Le plan de développement local : une planification pour un développement durable en Algérie

Dans la planification du développement local sont mis en œuvre différents programmes qui sont souvent dictés et se répètent d’une région à une autre sans tenir compte des potentialités existantes ni des réalités du terrain. Le PDL (Plan de développement local) n’est pas un programme qu’on réalise pour les autres, mais un programme qu’on réalise avec les autres. Cela signifie qu’il faut d’abord analyser ce qui se fait et débattre de ce qui pourrait renforcer les capacités des acteurs locaux en tenant compte des ressources naturelles disponibles dans une vision de développement économique, social et environnemental équilibré. Chaque territoire a ses spécificités et doit pour cela avoir sa propre dynamique de développement. Toutes ces considérations peuvent être prises en compte par le PDL qui est un instrument de planification participative, multisectorielle et décentralisée

La relance du chêne-liège dans le Plan national de reboisement en Algérie -

En Algérie, la superficie forestière n'a cessé de régresser et, plus particulièrement, durant les deux dernières décennies. Aux causes multiples déjà connues, se sont rajoutés le terrorisme et les problèmes que risquent de poser les changements climatiques dont les effets ne sont pas encore bien cernés. Devant cette situation, les pouvoirs publics ont lancé un Plan national de reboisement (PNR), dont les réalisations à mi-parcours ne couvrent même pas la moitié de ce qui devrait être réalisé. Dans le même temps, les incendies ont brûlé plus que ce qui a été planté. S'agissant du chêne-liège, les techniques en usage sont loin de contribuer à la reconstitution de la subéraie. Sur la base des observations de terrain et l'analyse critique de ce qui s'est fait jusque-là, nous suggérons une nouvelle approche devant mener à une amélioration des résultat

Optical and photoelectronic properties of a new material:Optoelectronic application

With the aim of studying the optical, electrochemical, and electronic properties of a new porphyrin-based material, we have synthesized a new porphyrinic complex, namely the (4,4$^{\prime}$-bipyridine)(meso-tetratrifluoromethylphenylporphyrinato)zinc(II) 4,4$^{\prime}$-bipyridine disolvate dihydrate complex with the formula [Zn(TFMPP)(4,4$^{\prime}$-bipy)]${\cdot }$2(4,4$^{\prime}$-bipy)${\cdot }$2H2O (I). This species is characterized by single-crystal X-ray molecular structure. The optical study is performed by UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity presents an emission in the UV–visible range, indicating that this compound can be used as an optoelectronic material. The optical energy gap is 1.95 eV, and the current–voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy measurements have been studied to define the electronic properties of the zinc (II) porphyrin complex. The barrier height ${\phi }_{\mathrm{b}}$ is calculated, and the space-charge limited current mechanism is found to control the conductance. The results from the electronic study confirm that our porphyrin derivative can be used for various optoelectronic applications

Multi-Scale Modeling of Mechanobiological Behavior of Bone

The simulation and theoretical or numerical predictive modeling of the development and growth of biological tissues mainly in the case of bone is a complicated task. As a result, many and various knowledge tools required (experimental, theoretical and numerical) are not yet mastered and even discovered. We will cite here some techniques and methods as well as results specific to the multi-scale numerical modeling methodology, and multiphysics using finite element coupling with neural network computation of biological tissues applied to the predictive behavior of cortical bone based of the microstructure of their local constituents and their reconstruction according to local mechanobiology. It follows that additional work is necessary to give more precision on the different models, the considered approaches show their potential utility to understand this behavior in terms of biological evolutions as well as the subsequent use in medical applications

Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Tunisian Hemodialysis Patients with HCV Infection

Introduction: Our aim was to investigate the possibility of a significant relationship between chemokines and chemokine receptor genes polymorphisms and the spontaneous clearance or the persistence of HCV infection. Methods: A total of 96 hemodialysis (HD) patients infected with HCV were classified into two groups: G1 included 73 patients with persistently positive HCV-RNA and G2 included 23 HD patients who have spontaneously eliminated the virus. The control group consisted of 170 healthy blood donors. All subjects were genotyped for CCR5 Δ32, CCR5 (-59029) A/G, CCR2 (64Ile) and MCP-1(-2518) A/G gene polymorphisms. Results: Our results showed statistically significant increased frequencies of the CCR2 (64Ile) and the (-59029) CCR5 A alleles in patients infected with HCV (22.1% and 35.9%) compared to G1 (24.3% and 40.6%) and compared to controls (14.4% and 20%). We also observed a lower frequency of the MCP-1 G allele and a greater frequency of the CCR5Δ32 variant in G2 (15.2% and 6.5%) compared to G1 (22.6% and 1.4%) that was not statistically significant. However, adjustment for known covariates (age, gender and HCV genotypes) didn’t confirm the results of univariate analysis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests a possible role for some of the studied chemokines polymorphisms in the spontaneous clearance or persistence of HCV infection in Tunisian population. These results should be further investigated by a prospective cohort studies and large population-based studies.Keywords: Chemokines; Receptors; Hepatitis C virus; Spontaneous Clearance; Polymorphisms

Structural Relaxation and Mode Coupling in a Simple Liquid: Depolarized Light Scattering in Benzene

We have measured depolarized light scattering in liquid benzene over the whole accessible temperature range and over four decades in frequency. Between 40 and 180 GHz we find a susceptibility peak due to structural relaxation. This peak shows stretching and time-temperature scaling as known from $\alpha$ relaxation in glass-forming materials. A simple mode-coupling model provides consistent fits of the entire data set. We conclude that structural relaxation in simple liquids and $\alpha$ relaxation in glass-forming materials are physically the same. A deeper understanding of simple liquids is reached by applying concepts that were originally developed in the context of glass-transition research.Comment: submitted to New J. Phy

Macrophage Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Stimulates Proinflammatory Responses with Oxidative Stress

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme that regulates cellular redox potential. In this study, we demonstrate that macrophage G6PD plays an important role in the modulation of proinflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The G6PD levels in macrophages in the adipose tissue of obese animals were elevated, and G6PD mRNA levels positively correlated with those of proinflammatory genes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and free fatty acids, which initiate proinflammatory signals, stimulated macrophage G6PD. Overexpression of macrophage G6PD potentiated the expression of proinflammatory and prooxidative genes responsible for the aggravation of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. In contrast, when macrophage G6PD was inhibited or suppressed via chemical inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively, basal and LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression was attenuated. Furthermore, macrophage G6PD increased activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-??B pathways, which may lead to a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cascade. Together, these data suggest that an abnormal increase of G6PD in macrophages promotes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue of obese animals.open5