Rutas epistémicas y pedagógicas de la primera violencia en la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales: entre la memoria oficial y las otras memorias

Este documento presenta el desarrollo y conclusiones de la investigación realizada por el grupo Cyberia en la línea investigativa de memoria y conflicto del Instituto para la Paz, la Pedagogía y el Conflicto de la Universidad Distrital (Ipazud), titulado “La primera violencia en la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales, entre la memoria oficial y otras memorias”, llevado a cabo de noviembre de 2007 a marzo de 2009 en seis instituciones educativas de Bogotá. El propósito de la investigación fue establecer el abordaje epistémico y pedagógico de la primera violencia en la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales, así como evidenciar el lugar de esta área en el debate actual entre la memoria oficial y otras memorias. En el proyecto participaron cuatro instituciones oficiales de la ciudad1 y dos instituciones privadas, todas de características diferentes. El itinerario metodológico de la investigación tomó como base las configuraciones trazadas por el enfoque genealógico-arqueológico, a partir del cual se diseñaron cuatro estrategias de recolección y análisis de la información: investigación documental, análisis de contenido, observación no participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas

La enseñanza de la primera violencia: lo político y lo epistémico en las prácticas del docente de ciencias sociales

This article poses a problematization and a questioning of the methodological reduction that has been established around the teaching profession, both in the field of teaching social sciences and in the educational environment itself, in which a new generation of university graduates has been trained with referents from discourses about innovation that were part of the education reform of 1994, based more on educators’ use of novel “didactic” tools (video-forums cine-forums, diskforums, workshops and guides), than on actually knowing that discourses are continuously being constructed and resignified and on the political options developed around this knowledge. The discussion presented here proposes to develop a case study within the perspective of analysis of the practice of teaching about the first period of political violence in Colombia, at two levels. The first level corresponds to the epistemic foundations of educators, and the second to their political positioning. The authors consider these levels essential for teaching social sciences and for educators’ practice.Este artículo plantea una problematización y cuestionamiento a la reducción metodológica que se ha instaurado en torno a la profesión docente, tanto en el campo de la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales como en el ámbito educativo, en la cual se establece una nueva condición de existencia de los licenciados fundamentada en los discursos de la innovación que intervinieron en la reforma educativa de 1994, basados en la utilización de herramientas “didácticas” novedosas por los docentes (video-foros, cine-foros, disco-foros talleres y guías), más que en el saber propio que éstos construyen y resiginifican continuamente y en sus apuestas políticas en torno a dicho saber. Para la discusión presentada, se propone como caso avanzar en una perspectiva de análisis de la práctica de enseñanza de la primera violencia en el país desde dos niveles: el primero corresponde a la fundamentación epistémica de los docentes y el segundo a su posicionamiento político; niveles que son considerados por los autores como campos primordiales para la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales y para las prácticas de los docentes

Processos de formação e aprendizagem políticos dos camponeses da anuc na região dos Montes de María: uma leitura geracional

The article analyzes the training processes and the political learnings of three generations of farmers from the region known as Maria´s Mounts (Montes de Maria) who have belonged to anuc (National Association of Farming users). It proposes three reflections: recognizing the social organizations as formative sceneries where subjectivities are built, making visible anuc as a fight referent for the farmers of this region and making evident the continuities, breaks and generational turns presented in the training processes of those people who have been members of such organization in the past and today.El artículo analiza los procesos de formación y los aprendizajes políticos de tres generaciones de campesinos de la región de los Montes de María articulados a la Asociación Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos (anuc), a partir de tres reflexiones: reconocer las organizaciones sociales como escenarios formativos en los cuales se constituyen subjetividades; visibilizar la anuc como referente de lucha para los campesinos en la región de los Montes de María; y evidenciar las continuidades, rupturas y giros generacionales que presentan los procesos de formación de quienes se han articulado en el pasado y en el presente a esta organización.O artigo analisa os processos de formação e as aprendizagens políticas de três gerações de camponeses, da região dos Montes de María, articulados à Asociación Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos (anuc), a partir de três reflexões: reconhecer as organizações sociais como cenários formativos nos quais se constituem subjetividades; visibilizar a anuc como referente de luta para camponeses desta região; e evidenciar as continuidades, rupturas e viradas geracionais que se apresentam nos processos de formação de quem articulou-se no passado e no presente em tal organização

Memórias do exílio político no conflito armado na Colômbia: contribuições para o pós-acordo

The article presents the research "Memoirs of political exile in Colombia 1980-2010", which sought to understand exile as one of the acts of victimization of the armed conflict, recognizing oral memory as the axis that articulates memory and political action. The research was oriented from a qualitative approach, resorting to methodological tools such as the documentary record, interviews and focus groups. The analysis and processing of the information was made from a critical discourse analysis, using analysis matrices. The article discusses the results of the research process regarding the current situation, in which there are tensions in the compliance and implementation of the peace agreement signed between the FARC and the national government.El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación “Memorias del exilio político en Colombia 1980-2010”, esta buscó comprender el exilio como parte de los hechos victimizantes del conflicto, reconociendo la memoria oral como eje articulador del recuerdo y la acción política. La investigación se orientó desde el enfoque cualitativo, acudiendo en el proceso metodológico a herramientas como el registro documental, entrevistas y grupos focales. El examen y procesamiento de la información se realizó a partir del análisis crítico del discurso, recurriendo a matrices de análisis. El documento pone en discusión los resultados del proceso de investigación vinculados a la coyuntura actual, en la que existen tensiones en el cumplimiento e implementación del acuerdo de paz firmado entre las Farc-Ep y el Gobierno nacional.O artigo apresenta os resultados da investigação “Memorias del exilio político en Colombia 1980-2010”, esta procurou compreender o exílio como parte dos fatos vitimadores do conflito, reconhecendo a memória oral como eixo articulador da lembrança e a ação política. A investigação se orientou desde o foco qualitativo, indo no processo metodológico a ferramentas como o registro documental, entrevistas e grupos focais. O exame e processo da informação se realizou a partir da análise crítico do discurso, indo a matrizes de análise. O documento põe em discussão os resultados do processo de investigação vinculados à conjuntura atual, na que existem tensões no cumprimento e implementação do acordo de paz assinado entre as Farc-Ep e o Governo nacional

Pituicitoma Reporte de caso y revisión de literatura

Pituicytoma is a rare glial tumour located in the sellar and/or suprasellar region of the brain, it originates from pituicytes, and they were included in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours in 2017. As mentioned above it originates from pituicytes cells in the posterior pituitary near the infundibulum. Histological characteristics permits classification and identification among other central nervous system tumours localized in the posterior pituitary or infundibulum. WHO classification describes them as grades such as grade I tumour which has a differentiated structure composed of spindle-shaped cells presumably derived from pituicytes. We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who developed a suprasellar tumour and that it was discovered following a past medical history of amenorrhoea and migraines. Once the lesion was detected in images, the patient rejected surgical treatment even when she developed galactorrhea and preferred medical treatment with cabergoline. However, two years later she developed visual defects due to increase in size by that time accepting surgical treatment. A review of the literature including most common clinical and radiological features of this entity as well as treatment protocols proposed are discussed

Eficacia y tolerabilidad de Nitazoxanida para parasitismo intestinal en escolares atendidos en el Centro de Salud de la Universidad del Quindío

Objective: To describe the effectiveness of the intestinal antiparasitic treatment given to children ranging between 4 and 9 years old that were attended in the Health Center of the University of Quindío in the period of July 2017 and March 2018.  Materials and methods: Prospective observational study. Data were extracted from medical records of patients with an age range of 4 to 9 years, who consulted at the Health Center of the University of Quindío and were diagnosed through coprological tests with Blastocystis and Giardiasis. The clinical records were selected by whose treatment was done with Nitazoxanide or Albendazole with coprological results of post-treatment check-up. Descriptive statistics are presented along with percentage of efficacy and tolerability. Results: From 15 children treated with Nitazoxanide, 10 responded to the treatment, who presented no parasites in the coprological check-up. The remaining population presented some type of parasitic infection (n = 5). With an efficiency of 83,3% (IC95% 32 – 82%) in blastocystis, and 57,1% (IC95% 32 – 82%) in giardiasis. Conclusion: Percentage results similar to those reported in the literature were evidenced, being more effective in blastocystis than in giardiasis.Objetivo: Describir la efectividad del tratamiento antiparasitario intestinal brindado a niños de cuatro a nueve años atendidos en el centro de Salud de la Universidad del Quindío entre  Julio de 2017 a marzo de 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Se extrajeron datos de historias clínicas de pacientes con rango de edad de 4 a 9 años, quienes consultaron en el Centro de Salud de la Universidad del Quindío y se diagnosticaron mediante coprológico con blastocistosis o giardiasis. Se seleccionaron las historias cuyo tratamiento fuese Nitazoxanida y tuviesen un coprológico control postratamiento. Se presentan estadísticas descriptivas; porcentaje de eficacia y tolerabilidad. Resultados: De 15 niños tratados con Nitazoxanida, respondieron al tratamiento 10, en quienes no se hallaron parásitos en el coprológico control. Con una eficacia del 83,3% (IC95% 60 – 100) en blastocistosis,  57,1% (IC95% 32 – 82%) en giardiasis. Conclusión: Se evidenciaron resultados porcentuales similares a los reportados en la literatura, siendo más eficaz en blastocisotisis que en giardiasis

Eficacia y tolerabilidad de Nitazoxanida para parasitismo intestinal en escolares atendidos en el Centro de Salud de la Universidad del Quindío

Objective: To describe the effectiveness of the intestinal antiparasitic treatment given to children ranging between 4 and 9 years old that were attended in the Health Center of the University of Quindío in the period of July 2017 and March 2018.  Materials and methods: Prospective observational study. Data were extracted from medical records of patients with an age range of 4 to 9 years, who consulted at the Health Center of the University of Quindío and were diagnosed through coprological tests with Blastocystis and Giardiasis. The clinical records were selected by whose treatment was done with Nitazoxanide or Albendazole with coprological results of post-treatment check-up. Descriptive statistics are presented along with percentage of efficacy and tolerability. Results: From 15 children treated with Nitazoxanide, 10 responded to the treatment, who presented no parasites in the coprological check-up. The remaining population presented some type of parasitic infection (n = 5). With an efficiency of 83,3% (IC95% 32 – 82%) in blastocystis, and 57,1% (IC95% 32 – 82%) in giardiasis. Conclusion: Percentage results similar to those reported in the literature were evidenced, being more effective in blastocystis than in giardiasis.Objetivo: Describir la efectividad del tratamiento antiparasitario intestinal brindado a niños de cuatro a nueve años atendidos en el centro de Salud de la Universidad del Quindío entre  Julio de 2017 a marzo de 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Se extrajeron datos de historias clínicas de pacientes con rango de edad de 4 a 9 años, quienes consultaron en el Centro de Salud de la Universidad del Quindío y se diagnosticaron mediante coprológico con blastocistosis o giardiasis. Se seleccionaron las historias cuyo tratamiento fuese Nitazoxanida y tuviesen un coprológico control postratamiento. Se presentan estadísticas descriptivas; porcentaje de eficacia y tolerabilidad. Resultados: De 15 niños tratados con Nitazoxanida, respondieron al tratamiento 10, en quienes no se hallaron parásitos en el coprológico control. Con una eficacia del 83,3% (IC95% 60 – 100) en blastocistosis,  57,1% (IC95% 32 – 82%) en giardiasis. Conclusión: Se evidenciaron resultados porcentuales similares a los reportados en la literatura, siendo más eficaz en blastocisotisis que en giardiasis

Professores e saberes escolares das ciências sociais: a avaliação como mandato curricular

The Ministry of National Education (men) and the National Pedagogical University (upn), established an agreement in 2019, in which one of their purposes was the systematization of the work tables with professors of Social Sciences and history, the purpose of which was to project recommendations for updating the social sciences curricular guidelines, integrating history, within the framework of Law 1874 of 2017. In the framework of what was agreed, an investigative process was carried out that consisted in the elaboration of a state of the art on academic references about the teaching of history and social sciences in Colombia, as well as the realization of two discussion tables and work with teachers from the area at the national level. Teachers from Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Arauca, Florencia, Ibagué, Riohacha, Pasto, and Maicao participated in these tables, as well as representatives of organizations such as cinep, the Oral History Collective, and representatives of the National Center for Historical Memory. These actors contributed with their experiences and reflections in the construction of recommendations that were collected in the final document of the study and that have allowed to problematize the school curriculum of social sciences. In this article,we return to some reflections derived from this research process focused on three aspects: the place of the teacher in the social sciences curriculum, the tensional relationships between the national assessment system and the curriculum, and the debates on school knowledge.El Ministerio de Educación Nacional (men) y la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (upn), establecieron un convenio en el año 2019, en el cual uno de sus propósitos fue la sistematización de las mesas de trabajo con profesores y profesoras de Ciencias Sociales e Historia las cuales tenían como finalidad proyectar recomendaciones para la actualización de los lineamientos curriculares de ciencias sociales integrando la historia, en el marco de la Ley 1874 de 2017. En el marco de lo convenido, se adelantó un proceso investigativo que consistió en la elaboración de un estado del arte sobre referentes académicos acerca de la enseñanza de la historia y las ciencias sociales en Colombia, así como la realización de dos mesas de discusión y trabajo con docentes del área a nivel nacional. En dichas mesas participaron docentes de Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Arauca, Florencia, Ibagué, Riohacha, Pasto y Maicao, así como representantes de organizaciones como el cinep, el Colectivo de Historia Oral y representantes del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. Estos actores contribuyeron con sus experiencias y reflexiones en la construcción de recomendaciones que fueron recogidas en el documento final del estudio y que han permitido problematizar el currículo escolar de ciencias sociales. En este artículo retomamos algunas reflexiones derivadas de este proceso investigativo centradas en tres aspectos: el lugar del docente en el currículo de ciencias sociales, las relaciones tensionales entre el sistema de evaluación nacional y el currículo y los debates sobre los saberes escolares.O Ministério da Educação Nacional (men) e a Universidade Pedagógica Nacional (upn), estabeleceram um convênio em 2019, no qual uma de suas finalidades era a sistematização das mesas de trabalho com professores e professoras de Ciências Sociais e História, cuja finalidade foi projetar recomendações para a atualização das diretrizes curriculares das ciências sociais integrando a história, no âmbito da Lei 1874 de 2017. Como parte do que foi acordado, foi realizado um processo investigativo que consistiu na elaboração de um estado da arte sobre o referencial acadêmico acerca do ensino de história e ciências sociais na Colômbia, bem como a realização de duas mesas de discussão e trabalho com professores da área a nível nacional. Nessas mesas participaram professores de Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Arauca, Florencia, Ibagué, Riohacha, Pasto e Maicao, além de representantes de entidades como cinep, Coletivo de História Oral e representantes do Centro Nacional de Memória Histórica. Esses atores contribuíram com suas experiências e reflexões na construção de recomendações que foram coletadas no documento final do estudo e que permitiram problematizar o currículo escolar das ciências sociais. Neste artigo, retomamos algumas reflexões derivadas deste processo de pesquisa centrado em três aspectos: o lugar do professor no currículo das ciências sociais, as relações tensionais entre o sistema de avaliação nacional e o currículo e os debates sobre os saberes escolares

Pituicytoma. Case report and literature review

Pituicytoma is a rare glial tumour located in the sellar and/or suprasellar region of the brain, it originates from pituicytes, and they were included in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours in 2017. As mentioned above it originates from pituicytes cells in the posterior pituitary near the infundibulum. Histological characteristics permits classification and identification among other central nervous system tumours localized in the posterior pituitary or infundibulum. WHO classification describes them as grades such as grade I tumour which has a differentiated structure composed of spindle-shaped cells presumably derived from pituicytes. We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who developed a suprasellar tumour and that it was discovered following a past medical history of amenorrhoea and migraines. Once the lesion was detected in images, the patient rejected surgical treatment even when she developed galactorrhea and preferred medical treatment with cabergoline. However, two years later she developed visual defects due to increase in size by that time accepting surgical treatment. A review of the literature including most common clinical and radiological features of this entity as well as treatment protocols proposed are discussed

Primary Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Gastrointestinal bleeding in HIV patients secondary to coinfection by HHV8 and development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare complication even if no skin lesions are detected on physical examination. This article indicates which patients might develop this type of clinical sign and also tries to recall that absence of skin lesions never rules out the presence of KS, especially if gastrointestinal involvement is documented. Gastrointestinal bleeding in terms of hematemesis has rarely been reported in the literature. We review some important clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment approach. We present the case of an HIV patient who presented to the emergency department with hematemesis and gastrointestinal signs of KS on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without any dermatological involvement