Arah Baru Pengembangan Studi ‘Ulûmul Qur`ân : Rekonstruksi Atas Teori Makkî dan Madanî

Al-Qur`an merupakan wahyu sekaligus mu'jizat terakhir yang diberikan oleh Allah kepada Rasulullah Saw. Pasca mangkatnya Rasulullah Saw. , untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan keagamaan yang ada dibutuhkan suatu bentuk ijtihad yang kemudian melahirkan Ilmu-ilmu Al-Qur`an (‘Ulûm Al-Qur`ân), dimana salah satu cabang dari ilmu tersebut adalah ilmu Makkî dan Madanî. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan seputar pengertian dari makkî dan madanî, perkembangan makkî dan madanî, signifikansi dan arti penting teori makkî dan madanî dalam konteks penafsiran Al-Qur`an. Pengertian dari Makkî dan Madanî telah disepakati oleh sebagian besar sarjanawan Islam dimana Makkî didefinisikan sebagai ayat dan surat Al-Qur`an yang diturunkan sebelum Rasulullah Saw. berhijrah ke kota Madinah, walaupun turunnya diluar di kota Mekah; sedangkan Madanî adalah ayat dan surat Al-Qur`an yang diturunkan setelah Rasulullah Saw. berhijrah ke kota Madinah, walaupun di kota Mekah. Metode yang telah disepakati oleh sarjanawan-sarjanawan Islam dalam mengetahui dan menentukan mana ayat dan surat Al-Qur`an yang Makkî dan mana yang Madanî adalah metode sima'i-naqli dan metode ijtihad (qiyasi-aqli). Teori Makkî dan Madanî ini sangat signifikan bagi seorang mufassir dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur`an. Salah satu solusi sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam memecahkan persoalan seputar makkî dan madanî, adalah sintesa antara kriteria-kriteria yang ada, yang mencakup sintesa antara kriteria gaya bahasa (panjang pendek dan fashilah), kriteria kandungan isi (tema) dan kriteria gerak antara teksdan realitas (yang kemudian dikenal dengan asbab al-nuzul)

Survivin a radiogenetic promoter for glioblastoma viral gene therapy independently from CArG motifs

BACKGROUND: Radiogenetic therapy is a novel approach in the treatment of cancer, which employs genetic modification to alter the sensitivity of tumor cells to the effect of applied radiation. AIM: To select a potent radiation inducible promoter in the context of brain tumors and to investigate if CArG radio responsive motifs or other elements in the promoter nucleotide sequences can correlate to its response to radiation. METHODS: To select initial candidates for promoter inducible elements, the levels of mRNA expression of six different promoters were assessed using Quantitative RTPCR in D54 MG cells before and after radiation exposure. Recombinant Ad/reporter genes driven by five different promoters; CMV, VEGF, FLT-1, DR5 and survivin were constructed. Glioma cell lines were infected with different multiplicity of infection of the (promoter) Ad or CMV Ad. Cells were then exposed to a range of radiation (0–12 Gy) at single fraction. Fluorescent microscopy, Luc assay and X-gal staining was used to detect the level of expression of related genes. Different glioma cell lines and normal astrocytes were infected with Ad survivin and exposed to radiation. The promoters were analyzed for presence of CArG radio-responsive motifs and CCAAT box consensus using NCBI blast bioinformatics software. RESULTS: Radiotherapy increases the expression of gene expression by 1.25–2.5 fold in different promoters other than survivin after 2 h of radiation. RNA analysis was done and has shown an increase in copy number of tenfold for survivin. Most importantly cells treated with RT and Ad Luc driven by survivin promoter showed a fivefold increase in expression after 2 Gy of radiation in comparison to non-irradiated cells. Presence or absence of CArG motifs did not correlate with promoter response to radiation. Survivin with the best response to radiation had the lowest number of CCAAT box. CONCLUSION: Survivin is a selective potent radiation inducible promoter for glioblastoma viral gene therapy and this response to radiation could be independent of CArG motifs

Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill.) sebagai Tabir Surya

Telah dilakukan penelitian potensi ekstrak etanol biji alpukat sebagai tabir surya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) ekstrak etanol biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Simplisia biji diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan larutan penyari etanol 96%, kemudian dibuat larutan sampel dengan seri konsentrasi 200, 400, 600, 800 dan 1000 ppm. Selanjutnya larutan sampel diukur absorbansinya panjang gelombang 290-320 nm dengan interval 5 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol biji alpukat 1000 ppm memiliki nilai SPF tertinggi yaitu 8,02, yang terkategori proteksi maksimal

Effect of Casting and Mould Cooling Temperatures on the Warping Phenomenon of Aluminium at High Pressure Die- Casting

Abstract. The effect of molten aluminium pouring temperature and hot oiltemperature for mould heating and cooling on the warping phenomenon ofthick-thin section aluminium high-pressure die-casting process was investigatedon a four cavities hard disk drive mould. Nine combinations of moltenaluminium A380 pouring temperature of 660ºC, 690ºC and 720ºC and hot oiltemperature of 150ºC, 200ºC and 250ºC were being studied. Magmasoftsimulation software was used to simulate the molten aluminium flow in themould and distortion to understand the die-casting cooling pattern in responseto different molten aluminium temperature and mould cooling parameterssettings. Actual casting was carried out to produce the parts according tosimulation settings. Warping data was collected and analysed using Minitab 17.It was found that each mould cavity had different cooling pattern resulting indifferent warping magnitude. Pouring temperature at 660ºC and 720ºC both hadhigher warping distortion then 690ºC. Hot oil temperature at 150ºC had higherwarping distortion than 200ºC and 250ºC. The lowest warping distortion wasestablish at molten aluminium pouring and hot oil temperature of 690ºC and200ºC respectively

Circulating vaspin is unrelated to insulin sensitivity in a cohort of nondiabetic humans

Objective: To study the association of vaspin with glucose metabolism. Design: Cross-sectional and intervention study. Subjects and methods: The association of serum vaspin with metabolic and anthropometric characteristics was investigated in 108 volunteers. Euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamps (EHC) were performed in 83 of the participants. Changes of circulating vaspin levels were additionally studied in a crossover study using 300 min EHC with lipid versus saline infusion (n=10). Results: Neither glucose tolerance status nor insulin sensitivity, both as measured using EHCs and using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), was significantly associated with serum vaspin in the cross-sectional study. Furthermore, there was no effect of short-term lipid-induced insulin resistance due to a 300 min intravenous lipid challenge on circulating vaspin. However, circulating vaspin levels were significantly elevated in women using oral contraceptives (OC), both compared to women without OC intake (1.17±0.26 vs 0.52±0.09 ng/ml, P=0.02) and males (1.17±0.26 vs 0.29±0.04 ng/ml, P=0.01). After exclusion of OC using females and stratification according to body mass index (BMI), a significant sexual dimorphism in subjects with a BMI <25 kg/m2 was observed (males 0.21±0.04 ng/ml versus females 0.70±0.16 ng/ml, P=0.009). Conclusion: Our results support the existence of a sexual dimorphism regarding circulating vaspin. The lack of an association of serum vaspin with HOMA-IR and M value indicates, however, no major role for vaspin concerning insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic humans

ANALISIS PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PENETAPAN CAPITAL BUFFER DAN FAKTOR INTERNAL SERTA EKSTERNAL BANK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KREDIT BANK UMUM DI INDONESIA (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Umum Konvensional BUKU 4 dan 3 Periode 2005-2017)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan penetapan capital buffer dan faktor internal serta eksternal bank terhadap pertumbuhan kredit bank umum di Indonesia studi kasus pada bank umum konvensional BUKU 4 dan 3 periode 2005-2017. Banyak faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kredit bank, pada penelitian ini faktor-faktor tersebut diantaranya faktor internal bank (CAR, LDR dan NPL), faktor eksternal bank (PDB, Inflasi, BI rate) serta adanya kebijakan capital buffer. Pada penelitian ini, ada lima model regresi data panel dari ketujuh variabel bebas, namun telah dipilih untuk dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan pertimbangan peneliti yaitu model regresi data panel 5 dengan variabel bebasnya yaitu LDR, NPL, PDB, BI rate dan Capital Buffer dengan runtun waktu 13 tahun, 49 triwulan periode 2005-2017. Hasil yang diperoleh dari estimasi tersebut didapatkan model random effect setelah dilakukan uji Chow dan Hausman, lalu pada pengujian hipotesis dibuktikan bahwa secara parsial pengaruh variabel LDR, NPL, PDB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, lalu pengaruh BI rate berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan dan variabel capital buffer berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan kredit sedangkan secara simultan variabel LDR, NPL, PDB, BI rate dan Capital Buffer berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan kredit bank umum konvensional BUKU 4 dan 3 di Indonesia. Kata kunci : Pertumbuhan Kredit, CAR, LDR, NPL, PDB, Inflasi, BI rate, Capital Buffe

The environmental impact on the hydrogeochemical characterization of the Kurkar aquifer system, Gaza strip, Palestine.

The Gaza strip is suffering groundwater deterioration as a result of high population density where the outflow exceeds inflow by about 20 Mm3/y. This quantity of water is believed to be replaced by deep seawater intrusion and/or upconing of deep brines in the southern areas or by anthropogenic wastewater. Large cones of depression have been formed over the last 40 years within the Gaza, Khan Younis, and Rafah governorates. The salinity increases in the northwestern and the southeastern parts of Gaza Strip. Nitrate and chloride exceed the WHO maximum permissible limits and are considered as the major pollutants of the aquifer, their high concentration values are attributed to agricultural activity and leaked wastewaters as well as the scarcity of the resource. The cluster analysis (Q-mode) classified the data into 5 clusters and 3 independent cases depending upon salinity and nitrate concentrations. The rotated factor analysis identified 3 factors. The AquaChem program clarified that the study area was supersaturated with calcite and dolomite and undersaturated with gypsum and anhydrite minerals. In general, the groundwater was unsuitable for drinking according to their TDS and NO3 contents. The groundwater can be used in permeable soils for irrigation purposes

LIQUORICE BEVERAGE EFFECT ON THE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF ATORVASTATIN, SIMVASTATIN, AND LOVASTATIN BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY/MASS SPECTROSCOPY

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of pre-consumption of freshly prepared liquorice beverage (4 ml/kg) on thepharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of (80 mg/kg) oral dose of atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin in healthy rats plasma.Methods: A simple, rapid, and applicable analytical method was developed for the determination of each statin in rats' plasma. This method usesliquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy. The mobile phase composed of methanol and formic acid in water and glimepiride asan internal standard. 108 rats were used in this study. Liquorice juice was given, and then each of the statins was given to test groups and liquoriceonly to the control groups, and then plasma samples were withdrawn on specific time schedule then PK analysis was performed.Results: The analytical method showed acceptable linearity, recovery, precision, and accuracy. Administration of liquorice resulted in a significantincrease in maximum concentration in plasma (C) of the three statins, also the area under plasma level-time curves (area under curve) was increasedsignificantly. Moreover, the bioavailability of the drugs. On the other hand, the elimination of the three drugs showed no great changes, which suggestsan interaction between liquorice and the transporting system of statins on the gut and biliary wall.maxConclusion: Consumption of liquorice results in increase bioavailability of atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin.Keywords: Liquorice, Atorvastatin, Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy, Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Pharmacokineticparameters

DETC03/VIB-48603 MODAL INTERACTIONS IN A THERMALLY LOADED ANNULAR PLATE

ABSTRACT W

Comparative study of efficacy of prepartum injection of multivitamins and selenium- vitamin E (ά-tocopherol)-combination on post-partum clinical findings, serum steroids, calf and placental weights, and milk antioxidant biomarkers changes in female dromed

Background: All concentrates given to camels were enriched in selenium (Se) in selenite form. The impacts of Se supplementation on lactating female health, milk, and Se/antioxidant statuses received no research interest. Aim: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of long-term prepartum injection of Se-vitamin E combination and multivitamins on maternal post-calving clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, milk antioxidants, milk somatic cell count (SCC) status, calf body weight, placental weight (PW), and vaginal wash isolates. Methods: From three equal groups of postpartum she-camels (n = 45), one group received no treatment and served as control group (Cont.; n = 15). For 3 months prepartum, one group had received a combination of vitamin E (ά-tocopherol) and Se (VitE-Se-; n = 15), and the third one received multivitamins (Multi-; n = 15). All dams were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Se, vitamin E, and milk SCC on Days 14, 21, and 28 post-calving. Steroid hormones and calf and PW were estimated at birth (Day 0). Results: The study reported higher efficacy of Se-vitamin E combination comparing with that of multivitamins as a long-term prepartum injection in recently calved she-camels that was reflected through significant changes in steroids hormones (Drop), i.e., progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), the milk antioxidant biomarkers (Elevation), i.e., TAC, Se, vitamin E, and milk SCCs (Reduction). Both two therapeutic regimens had a more powerful effect that the control one. Conclusion: The applied therapeutic supplements had no significant effect on clinical and hematological changes as well as calves’ body weights and PWs. Body weights were significantly higher in male camel calves than those of female calves either in Cont., VitE-Se-, or Multi-