cis-Dimethyl­bis(triphenyl­arsine)platinum(II)

In the title compound, [Pt(CH3)2(C18H15As)2], the PtII atom adopts a distorted cis-PtAs2C2 square-planar coordination geometry. In the crystal, mol­ecules inter­act via aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.6741 (18) Å]

Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

An Innovative Method to Generate Iodine(V and III)-Fluorine Bonds and Contributions to the Reactivity of Fluoroorganoiodine(III) Fluorides and Related Compounds

This dissertation offers at least four new contributions to chemical science: (1) A new method of generation iodofluorides and organoiodofluorides, in which a simple, general and industrial applicable route to I-F compound was developed. This method is suitable for the synthesis of IF5, organoiodine(III) fluorides, and -(V)fluorides. The convenient method is characterised by an oxygen-fluorine substitution process using anhydrous HF (aHF) or aqueous HF in a two phase system. (2) The first synthesis of perfluoroalkenyl(aryl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate salts is reported. The salts result from the reaction of (difluoroiodo)arenes (ArIF2) generally with organodifluorboranes to yield the corresponding organo(aryl)iodonium tetrafluoroborates in good yields and high purity. The iodonium salts were investigated spectroscopically and structurally. (3) Key reactivities of monofluoro(difluoroiodo)benzenes are investigated. The reactions of (difluoroiodo)arenes (Ar = o-, m-, p-C6H4F) with n [N(CH3)4]F (n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3), CsF (n = 1, 2), 2,2´-bipyridine, and different kind of alcohols (CH3OH, CH3CH2OH and CF3CH2OH) and protonic acids (CF3CO2H, HF) were examined. The solid structure of ArIF2 (Ar = o-, p-C6H4F) was investigated which show strong intermolecular contacts between the positively charged iodine centre and negatively charged fluorine atoms of the IF2 group of neighbour molecules. Zigzag arrangements result in case of the para and ortho isomers. (4) Introduction concerning the reactivity of perfluoroalkenyl(aryl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate salts were performed. The reactions of perfluorovinyl(aryl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate salts with [N(CH3)4]F in dichloromethane show that the metathesis of the tetrafluoroborate anion by fluoride was accompanied by the spontaneous decomposition even at low temperature. The reaction of [trans-CF3CF=CF(aryl)I][BF4] with weak but oxidisable Lewis bases such as (p-C6H4F)3As or (p-C6H4F)3P emphasise the preparative potential of perfluoroalkenyl-(aryl)iodonium salts to enable the electrophilic alkenylation of nucleophiles. In the present case [trans-CF3CF=CF(p-C6H4F)3As][BF4] and [trans-CF3CF=CF(p-C6H4F)3P][BF4] were formed in a mixture of by-products. In the crystal structure of the alkenyl(aryl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate salt a pronounced cation anion interaction was found which lead to a three-dimensional network

3-Bromo-N-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propanamide

The title compound, C17H26BrNO, exhibits a small twist between the amide residue and the benzene ring [C—N—C—C torsion angle = 29.4 (5)°]. In the crystal, the amido NH group is involved in N—H...O hydrogen bonding, which connects molecules into chains parallel to the c axis

Synthesis and Self-Association of Organoplatinum(IV) Boronic Acids

Oxidative addition of ortho,<i> </i>meta, and para isomers of BrCH₂C₆H₄B­(OH)₂ to dimethylplatinum­(II) complexes gave the corresponding organoplatinum­(IV) boronic acids [PtBrMe₂{CH₂C₆H₄B­(OH)₂}­(NN)], with the bidentate ligand NN = 4,4′-bis­(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine or 2,5-bis­(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. The complexes undergo self-assembly in the solid state through hydrogen bonding to give dimers, polymers, or sheet structures