A Review on Smart Cart Shopping System Using IOT

The internet of things (IOT) is changing human lives by connecting everyday objects together. Nowadays shopping at big malls is a daily activity in metro cities. One can see a huge rush at malls on holidays and on special discount days. People purchase different items and put them in trolleys and go to billing counter for payments. In that time, they have to wait in a long queue to get their products scanned using RFID reader with help of barcode scanner and get their billed. To modify that customer has to purchase in smart way in shopping malls. Each and e very product is attached with a RFID tags, when placed into a smart shopping cart, can be automatically read by a cart equipped with a RFID reader, so that the billing can be conducted from the shopping cart itself. In this way, customer can avoid waiting in a long queue at the checkout points. For this system, additional smart shelving can be added and equipped with RFID reader and can monitor stock, also updating central server, server knows the status of the items in the store. The inventory management also becomes much easier, because all the items can be automatically read by a RFID reader instead of manually scanned by the laborer

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HIV PHARMACOTHERAPY AT DISTRICT ART CENTER IN SOUTH TELANGANA

Objective: Objective of the study was to assess the drug utilization pattern of antiretroviral drugs, and medication adherence behavior among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients attending a local ART center, Suryapet, South Telangana. Methods: This was a prospective observational study approved by institutional ethics committee. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and the treatment details were collected on daily basis for new cases and the data add on was collected for old cases. Medication adherence behavior was assessed through Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8. Results: During the study period, a total of 505 HIV patients were enrolled. Among them, majority patients were women (61%), in the age group of 31–45 (49.7%). Illiterates (52.6%). Major mode of transmission identified was intimate contact (74%), and majority patients were in Stage I (49%). TLE regimen was prescribed in 69.9% patients and for children the prescribed regimen was ABC, 3TC, EFV (5.1%). About 43% patients were found with medium adherence. Conclusion: This study concludes that the most prescribed regimens were combination of TLE, and majority of the patients were found with medium adherence

Evaluation of Streptomyces spp. and Bacillus spp. for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A study was carried out to test direct and indirect antagonistic effect against Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC), and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soils of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A total of 40 bacterial isolates were tested for their antagonistic activity against FOC and of which 10 were found to have strong antagonistic potential. These were found to be Streptomyces spp. (five isolates) and Bacillus spp. (five isolates) in the morphological and biochemical characterisation and 16S rDNA analysis. Under both greenhouse and wilt sick field conditions, the selected Streptomyces and Bacillus isolates reduced disease incidence and delayed expression of symptoms of disease, over the non-inoculated control. The PGP ability of the isolates such as nodule number, nodule weight, shoot weight, root weight, grain yield and stover yield were also demonstrated under greenhouse and field conditions over the non-inoculated control. Among the ten isolates, Streptomyces sp. AC-19 and Bacillus sp. BS-20 were found to have more potential for biocontrol of FOC and PGP in chickpea. This investigation indicates that the selected Streptomyces and Bacillus isolates have the potential to control Fusarium wilt disease and to promote plant growth in chickpea

A Comparison of the Composition of Planets in Single- and Multi-Planet Systems Orbiting M dwarfs

We investigate and compare the composition of M-dwarf planets in systems with only one known planet (``singles") to those residing in multi-planet systems (``multis") and the fundamental properties of their host stars. We restrict our analysis to planets with directly measured masses and radii, which comprise a total of 70 planets: 30 singles and 40 multis in 19 systems. We compare the bulk densities for the full sample, which includes planets ranging in size from $0.52 R_{\oplus}$ to $12.8R_\oplus$, and find that single planets have significantly lower densities on average than multis, which we cannot attribute to selection biases. We compare the bulk densities normalized by an Earth model for planets with $R_{p} < 6R_{\oplus}$, and find that multis are also denser with 99\% confidence. We calculate and compare the core/water mass fractions (CMF/WMF) of low-mass planets ($M_p <10 M_{\oplus}$), and find that the likely rocky multis (with $R_p <1.6 R_{\oplus}$) have lower CMFs than singles. We also compare the [Fe/H] metallicity and rotation period of all single versus multi-planet host stars with such measurements in the literature and find that multi-planet hosts are significantly more metal-poor than those hosting a single planet. Moreover, we find that host star metallicity decreases with increasing planet multiplicity. In contrast, we find only a modest difference in the rotation period. The significant differences in planetary composition and metallicity of the host stars point to different physical processes governing the formation of single- and multi-planet systems in M dwarfs.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to ApJ and under review. Comments welcome

A convenient synthesis and biological activities of N-(pyridin-3-ylmethylene) benzohydrazides by the condensation of nicotinaldehydes with benzohydrazides

117-126Series of N'-(pyridine-3-ylmethylene)benzohydrazides 3a-y have been prepared by the condensation of nicotinaldehydes 1a-e with benzohydrazides 2a-e in the presence of glacial AcOH in ethanol at room temperature. Total twenty five compounds have been prepared and confirmed based on spectral data. The compounds have been evaluated for anti-microbial, free radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS.+) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compound 3h has shown potent anti-fungal activity. Compounds 3f-g and 3j have shown potent ABTS.+ free radical scavenging activity. Compound 3d has shown potent anti-hyperglycemic activity

Chronic intake of 4-Methylimidazole induces hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycaemia via pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia and glucose dyshomeostasis

Caramel colours are the preferential food colouring agent globally, reaches wide age groups through eatables. Colas, a sweetened carbonated drink are most common caramel coloured beverage and its consumption is linked with diabetes, obesity, pancreatic cancer and other endocrine disorders. A major by-product produced during caramelization is 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) that is detected in noteworthy concentrations in colas and other beverages. Previous studies revealed the neurotoxic and carcinogenic potential of 4-MEI in animals at higher doses but the effect of 4-MEI at theoretical maximum daily intake dose on glucose homeostasis is unexplored. Here, mice treated with 4-MEI (32 µg/kg bodyweight/day) for seven weeks exhibited severe hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia mediated by hyperplasia of pancreatic beta cells and induces metabolic alterations. On combinatorial treatment, 4-MEI suppressed the glucogenic potential of non-artificial sweeteners and promotes lipogenesis. Furthermore, increased levels of C-peptide, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in the humans with regular intake of 4-MEI containing beverages. In summary, 4-MEI induced pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia and leads to disruption of glucose and lipid homeostasis. This study suggests the need for further assessment and reconsideration of the wide usage of 4-MEI containing caramels as food additives

Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of Intradermal Immunization with Aseptic, Purified, Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites in Volunteers Under Chloroquine Prophylaxis

Immunization of volunteers under chloroquine prophylaxis by bites of *Plasmodium falciparum* sporozoite (PfSPZ)–infected mosquitoes induces > 90% protection against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). We studied intradermal immunization with cryopreserved, infectious PfSPZ in volunteers taking chloroquine (PfSPZ chemoprophylaxis vaccine [CVac]). Vaccine groups 1 and 3 received 3x monthly immunizations with 7.5 x 10^4 PfSPZ. Control groups 2 and 4 received normal saline. Groups 1 and 2 underwent CHMI (#1) by mosquito bite 60 days after the third immunization. Groups 3 and 4 were boosted 168 days after the third immunization and underwent CHMI (#2) 137 days later. Vaccinees (11/20, 55%) and controls (6/10, 60%) had the same percentage of mild to moderate solicited adverse events. After CHMI #1, 8/10 vaccinees (group 1) and 5/5 controls (group 2) became parasitemic by microscopy; the two negatives were positive by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). After CHMI #2, all vaccinees in group 3 and controls in group 4 were parasitemic by qPCR. Vaccinees showed weak antibody and no detectable cellular immune responses. Intradermal immunization with up to 3 x 10^5 PfSPZ-CVac was safe, but induced only minimal immune responses and no sterile protection against Pf CHMI. INTRODUCTIO

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future