Socio-epidemiologia de casos e óbitos por Covid-2019, em hospitais, no período de 2020-2022, na região norte do Brasil

A COVID-19 surgiu na cidade de Wuhan – República Popular da China em dezembro de 2019 e foi caracterizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como uma pandemia em 11 de março de 2020 e a partir disso iniciou-se a busca pela identificação e principal causa dessa doença. Diante disso, surgiu o pressuposto de que as pessoas infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 haviam sido contaminadas por meio do contato direto, ou seja, de pessoa a pessoa. Mediante a pandemia, a OMS se reuniu com as autoridades chinesas e especialistas para aprender mais sobre o vírus e sua alta disseminação pelo mundo. O estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar as características socioepidemiológicas de casos e óbitos de covid-2019 em hospitais no Brasil, no período de 2020 a 2022, com destaque para a região Norte, a qual foi significativamente afetada pelo vírus. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários presentes no SINAN, DATASUS e ICTIC (Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde), sendo disponibilizados pelo formato online e com análise dos casos e óbitos ocorridos devido à covid-19, no referido período. Os dados foram organizados e armazenados no programa Excell e tratados por meio de estatística descritiva simples. O estudo aponta que o Pará, foi o estado com maior número de casos novos de Covid-19 da região norte, nos anos de 2021 a 2022. Ao relacionar os óbitos com a faixa etária houve maior concentração entre a idade de 70 a 79 anos em 2020, de 60 a 69 em 2021 e de 80 a 89 anos, em 2022. No que diz respeito aos casos novos e de óbitos por covid-19 na região Norte do país, identificou-se que o estado do Pará obteve a maior prevalência, nos anos de 2020,2021 e 2022. Com relação à raça/cor, em 2020, a cor parda destacou-se, porém nos anos seguintes a raça/cor branca prevaleceu. Quando se comparou as comorbidades/fatores de risco à idade menor de 60 anos, e igual ou maior de 60 anos encontrou-se similaridades nas duas faixas etárias prevalecendo a comorbidade e/ou fatores de risco cardiopatias e diabetes. O estudo permitiu, portanto, conhecer o perfil dos casos novos e óbitos por Covid-19 em hospitais no Brasil, estabelecendo as suas variáveis e determinantes, confirmando, assim, que diversos fatores de riscos estão associados à doença e que merecem atenção permanente das autoridades de saúde, dos profissionais dos serviços de saúde bem como da população de um modo geral

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified