Percepção e educação ambiental como subsídios de monitoramento e conservação de quelônios no município de Santa Maria das Barreiras, Pará, Brasil

The Amazonian turtles, especially Podocnemididae family, were and have being one of the main sources of food and protein for riverine people, indigenous people and rural populations throughout the Amazon region. Your consumption being considered a rooted tradition in their culture. Thus, this research aimed to make the assessment the perception and socio environmental profile of people who use and/or trade Amazonian turtles, provide guidelines for Environmental Education programs, through semi-structured interviews and content analysis. The research was conducted specifically with urban populations of Santa Maria das Barreiras town, in the state of Pará - Brazil, which were selected using the snowball sampling method. For this, 59 people were interviewed, who represented four social groups: public servants of Castro State School of Basic Education, 7th year of Elementary School students, and 3rd year of Medium School students of the same school, urban population of the town and people involved with Araguaia Chelonian Project, who represented different profiles. The sample shows a good level of education and age, varying from 12 to 71 years old, with 64.40% (n = 38) of men and 35.59% (n = 21) of women. The study found that the majority of respondents are municipal and/or state public servants, with monthly family income about one or more than three basic salaries, with about one to twenty individuals per residence (average of 4.40 individuals). Because of this study, it was identified that 72.86% (n = 43) consume chelonian meat, of which 76.74% (n = 33) have a predilection for species of Podocnemis expansa. Only 25.38% (n = 15) consume chelonian eggs, of which 89.66% (n = 13) have a preference for Podocnemis unifilis eggs. Furthermore, the interviewees assert that they acquire these animals through trade, hunting/fishing or donations, from friends, colleagues or indigenous people. All the interviewees assert that the survival of the turtles in the region is mainly affected by the anthropic action (hunting/fishing and egg collection), causing a reduction in the natural stocks of the region and the majority recommends intense inspection and environmental education as the main forms of guarantee the survival of the turtles in the region. Most of the respondents consider that chelonian have great socio-environmental importance, highlighting the cultural custom and flavour this kind of meat, as the main reasons for the consumption of chelonian in that region. They also say that would encourage their family and friends to avoid the consumption of those animals; they also affirm that they know the Araguaia Chelonian Project, but are not engaged with it; despite that, most of interviewees recognize that the Project has contributed to changing negative people's attitudes towards chelonian. In addition, this research elaborated a set of proposals that can assist the work of conservation of turtles focused on environmental education, the strengthening of inspection actions and community engagement, in order to contribute for awareness and understanding of the social and ecological relevance of the chelonian, considering the perspective of enabling responsible use and enhancing the potential of this species. The wide consumption presented reinforces the urgent character of conservation actions needed in the area, in addition to Araguaia Chelonian Project, since the pressure of consumption is high, and there is not sufficient population data that allow establishing the real impact of this consumption for the maintenance of viability of the natural chelonian populations.Os quelônios amazônicos, em especial a família Podocnemididae, foram e continuam sendo uma das principais fontes de alimento e proteína para os ribeirinhos, indígenas e populações rurais em toda região amazônica. Seu consumo é considerado uma tradição enraizada em sua cultura. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar a percepção e o perfil socioambiental das pessoas que utilizam e/ou comercializam quelônios amazônicos, visando nortear diretrizes para programas de educação ambiental, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da análise de conteúdo. O estudo foi realizado especificamente com habitantes urbanos do município de Santa Maria das Barreiras-PA, os quais foram selecionados a partir do método snowball sampling (amostragem da bola de neve). Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 59 pessoas representantes de quatro grupos sociais: servidores da Escola Estadual de Educação Básica Castro, alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental e do 3º ano do Ensino Médio da referida escola, habitantes urbanos do município e participantes do Projeto Quelônios do Araguaia, apresentando diferentes perfis. A amostra revela um bom índice de escolaridade e idade variando entre 12 e 71 anos, com 64.40% (n=38) de homens e 35.59% (n=21) de mulheres. Verificou-se que a maior parte dos entrevistados é de servidores públicos municipais e/ou estaduais, com renda familiar mensal entre um ou mais que três salários mínimos, possuindo de um a vinte indivíduos por residência (média de 4.44 indivíduos). Como resultado desse estudo, identificou-se que 72.86% (n= 43) consomem a carne de quelônios, destes 76.74% (n=33) apresentaram predileção por espécies de Podocnemis expansa. Somente 25.38% (n=15) consomem ovos de quelônios, sendo 89.66% (n=13) têm preferência pelos ovos de Podocnemis unifilis. Além disso, os entrevistados asseveram que adquirem esses animais por meio do comércio, caça/pesca ou doações de amigos, colegas ou indígenas. Todos os entrevistados afirmam que a sobrevivência dos quelônios na região é afetada principalmente pela ação antrópica (caça/pesca e coleta dos ovos), ocasionando uma redução nos estoques naturais da região, e a maioria recomenda intensa fiscalização e educação ambiental como as principais formas de garantir a sobrevivência dos quelônios na região. Do total de entrevistados, a maior parte considera que os quelônios têm grande importância socioambiental, destacando o costume e o sabor da carne como os principais motivos para o consumo de quelônios na região; afirma que incentivaria familiares e amigos a evitar o consumo desses animais; participaria voluntariamente das atividades para a conservação dos quelônios; conhece o Projeto Quelônios do Araguaia, mas não participou das atividades desenvolvidas pelo projeto e que este tem contribuído com a mudança de atitudes das pessoas em relação aos quelônios. Ademais, optou se por elaborar um conjunto de propostas que possam auxiliar o trabalho de conservação de quelônios e são voltadas para a educação ambiental, o fortalecimento das ações de fiscalização e a participação comunitária, de forma a contribuir para a tomada de consciência e compreensão da relevância social e ecológica dos quelônios, considerando a perspectiva de viabilizar um uso responsável e de valorização do potencial da espécie. O amplo consumo, associado a outras atividades antrópicas, reforça o caráter urgente da necessidade de ações conservacionistas no local, além do Projeto Quelônios do Araguaia, uma vez que não existem dados populacionais que permitem estabelecer o real impacto desse uso para a viabilidade das populações naturais de quelônios

Microanatomic features of unilateral condylar hyperplasia

Microanatomic features of unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) are described. The articular surface exhibited clefts with surrounding elevations, and globules varying 0.5-2 µm in diameter. The articular zone presented giant coiled fibers, and the proliferative zone was composed of small round cells. The findings suggest that degenerative changes occur in UCH, both in adult and juvenile forms.Les aspects micro-anatomiques de l’hyperplasie condylienne unilatérale sont décrits. La surface articulaire montre des fissures bordées par des surélévations ainsi que des globules de 0,5 à 2 µm de diamètre. Dans la zone articulaire on observe des fibres larges et enroulées. La zone proliférative contient des petites cellules rondes. Ces observations suggèrent que des modifications dégénératives surviennent au cours de l’hyperplasie condylienne unilatérale aussi bien dans les formes de l’adulte et que dans les formes juvéniles

Oxygen consumption of rats with broad intestinal resection

The study was performed to investigate possible alterations in oxygen consumption in an animal model with broad intestinal resection. Oxygen consumption and the thermal effect of a short meal were measured in rats subjected to short bowel syndrome. Four groups of rats were used. Group I was the control group, group II was sham operated, group III was submitted to 80% jejunum-ileum resection, and group IV was submitted to 80% jejunum-ileum resection with colon interposition. Ninety days after surgery, oxygen consumption was measured over a period of 6 h with the animals fasted overnight. The thermal effect of feeding was determined in another session of oxygen consumption measurement in animals fasted for 12 h. A 12-kcal meal was then introduced into the animal chamber and oxygen consumption was measured for a further 4 h. No differences in fasting oxygen consumption or in the thermal effect of the meal were detected among the groups studied. It is concluded that short bowel syndrome does not affect the overall energy expenditure of rats.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de FisiologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de CirurgiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de FisiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de CirurgiaSciEL

Left-sided infective endocarditis: analysis of in-hospital and medium-term outcome and predictors of mortality

Abstract Introduction: Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, infective endocarditis (IE) remains a challenging and potentially lethal disease. The prognosis of IE remains poor; in the last 30 years, its incidence and mortality have only been marginally reduced. Early identification of high-risk patients can change the course of the disease and improve outcomes. Objectives and methods: To describe and investigate predictors of mortality during hospital stay and in the six months after discharge in a cohort of left-sided IE patients in two tertiary centers. All patients diagnosed with IE (ICD9 code 133) were registered in a uniform database. Results: One hundred and forty-seven consecutive case patients with left-sided IE were included in this study. Thirty-five patients (23.8%) died during hospital stay. The variables significantly associated with increased mortality in univariate analysis were Charlson index ≥5, use of immunosuppressants, sepsis (severe sepsis and/or septic shock), cardiogenic shock and inappropriate use of antibiotic therapy. Conversely, surgical therapy and hospital length of stay ≥30 days were significantly associated with lower mortality. In multivariate analysis the most important predictors of in-hospital mortality were sepsis (severe and/or shock), use of immunosuppressants and inappropriate use of antibiotic therapy. There was a significant relation between the use of immunosuppressants and the occurrence of sepsis. The presence of significant valve disease after IE significantly increased the risk of heart failure. Conclusions: Our results may help to identify IE patients at increased risk for in-hospital mortality and medium-term disability. These findings can help to identify candidates for earlier and more aggressive management

Diagnóstico Clínico, Laboratorial e Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Grandes Animais

The report aims to describe the activities developed during the supervised traineeship fulfilled in Laboratório de Diagnósticos Zoosanitários Guilherme Dourado in the period from May 16th to 22th July 22nd 2016, totaling 384 hours under the guidance of Dr. Thássia Silva Reis and supervision of the veterinarian Mr. Wilson Dias Brito. During the traineeship, some activities were developed in the areas of Medical, Surgical Clinic, Reproduction and Laboratory Diagnosis of large animals. It was followed 898 clinical care, 20 surgical procedures, 1295 reproductive care and 958 laboratory diagnostics. The supervised traineeship had the personal goal aggrandize and increase the expertise, by the following the the appropriate professional to the area.O relatório tem como objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas durante o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado, realizado integralmente no Laboratório de Diagnósticos Zoosanitários Guilherme Dourado, no período de 16 de maio de 2016 a 22 de julho de 2016, totalizando 384 horas sob orientação da professora Dra. Thássia Silva Reis e supervisão do Médico Veterinário José Wilson Dias Brito. Durante o estágio foram desenvolvidas atividades nas áreas da Clínica Médica, Clínica Cirúrgica, Reprodução e Diagnóstico Laboratorial de grandes animais. Foram acompanhados 898 atendimentos clínicos, 20 procedimentos cirúrgicos, 1295 atendimentos reprodutivos e 958 diagnósticos laboratoriais. O estágio curricular teve como objetivo pessoal engrandecer e ampliar os conhecimentos técnicos, pelo acompanhamento ao profissional competente á área

O cuidado das pessoas com dor lombar crônica e o modelo de cuidado na atenção básica à saúde

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Florianópolis, 2016.Estudo com objetivo de compreender o cuidado às pessoas com Dor Lombar Crônica para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de cuidado na Atenção Básica à Saúde, em um município catarinense. Trata-se de pesquisa de Métodos Mistos com desenho paralelo convergente, integrando um estudo quantitativo transversal com 91 pessoas com Dor Lombar Crônica, e estudo qualitativo, utilizando Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados com 29 participantes (profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica e pessoas com dor lombar crônica). Os dados quantitativos foram coletados utilizando um formulário (dados sociodemográficos, condições de saúde, utilização dos serviços de saúde), o Questionário Roland Morris para avaliar incapacidade funcional, e o The Medical Outcomes Study 36item Short-Form health Survey (SF-36) para avaliar a qualidade de vida. A análise foi realizada através da estatística descritiva e inferencial, para análise dos fatores relacionados com a incapacidade funcional (testes do X2 ou exato de Fisher para associação univariada, e Regressão Logística Hierarquizada, p Abstract : A study to understand the care of people with chronic low back pain for developing a care model in primary health care, in a municipal in the state of Santa Catarina. This is a mixed method research with a converging parallel design, integrating a cross-sectional quantitative study of 91 people with chronic lower back pain and a qualitative study using Grounded Theory with 29 participants (health professionals in primary care and people with chronic lower back pain). Quantitative data were collected using a form (sociodemographic data, health status, use of health services). The Roland Morris questionnaire was used to assess functional disability, and The Medical Outcomes Study 36 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) for assessing quality of life. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, in order to analyze the factors related to disability (Fisher's exact test or X2 for univariate association, and Hierarchical logistic regression, p <0.05, for multivariate analysis). Qualitative data were collected through observation and interviews, and analyzed by encoding: initial, selective and focused. After approval was granted from the Ethics Committee in the institution. Data collection occurred from September 2014 to October 2015. The figures showed that the main factors associated with disability were age (adult), employment status (inactive) and no physical activity. In the qualitative study, evidence of the phenomenon: "Taking care of the person with Chronic Low Back Pain in Primary Care", is supported by 8 categories and 27 subcategories. The link between the categories shows that care is structured in a dynamic and complex context of primary care, through the interaction between health professionals and the people with chronic low back pain being shaped by ideas and beliefs that both have in relation to this condition and in relation to the care required. The same is organized by the flow of services in primary care and in the other areas of attention and is developed through care strategies (relational, instrumental, educational, therapeutic and managerial), and is influenced by factors related to: structure and organization of primary care services and the relationship with other points of attention and sectors (social security, labor,education). The care outcomes are associated with people's expectations regarding the complete resolution of pain and, despite having a positive effect in controlling symptoms, it is not considered sufficient for people. The integration of data was used to support the thesis that the care of people with chronic low back pain in primary care needs to be implemented while considering the characteristics and context of life; and also the multidimensionality and the implications of the chronicity of this condition in the living process. The current model has limitations in relation to the organization and care resolution, but it is favorable for the care of people with chronic low back pain due to its potential and care proposal guided by comprehensiveness and health promotion

Profile of ostomy patients: integrative review of the literature

Uma análise acerca do perfil de estomizados, através de estudos multicêntricos que retratem as características específicas desses pacientes, contribui para o atendimento de suas reais necessidades e para o direcionamento de políticas públicas e de saúde para melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa clientela. Este estudo objetiva investigar a produção científica acerca do perfil de pacientes estomizados, no período de 2004 a 2012. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada por meio de busca eletrônica nas bases: Lilacs, Scielo, Bdenf e na Revista Estima, por tratar-se de um periódico especializado da Sociedade Brasileira de Estomaterapia. Fizeram parte da amostra dez artigos que contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. Identificou-se que todos os estudos foram realizados no Brasil, em estados e regiões diversas e a grande maioria por enfermeiros. O perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico dos estomizados mostra prevalência do sexo feminino, com predomínio de adultos e idosos, o câncer colorretal como principal causa para realização do estoma, e a colostomia como tipo de estomia predominante. Verifica-se que o foco desta temática ainda apresenta uma produção científica incipiente, com estudos pontuais, pouco abrangentes e baixa regularidade. Sugere-se que sejam realizados novos estudos para subsidiar uma melhor qualificação da assistência ao usuário.Mediante el análisis sobre el perfil de ostomía en los estudios multicéntricos que describen las características específicas de estos pacientes ostomizados, se contribuye a la satisfacción de sus necesidades reales y la focalización de las políticas públicas y de salud para mejorar la calidad de vida de los mismos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar el perfil científico de los pacientes ostomizados en el período 2004-2012. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada por una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos: Lilacs, scielo, Bdenf y la revista estima, porque es una revista especializada de la Sociedad Brasileña de Estomaterapia. La muestra estuvo conformada por diez artículos que contemplan los criterios de inclusión. Todos los estudios se llevaron a cabo en Brasil en diversos estados y regiones y la gran mayoría de las enfermeras. La prevalencia sociodemográfica y epidemiológica de los pacientes ostomizados muestra predominio femenino de adultos mayores, el cáncer colorrectal es la causa principal para la realización del estoma y colostomía como el tipo predominante de ostomía. Parece que el enfoque de este tema sigue aún en un período de relativa a infancia científica, con estudios de escasa y baja regularidad. Se sugiere que otros estudios se llevaron a cabo con la finalidad de apoyar un mejor cuidado de la salud del usuario.An analysis on the profile of ostomy, multicenter studies that portray the specific characteristics of these patients, contributes to meeting their real needs and the targeting of public policies and health to improve the quality of life for these clients. This study aims to investigate the scientific profile about ostomy patients in the period 2004-2012. It is an integrative literature review performed by an electronic search in databases: Lilacs, Scielo, and Bdenf Magazine estimated, because it is a specialized journal of the Brazilian Society of Stomatherapy. The sample consisted of ten articles which contemplated the inclusion criteria. It was found that all studies were conducted in Brazil in various states and regions and the vast majority of nurses. The sociodemographic and epidemiological prevalence of ostomy shows female predominance of older adults, colorectal cancer as the main cause for the realization of the stoma and colostomy as the predominant type of ostomy. It appears that the focus of this issue is still of scientific infancy, with specific studies, little comprehensive and low regularity. It is suggested that further studies be conducted to support improved health care user

Prognostic Biomarkers and EBV Infection Research in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Palatine Tonsils

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma represents approximately 30%–40% of all diagnoses of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and may represent up to 80% of all lymphomas that arise in the palatine tonsils. Several studies have attempted to correlate clinical, laboratorial, and tissue factors with the prognosis of the lymphomas, such as the International Prognostic Index, the tissue expression of some proteins, and the lymphocyte count at the time of diagnosis, as well as to correlate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with worse prognoses. Patients with palatine tonsil DLBCL, from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, were studied in order to identify prognostic factors. Twenty-four patients with DLBCL were studied. The factors that negatively influenced the patients' survival rates were the lymphocyte count at the time of diagnosis <1.000/mm3 and the Bcl-2 protein expression. There was no CD5 expression in these lymphomas, and neither was there an association with EBV infection