24 research outputs found
E-commerse Project Design in PT. Latoka Minarya
In writing this paper discusses the design of e-commerce project that would apply to companies engaged in maritime, where the sales made by companies other than sold to Indonesia also imported abroad. So it required a project design e_commerce to enable customers to obtain information. The writer tries to design an e-Commerce project into a concept view website. First the authors analyze the current system flowchart documents in the company, then the author tries to create a system that can facilitate the company in handling the product offering, namely through the internet along with an initial capital of thinking as an estimate, and project schedule. It is expected that after this project made the company can make it easier to exchange information to subscribers
Pengaruh Metode Pembelejaran Diskusi Buzzgroup terhadap Keaktifan dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa
This study was conducted to determine the effect of buzz group discussion learning methods on the activeness and learning achievement of physics in class VIII of SMPN 4 Praya Barat Daya 2015/2016 Academic Year. The type of research used in this study is a kind of quasi-experimental research. The population in this study were all eighth-grade students totaling 38 people consisting of class VIII A totaling 20 people as the experimental class and class VIII B totaling 18 people as the control class with the sampling technique used was a saturated sampling technique. The instruments used are valid observation and test sheets both in content, construct, and empirical with a value of 3.34; 3.40; and 3.23, and reliable with the value of Ξ±Cronbach = 0.608. The results of this study were also able to influence the achievement of learning physics. Based on statistical calculations using the ttest test, the value of tcount = 23.00 is greater than t table = 2.02 (t count = 23.00> t table = 2.02). Thus, it can be concluded that there is the influence of buzz group discussion learning methods on the activeness and learning achievement of physics in class VIII Praya Barat Daya SMP 4 2015/2016 Academic Year
Perbandingan Pupasi Dua Jenis Kupu-kupu Troides Helena Dan Pachliopta Aristolochiae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
T. helena dan P. aristolochiae merupakan spesies kupu-kupu yang memakan tanaman pakan yang sama (Aristolochia tagala) pada fase larva. Ketika akan memasuki fase pupa, larva kupu-kupu T. helena dan P. aristolochiae mengalami pupasi yang diawali dengan aktifnya hormon prothoracicotropic (PTTH) yang memicu larva untuk berhenti makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tahapan dan waktu yang dibutuhkan dari awal pupasi hingga terbentuk pupa dari dua jenis kupu-kupu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2016 di Taman Kupu-kupu Gita Persada Lampung. Sepuluh larva instar terakhir T. helena dan P. aristolochiae hasil penangkaran diamati aktivitasnya setiap satu jam hingga terbentuk pupa, serta pengukuran panjang benang dan penimbangan berat pupa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif, uji t (Independent Sample Test), dan analisis korelasi untuk panjang benang dan berat pupa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada awal memasuki pupasi, larva instar terakhir T. helena dan P. aristolochiae memiliki aktivitas yang sama, yaitu berhenti makan dan mencari tempat yang cocok yang akan digunakan sebagai tempat menggantung. Larva memendekkan tubuhnya, membuat benang, menggantung dan kemudian membentuk pupa. Pembuatan benang T. helena dan P. aristolochiae terjadi pada malam hari. Hasil analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata lama pupasi kupu-kupu T. helena dan P. aristolochiae berbeda nyata ( < 0,03), rata- rata pupasi T. helena 4,8 jam lebih lama dibandingkan P. aristolochiae. Adanya korelasi positif antara panjang benang dan berat dengan nilai r T. helena : 0,94 dan r P. aristolochiae : 0, 6
BIJI MINDI (Melia azedarach L.) SATU ALTERNATIF PENGENDALI ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura F.) DAN KUTU DAM KEDELAI (Aphis glycines Mats.)
Telah dicoba menggunakan biji mindi, Melia azedarach untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam menekan populasi hama kedelai yaitu ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F. dan kutu daun kedelai Aphis glycines Mats. Dibuat dua seri larutan yang disiapkan dari biji mindi segar dan ekstraknya yang diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan etanol.
Pengujian larutan seri dilakukan terhadap hama-hama tersebut dengan mengamati mortalitas dan kemauan makan setelah 24 jam perlakuan.
Biji mindi segar dan ekstraknya mengurangi kemauan makan ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F. Pengaruh biji mind! segar dalam mengurangi kemauan makan ulat grayak lebih nyata dibanΓΒ¬dingkan dengan ekstrak biji mindi.
Biji mindi segar dan ekstraknya bersifat toksik terhadap ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F. dan kutu daun kedelai Aphis glycines Mats.
Biji mindi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pengenΓΒ¬dali ulat grayak dan kutu daun kedelai. Pemanfaatan biji mindi sebagai pengendali hama lebih dianjurkan dalam bentuk segar mengingat segi praktis dan ekonomis. Aplikasi biji mindi untuk pengendalian hama dilapangan perlu diteliti lebih lanjut
Computational design of disulfide cyclic peptide as potential inhibitor of complex NS2B-NS3 dengue virus protease
Development of genomic and proteomic studies coupled with computational sciences could facilitate the discovery of various target proteins and potential inhibitor to be developed as drugs. Several researches by molecular docking method have been conducted to design disulfide cyclic peptide ligand as potential inhibitors for NS2B-NS3 protease (NS2B-NS3 pro) of dengue virus serotype DENV-2 in order to inhibit replication of dengue virus. This research studied and evaluated the interaction of ligands and the enzyme in the hydrate state using molecular dynamics simulations at two different temperatures. Simulations were performed using two disulfide cyclic peptide inhibitors KRK and RKR, along with one linear peptide Bz-Nle-K-R-R-H as standard ligand. The result shows that dynamic movement of three proposed ligand in hydrated state affects ligand interactions. RKR ligand has the best affinity with the enzyme than KRK and standard ligand. This is shown by the ligand interaction with enzyme active site which remains stable during the simulation. At the end of simulation 300 K, RKR formed a hydrogen bond with Asp75 and at the end of simulation 312 K, RKR also maintained hydrogen bond with Asp75Key words: Dengue virus (DENV), serine protease NS2B and NS3, molecular docking, molecular dynamics
Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Eksposisi Siswa Kelas VII SMP Babussalam Pekanbaru
This study discusses the ability of reading comprehension text Exposition grade VII SMP Babussalam Pekanbaru. As for the problems in this research is how the ability to read text understanding the exposition consists of four aspects, namely title, thesis, argument, and repeated the assertion. The methods used in this research is descriptive method quantitative research with samples as much as 41 students in grades VII SMP Babussalam Pekanbaru. The technique of collecting data in this study is to provide an objective test (multiple choice) to research samples, and then pass judgment in accordance with the results of the students' answers, and last, find the percentage for every aspect of reading comprehension text exposition as well as count. Based on research results, obtained summary that (1) the ability to specify the title of the category is with average 73,17, (2) ability to determine the low average category thesis 65,24, (3) the ability to determine the argument category low average 64,23, (4) the ability to determine an affirmation repeated low average 65,85 categories. Overall, the ability of reading comprehension text Exposition grade VII SMP Babussalam Pekanbaru category low with the average 67,12
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. Learning mathematics from home during the COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for both parents and students to manage to engage in learning. Therefore, it is important to examine the involvement of parents in learning mathematics from home and studentsβ mathematics self-concepts and their relationship to mathematics performance. Aim. This study is aimed to analyse parental involvement and studentsβ mathematical self-concept, the relationship between the two, and their effect on studentsβ mathematical performance in online learning. Methodology and research methods. A cross-sectional survey was used to achieve the research objectives. There were 56 elementary school students in rural areas who were involved in this study. To assess parental involvement and mathematics self-concept, the authors employed questionnaires. Meanwhile, the results of the mid-semester test were used to assess student math performance. The answers to the research questions were reported using descriptive analysis, correlation, regression, and the t-test. Results. Based on the results of the analysis, parental involvement, both in terms of support and control aspects, has a significant influence on mathematics performance. On the other hand, mathematics self-concept and performance positively influence each other. The findings of the present research also show that the gender group and grade level group did not have significant differences for each variable. Practical significance. This study has implications for schools to maximise parental involvement in their childrenβs mathematics learning effectively. Communication between schools, teachers, and children, in particular, becomes critical to maximise childrenβs potential, including their math self-concept.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ COVID-19 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 56 ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ t-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ», ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅.The authors would like to thank all participants for their time and willingness to participate in the survey. Grateful thanks are also extended to the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive suggestions on a draft of this paper.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΈΡ
Π²Π΄ΡΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ