–22.7%), and vegetables (10.3%–12.4%) were the major iron contributors. Conclusion: Higher iron intakes were observed in adolescents and were highest for non-heme iron. The prevalence of adequate iron intake according to EFSA criteria was higher than compared to national recommendations, and women had the lowest intakes. Therefore, there is a need to define standard dietary reference intake to determine inadequate iron intakes in the Spanish population.The study was financially supported by a grant from Coca-Cola, Iberia through an agreement with the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (Fundación Española de la Nutrición (FEN))

Diseño e implementación de un transceptor para identificación por radiofrecuencia (RFID)

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster Universitario en Microelectrónica: Diseño y Aplicaciones de Sistemas Micro/Nanométrico

Updating the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish Population: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) Proposal

This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from NUTRIMAD 2018.Diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity are among the leading risk factors for disability and are responsible for a large proportion of the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are useful tools for nutrition policies and public health strategies to promote healthier eating and physical activity. In this paper, we discuss the process followed in developing the dietary guidelines for the Spanish population by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and further explain the collaboration with primary healthcare practitioners as presented in the context of the NUTRIMAD 2018 international congress of SENC. From a health in all policies approach, SENC convened a group of experts in nutrition and public health to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrient intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability. The collaborative group drafted the document and designed the graphic icon, which was then subject to a consultation process, discussion, and qualitative evaluation. Next, a collaborative group was established to plan a dissemination strategy, involving delegates from all the primary healthcare scientific societies in Spain. A product of this collaboration was the release of an attractive, easy-to-understand publication

High Density Surface Electromyography Activity of the Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscles and Comfort/Discomfort Assessment in Piano Players:Comparison of two chairs

Introduction: At a professional level, pianists have a high prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders. This exploratory crossover study was carried out to assess and compare quantitatively [using high density surface electromyography (HDsEMG)], and qualitatively (using musculoskeletal questionnaires) the activity of the lumbar erector spinae muscles (ESM) and the comfort/discomfort in 16 pianists sitting on a standard piano stool (SS) and on an alternative chair (A-chair) with lumbar support and a trunk-thigh angle between 105° and 135°. Materials and Methods: The subjects played for 55 min and HDsEMG was recorded for 20 s every 5 min. For the quantitative assessment of the muscle activity, the spatial mean of the root mean square (RMS(ROA)) and the centroid of the region of activity (ROA) of the ESM were compared between the two chairs. For the qualitative assessment, musculoskeletal questionnaire-based scales were used: General Comfort Rating (GCR); Helander and Zhang’s comfort (HZc) and discomfort (HZd); and Body Part Discomfort (BPD). Results: When using the A-chair, 14 out of 16 pianists (87.5%) showed a significantly lower RMS(ROA) on the left and right side (p < 0.05). The mixed effects model revealed that both chairs (F = 28.21, p < 0.001) and sides (F = 204.01, p < 0.001) contributed to the mean RMS(ROA) variation by subject (Z = 2.64, p = 0.004). GCR comfort indicated that participants found the A-Chair to be “quite comfortable,” and the SS to be “uncomfortable.” GCR discomfort indicated that the SS caused more numbness than the A-Chair (p = 0.05) and indicated the A-Chair to cause more feeling of cramps (p = 0.034). No difference was found on HZc (p = 0.091) or HZd (p = 0.31) between chairs. Female participants (n = 9) reported greater comfort when using the A-Chair than the SS (F = 7.09, p = 0.01) with respect to males. No differences between chairs were indicated by the BPD assessment. Conclusion: It is concluded that using a chair with lumbar support, such as the A-chair, will provide greater comfort, less exertion of the ESM and less discomfort than the standard piano stool