37 research outputs found
Leptonic and Semileptonic Decays of Charm and Bottom Hadrons
We review the experimental measurements and theoretical descriptions of
leptonic and semileptonic decays of particles containing a single heavy quark,
either charm or bottom. Measurements of bottom semileptonic decays are used to
determine the magnitudes of two fundamental parameters of the standard model,
the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements and . These
parameters are connected with the physics of quark flavor and mass, and they
have important implications for the breakdown of CP symmetry. To extract
precise values of and from measurements, however,
requires a good understanding of the decay dynamics. Measurements of both charm
and bottom decay distributions provide information on the interactions
governing these processes. The underlying weak transition in each case is
relatively simple, but the strong interactions that bind the quarks into
hadrons introduce complications. We also discuss new theoretical approaches,
especially heavy-quark effective theory and lattice QCD, which are providing
insights and predictions now being tested by experiment. An international
effort at many laboratories will rapidly advance knowledge of this physics
during the next decade.Comment: This review article will be published in Reviews of Modern Physics in
the fall, 1995. This file contains only the abstract and the table of
contents. The full 168-page document including 47 figures is available at
http://charm.physics.ucsb.edu/papers/slrevtex.p
High-temperature deformation behavior of a gamma TiAl alloy-microstructural evolution and mechanisms
The present investigation was carried out in the context of the internal-variable theory of inelastic deformation and the dynamic-materials model (DMM), to shed light on the high-temperature deformation mechanisms in TiAl. A series of load-relaxation tests and tensile tests were conducted on a fine-grained duplex gamma TiAl alloy at temperatures ranging from 800 degreesC to 1050 degreesC. Results of the load-relaxation tests, in which the deformation took place at an infinitesimal level (epsilon congruent to 0.05), showed that the deformation behavior of the alloy was well described by the sum of dislocation-glide and dislocation-climb processes. To investigate the deformation behavior of the fine-grained duplex gamma TiAl alloy at a finite strain level, processing maps were constructed on the basis of a DMM. For this purpose, compression tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 800 degreesC to 1250 degreesC using strain rates ranging from 10 to 10(-4)/s. Two domains were identified and characterized in the processing maps obtained at finite strain levels (0.2 and 0.6). One domain was found in the region of 980 degreesC and 10(-3)/s with a peak efficiency (maximum efficiency of power dissipation) of 48 pct and was identified as a domain of dynamic recrystallization (DRx) from microstructural observations. Another domain with a peak efficiency of 64 pct was located in the region of 1250 degreesC and 10(-4)/s and was considered to be a domain of superplasticity.ope
How To Find Charm in Nuclear Collisions at RHIC and LHC
Measurements of dilepton production from charm decay and Drell-Yan processes
respectively probe the gluon and sea quark distributions in hadronic
collisions. In nucleus-nucleus collisions, these hard scattering processes
constitute a `background' to thermal contributions from the hot matter produced
by the collision. To determine the magnitude and behavior of this background,
we calculate the hard scattering contribution to dilepton production in nuclear
collisions at RHIC and LHC at next to leading order in perturbative QCD.
Invariant mass, rapidity and transverse momentum distributions are presented.
We compare these results to optimistic hydrodynamic estimates of the thermal
dilepton production. We find that charm production from hard scattering is by
far the dominant contribution. Experiments therefore can measure the gluon
distribution in the nuclear target and projectile and, consequently, can
provide new information on gluon shadowing. We then illustrate how experimental
cuts on the rapidity gap between the leptons can aid in reducing the charm
background, thereby enhancing thermal information.Comment: 32 pages, latex, 19 figure
Physics with the KLOE-2 experiment at the upgraded DANE
Investigation at a --factory can shed light on several debated issues
in particle physics. We discuss: i) recent theoretical development and
experimental progress in kaon physics relevant for the Standard Model tests in
the flavor sector, ii) the sensitivity we can reach in probing CPT and Quantum
Mechanics from time evolution of entangled kaon states, iii) the interest for
improving on the present measurements of non-leptonic and radiative decays of
kaons and eta/eta mesons, iv) the contribution to understand the
nature of light scalar mesons, and v) the opportunity to search for narrow
di-lepton resonances suggested by recent models proposing a hidden dark-matter
sector. We also report on the physics in the continuum with the
measurements of (multi)hadronic cross sections and the study of gamma gamma
processes.Comment: 60 pages, 41 figures; added affiliation for one of the authors; added
reference to section
Campilobacteriose genital bovina e tricomonose genital bovina: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e controle
Non-invasive determination of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography and electrical bioimpedance
Anticorpos neutralizantes contra os vírus da cinomose e da parainfluenza em cães de canis dos municípios de Novo Hamburgo e Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil Neutralizing antibodies to distemper and parainfluenza viruses in dogs in shelter kennels in the municipalities of Novo Hamburgo and Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
No presente estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa em busca de anticorpos neutralizantes contra os vírus da cinomose (CDV) e da parainfluenza (CPIV) caninos em amostras de soro de 173 cães recolhidos a canis municipais em Novo Hamburgo (n=82) e Porto Alegre (n=91), RS. A pesquisa de anticorpos neutralizantes foi realizada pela técnica de soroneutralização frente a duas amostras vacinais de CDV (Rockborn e Snyder Hill) e frente a uma amostra de CPIV (V660). Em relação ao CDV, 95,9% das amostras de soros foram negativas para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a amostra Snyder Hill e 90,7% soronegativas para a amostra Rockborn. Entre os soropositivos (n=20; 11,6%), somente três deles apresentaram anticorpos neutralizantes frente às duas amostras de CDV testadas, indicando pouca reatividade cruzada entre as mesmas. Quanto ao CPIV, a prevalência de anticorpos neutralizantes encontrada frente à amostra V660 foi de 51,4%. Esses achados indicam que a maioria dos cães examinados não teve contato prévio com o CDV, seja por infecção natural ou por imunização prévia. O CPIV, porém, parece estar amplamente difundido na população canina examinada, provavelmente por exposição natural ao vírus.<br>In this report a serological survey was carried out in search for antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) in 173 sera from dogs withdraw in kennels of the municipalities of Novo Hamburgo (n=82) and Porto Alegre (n=91), RS, Brazil. Neutralizing antibodies were evaluated against two CDV strains used for vaccine production (Rockborn and Snyder Hill) as well as one strain of CPIV (V660). Search for anti-CDV neutralizing antibodies revealed that 95.9% of sera were negative for antibodies to CDV Snyder Hill and 90.7% were negative for antibodies to CDV Rockborn. Among the positive sera (n=20; 11.6 %) only three of those had neutralizing antibodies to both CDV strains, indicating a low degree of cross reactivity between those. As regards CPIV, neutralizing antibodies to V660 were detected in 51.4% of sera. These findings suggest that the majority of the dogs from the populations examined in the present study had not previous contact with CDV, either by natural infection or by previous immunization. CPIV, on its turn, seem to be widespread within these populations, most likely by natural exposure to the virus