31 research outputs found
O toplinskoj vodljivosti idealnog kristala
The lattice thermoconductivity of an ideal crystal is obtained as a function of temperature by using a radiation-like description of the heat carriers (Debye phonons).Opisujući nosioce topline (Debyeve fonone) analogno ponašanju fotona dobivena je temperaturna ovisnost toplinske vodljivosti rešetke u idealnom kristalu
The Navier-Stokes equation and a fully developed turbulence
In fairly general conditions we give explicit (smooth) solutions for the
potential flow. We show that, rigorously speaking, the equations of the fluid
mechanics have not rotational solutions. However, within the usual
approximations of an incompressible fluid and an isentropic flow, the remaining
Navier-Stokes equation has approximate vorticial (rotational) solutions,
generated by viscosity. In general, the vortices are unstable, and a discrete
distribution of vorticial solutions is not in mechanical equilibrium; it forms
an unstable vorticial liquid. On the other hand, these solutions may exhibit
turbulent, fluctuating instabilities for large variations of the velocity over
short distances. We represent a fully developed turbulence as a homogeneous,
isotropic and highly-fluctuating distribution of singular centres of
turbulence. A regular mean flow can be included. In these circumstances the
Navier-Stokes equation exhibits three time scales. The equations of the mean
flow can be disentangled from the equations of the fluctuating part, which is
reduced to a vanishing inertial term. This latter equation is not satisfied
after averaging out the temporal fluctuations. However, for a homogeneous and
isotropic distribution of non-singular turbulence centres the equation for the
inertial term is satisfied trivially, i.e. both the average fluctuating
velocity and the average fluctuating inertial term are zero. If the velocity is
singular at the turbulence centres, we are left with a quasi-ideal classical
gas of singularities, or a solution of singularities in quasi thermal
equilibrium in the background fluid. This is an example of an emergent
dynamics. We give three examples of vorticial liquids.Comment: 33 page
Against the Tide. A Critical Review by Scientists of How Physics and Astronomy Get Done
Nobody should have a monopoly of the truth in this universe. The censorship and suppression of challenging ideas against the tide of mainstream research, the blacklisting of scientists, for instance, is neither the best way to do and filter science, nor to promote progress in the human knowledge. The removal of good and novel ideas from the scientific stage is very detrimental to the pursuit of the truth. There are instances in which a mere unqualified belief can occasionally be converted into a generally accepted scientific theory through the screening action of refereed literature and meetings planned by the scientific organizing committees and through the distribution of funds controlled by "club opinions". It leads to unitary paradigms and unitary thinking not necessarily associated to the unique truth. This is the topic of this book: to critically analyze the problems of the official (and sometimes illicit) mechanisms under which current science (physics and astronomy in particular) is being administered and filtered today, along with the onerous consequences these mechanisms have on all of us.\ud
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The authors, all of them professional researchers, reveal a pessimistic view of the miseries of the actual system, while a glimmer of hope remains in the "leitmotiv" claim towards the freedom in doing research and attaining an acceptable level of ethics in science
SUMO-2 and PIAS1 Modulate Insoluble Mutant Huntingtin Protein Accumulation
SUMMARY A key feature in Huntington disease (HD) is the accumulation of mutant Huntingtin (HTT) protein, which may be regulated by posttranslational modifications. Here, we define the primary sites of SUMO modification in the amino-terminal domain of HTT, show modification downstream of this domain, and demonstrate that HTT is modified by the stress-inducible SUMO-2. A systematic study of E3 SUMO ligases demonstrates that PIAS1 is an E3 SUMO ligase for both HTT SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 modification and that reduction of dPIAS in a mutant HTT Drosophila model is protective. SUMO-2 modification regulates accumulation of insoluble HTT in HeLa cells in a manner that mimics proteasome inhibition and can be modulated by overexpression and acute knockdown of PIAS1. Finally, the accumulation of SUMO-2-modified proteins in the insoluble fraction of HD postmortem striata implicates SUMO-2 modification in the age-related pathogenic accumulation of mutant HTT and other cellular proteins that occurs during HD progression