Lapin liiton pienhankintojen toimintatapaohje / prosessikuvaus

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli laatia kohdeorganisaatiolle, Lapin liitolle, toimintatapaohje sekä prosessikuvaus pienhankintojen kilpailuttamiseen. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli selvittää mitä muita mahdollisia kehittämistoimenpiteitä Lapin liiton hankintaprosesseissa on. Opinnäytetyössä on piirteitä sekä tutkimuksellisesta että toiminnallisesta menetelmästä. Pienhankintojen toimintatapaohjeen laatimisen osalta menetelmänä on käytetty kehittävää tutkimusotetta, joka toteutettiin projektiluontoisesti. Kyselytutkimuksen tutkimusotteeksi muodostui pääosin kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen tapaus- ja toimintatutkimus. Tutkimus suoritettiin Webropolilla kyselytutkimuksena koko Lapin liiton henkilöstölle (pl. Lapin pelastuslaitos). Hankintaprosessin kehittämiskohteita ja -ideoita tutkittiin sekä valintakysymyksillä että avoimilla kysymyksillä. Tutkimus antoi paljon arvokasta tietoa Lapin liiton hankintojen nykytilanteesta ja sen kehittämistarpeista. Tutkimus nosti esiin monia haasteellisia vaiheita hankintaprosessissa ja näihin haasteisiin löydettiin myös kyselyn ja pidettyjen palavereiden kautta hyviä kehittämisehdotuksia. Projektin tuloksena oli kirjallinen toimintatapaohje Lapin liiton pienhankintojen kilpailuttamiseen. Ohje on tämän opinnäytetyön liitteenä.The aim of the thesis was to investigate the target organization, Regional Council of Lapland, a description of the procurement process and approach to instruction requirement competitive tendering for small purchases. In addition, the thesis also aimed to find out what other measures has the potential development of Regional Council of Lapland procurement processes. This study has features of both the economics and research functional method. A small purchase of operation manual for the preparation method has been used in development research approach, which was carried out as a project. Similarly, a survey research point consisted mainly of a qualitative case-study and action. The study was conducted as a survey Webropol the whole of Lapland staff (excluding Lapland Rescue Centre). The contracting process development areas and ideas were studied and the selection of the questions that open questions. The study gave a lot of valuable information about Regional Council of Lapland procurement of the current situation and its development needs. The study raised many challenging phases of the procurement process, and these challenges were also found in the survey, and held informal meetings through the development of good suggestions. The project was the results of a written instruction approach Regional Council of Lapland small purchases bidding. Help is attached to this thesis

The Finnish Five-String Kantele: Sustainably Designed for Musical Joy

Peer reviewe

Lung Injury After Neonatal Congenital Cardiac Surgery Is Mild and Modifiable by Corticosteroids

Objectives: The present study was performed to determine whether lung injury manifests as lung edema in neonates after congenital cardiac surgery and whether a stress-dose corticosteroid (SDC) regimen attenuates postoperative lung injury in neonates after congenital cardiac surgery. Design: A supplementary report of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: A pediatric tertiary university hospital. Participants: Forty neonates (age Measurements and Main Results: The chest radiography lung edema score was lower in the SDC than in the placebo group on the first postoperative day (POD one) (p = 0.03) and on PODs two and three (p = 0.03). Furthermore, a modest increase in the edema score of 0.9 was noted in the placebo group, whereas the edema score remained at the preoperative level in the SDC group. Postoperative dynamic respiratory system compliance was higher in the SDC group until POD three (p < 0.01). However, postoperative oxygenation; length of mechanical ventilation; and tracheal aspirate biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, namely interleukin-6, interleukin-8, resistin, and 8-isoprostane, showed no differences between the groups. Conclusions: The SDC regimen reduced the development of mild and likely clinically insignificant radiographic lung edema and improved postoperative dynamic respiratory system compliance without adverse events, but it failed to improve postoperative oxygenation and length of mechanical ventilation. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peer reviewe

A novel variant in SMG9 causes intellectual disability, confirming a role for nonsense-mediated decay components in neurocognitive development

Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the SMG9 gene, encoding a regulatory subunit of the mRNA nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) machinery, are reported to cause heart and brain malformation syndrome. Here we report five patients from three unrelated families with intellectual disability (ID) and a novel pathogenic SMG9 c.551 T > C p.(Val184Ala) homozygous missense variant, identified using exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing confirmed recessive segregation in each family. SMG9 c.551T > C p.(Val184Ala) is most likely an autozygous variant identical by descent. Characteristic clinical findings in patients were mild to moderate ID, intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular manifestations. We used RNA sequencing of patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls to assess the effect of the variant. RNA sequencing revealed that the SMG9 c.551T > C variant did not affect the splicing or expression level of SMG9 gene products, and allele-specific expression analysis did not provide evidence that the nonsense mRNA-induced NMD was affected. Differential gene expression analysis identified prevalent upregulation of genes in patients, including the genes SMOX, OSBP2, GPX3, and ZNF155. These findings suggest that normal SMG9 function may be involved in transcriptional regulation without affecting nonsense mRNA-induced NMD. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the SMG9 c.551T > C missense variant causes a neurodevelopmental disorder and impacts gene expression. NMD components have roles beyond aberrant mRNA degradation that are crucial for neurocognitive development.Peer reviewe

Discovery and development of ODM-204: A Novel nonsteroidal compound for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer by blocking the androgen receptor and inhibiting CYP17A1

We report the discovery of a novel nonsteroidal dual-action compound, ODM-204, that holds promise for treating patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), an advanced form of prostate cancer characterised by high androgen receptor (AR) expression and persistent activation of the AR signaling axis by residual tissue androgens. For ODM-204, has a dual mechanism of action. The compound is anticipated to efficiently dampen androgenic stimuli in the body by inhibiting CYP17A1, the prerequisite enzyme for the formation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), and by blocking AR with high affinity and specificity. In our study, ODM-204 inhibited the proliferation of androgen-dependent VCaP and LNCaP cells in vitro and reduced significantly tumour growth in a murine VCaP xenograft model in vivo. Intriguingly, after a single oral dose of 10-30 mg/kg, ODM-204 dose-dependently inhibited adrenal and testicular steroid production in sexually mature male cynomolgus monkeys. Similar results were obtained in human chorionic gonadotropin-treated male rats. In rats, leuprolide acetate-mediated (LHRH agonist) suppression of the circulating testosterone levels and decrease in weights of androgen-sensitive organs was significantly and dose-dependently potentiated by the co-administration of ODM-204. ODM-204 was well tolerated in both rodents and primates. Based on our data, ODM-204 could provide an effective therapeutic option for men with CRPC.</p

Developing a spatially explicit modelling and evaluation framework for integrated carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation: application in southern Finland

The challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss are deeply interconnected. Successful co-managing of these tangled drivers requires innovative methods that can prioritize and target management actions against multiple criteria, while also enabling cost-effective land use planning and impact scenario assessment. This paper synthesises the development and application of an integrated multidisciplinary modelling and evaluation framework for carbon and biodiversity in forest systems. By analysing and spatio-temporally modelling carbon processes and biodiversity elements, we determine an optimal solution for their co-management in the study landscape. We also describe how advanced Earth Observation measurements can be used to enhance mapping and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The scenarios used for the dynamic models were based on official Finnish policy goals for forest management and climate change mitigation. The development and testing of the system were executed in a large region in southern Finland (Kokemäenjoki basin, 27 024 km2) containing highly instrumented LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) stations; these LTER data sources were complemented by fieldwork, remote sensing and national data bases. In the study area, estimated total net emissions were currently 4.2 TgCO2eq a-1, but modelling of forestry measures and anthropogenic emission reductions demonstrated that it would be possible to achieve the stated policy goal of carbon neutrality by low forest harvest intensity. We show how this policy-relevant information can be further utilised for optimal allocation of set-aside forest areas for nature conservation, which would significantly contribute to preserving both biodiversity and carbon values in the region. Biodiversity gain in the area could be increased without a loss of carbon-related benefits.The challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss are deeply interconnected. Successful co-managing of these tangled drivers requires innovative methods that can prioritize and target management actions against multiple criteria, while also enabling cost-effective land use planning and impact scenario assessment. This paper synthesises the development and application of an integrated multidisciplinary modelling and evaluation framework for carbon and biodiversity in forest systems. By analysing and spatio-temporally modelling carbon processes and biodiversity elements, we determine an optimal solution for their co-management in the study landscape. We also describe how advanced Earth Observation measurements can be used to enhance mapping and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The scenarios used for the dynamic models were based on official Finnish policy goals for forest management and climate change mitigation. The development and testing of the system were executed in a large region in southern Finland (Kokemäenjoki basin, 27,024 km2) containing highly instrumented LTER (Long-Term Ecosystem Research) stations; these LTER data sources were complemented by fieldwork, remote sensing and national data bases. In the study area, estimated total net emissions were currently 4.2 TgCO2eq a−1, but modelling of forestry measures and anthropogenic emission reductions demonstrated that it would be possible to achieve the stated policy goal of carbon neutrality by low forest harvest intensity. We show how this policy-relevant information can be further utilized for optimal allocation of set-aside forest areas for nature conservation, which would significantly contribute to preserving both biodiversity and carbon values in the region. Biodiversity gain in the area could be increased without a loss of carbon-related benefits.Peer reviewe

Sähköiset terveyskansiot Pohjois-Karjalan sairaanhoitopiirin itsehoitopisteille : Verenpaine ja painonhallinta

Elintavoilla on suuri merkitys kansantautien ennaltaehkäisyssä. Vuoden 2012 FINRISKItutkimuksessa on käynyt ilmi, että ylipainoisten osuus on edelleen merkittävä. Verenpaine ja suolan käyttö ovat myös jälleen kääntyneet nousuun viimeisen viiden vuoden aikana. Nykyisin terveyteen liittyvää tietoa on saatavilla runsaasti, mutta ongelmaksi voi muodostua tiedon hajanaisuus ja epäluotettavuus. Helposti saatavilla oleva sekä tutkimukseen perustuva tieto lisää kansalaisten mahdollisuuksia ottaa vastuuta terveydestään. Tämän toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on ohjata aikuisia terveellisempiin elintapoihin ja motivoida itsehoitopisteen asiakkaita itsehoitoon sekä ennaltaehkäistä kohonneesta verenpaineesta tai ylipainosta johtuvia sairauksia. Opinnäytetyön tehtävänä oli tuottaa Pohjois-Karjalan sairaanhoitopiirille sähköiset terveyskansiot, jotka sisältävät tietoa ja itsehoito-ohjeita kohonneesta verenpaineesta ja painonhallinnasta. Kohderyhmänä olivat alle 65-vuotiaat aikuiset. Verenpaineen terveyskansio sisältää tietoa verenpaineesta, kohonneesta verenpaineesta, verenpaineen mittaamisesta, kohonneen verenpaineen syistä ja riskeistä, käytännön vinkkejä sekä milloin ottaa yhteyttä terveydenhuollon ammattilaiseen. Painonhallinnan terveyskansiossa on tietoa painonhallinnasta, painon arvioinnista, ruokavalinnoista, liikunnasta ja alkoholin vaikutuksesta painonhallintaan. Jatkotutkimusmahdollisuutena voisi olla uusien terveyskansioiden tekeminen esimerkiksi diabeteksesta ja mielenterveydestä. Terveyskansioiden päivittäminen ja kehittäminen tulevaisuudessa on tärkeää, jotta niihin luotu tieto pysyy mahdollisimman ajankohtaisena ja luotettavana.Lifestyles have a great importance in preventing chronic diseases. Finrisk 2012 study has shown that the amount of people who are overweight is still significant. Blood pressure and salt intake have started to rise again in the last five years. Today, health related information is available in abundance but the problem may be the incoherence and the lack of reliability. Easily accessible and applicable research-based information increases citizens’ possibilities to take responsibility for their health. The purpose of this functional thesis is to guide adults to healthier lifestyles and to motivate self-care point customers to practice self-care and prevent hypertension and overweight- related diseases. The assignment of this thesis was to produce electronic health folders that contain information and self-care instructions for hypertension and weight maintenance. The target group for this thesis is under 65-year-old adults. The blood pressure health folder contains information about blood pressure, hypertension, blood pressure measurement, causes and risks of hypertension, practical tips and information about when to contact a health care professional. The weight maintenance health folder contains information about weight maintenance, weight assessment, food choices, physical activity and how alcohol affects weight maintenance. As a further study, new health folders could be made for example on diabetes and mental health. In the future, it is important to update and develop the health folders so the information stays as current and reliable as possible

Self-association, compatibility, and strengthening behavior of liquid crystalline oligomers

Abstract Synthetic routes were developed for the preparation of 2-alkoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acids and 2-alkoxyhydroquinones, and a large-scale synthesis was developed for the preparation of 2-thioalkoxyhydroquinones. The 2-alkoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acids, which contained alkyl side chains of different length, were used in the synthesis of new main chain liquid crystalline (LC) homo-, random, and block co-oligomers. In addition, oligomers of terephthaloyl chloride and 2-thioalkoxyhydroquinones and oligomers of terephthaloyl chloride and 2-alkoxyhydroquinones were produced. All the oligomers were blended with aliphatic polyamide 11 (PA 11). The effect of alkyl side chain length on the compatibility behavior of the LC oligomers towards the aliphatic polymer was characterized by DSC and FTIR, and the effect of side chain length on the flexural properties of the blends was investigated with a three-point bending test. The miscibility studies showed variable interfacial adhesion between the blended compounds. The strongest adhesion was achieved between PA 11 and the homo-oligomers of 2-alkoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acids with short or medium long substituents (C4-C10), but the interactions between PA 11 and the oligomer with long aliphatic side chain (C18) were poor, as were those between PA 11 and the wholly aromatic oligomer of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The compatibility between PA 11 and the co-oligomers of 2-alkoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acids was slightly lower than the compatibility of the corresponding homo-oligomers. DSC and FTIR analyses of the blends of oligomers of terephthaloyl chloride and 2-thioalkoxyhydroquinones and oligomers of terephthaloyl chloride and 2-alkoxyhydroquinones with PA 11 implied that the interactions between the blended compounds were poor. FTIR spectra and viscosity measurements confirmed that all the oligomeric structures could self-associate, with effect on the final mechanical properties of the polyamide. The strength of PA 11 in a three-point bending test was increased by the addition of only 1% of LC oligomers to the matrix. The results also showed that the strengthening ability of the oligomers is directly proportional to the total amount of aliphatic carbons. The best strengthening results were obtained with unsubstituted oligomers, random co-oligomers of 2-alkoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acids, and homo-oligomer of 2-butoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid. DSC investigations of a ternary blend of the oligomer of 2-decanyloxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, PA 11, and wholly aromatic commercial LC polymer showed the promising compatibilizing effect of the oligomer

Vapaaehtoisten osallisuuden kokemuksia organisoidusta vapaaehtoistoiminnasta

Vapaaehtoistoiminnalla on merkittävä rooli yhteiskunnassa palveluiden ja hyvinvoinnin tuottajana. Vapaaehtoistoiminnan organisaatioiden kasvaessa ja ammatillistuessa vapaaehtoisten rooli toiminnassa voi muuttua. Tämä voi vähentää vapaaehtoisen osallisuuden tunnetta, mikä vaikuttaa motivaatioon ja sitoutumiseen. Vapaaehtoisten osallisuuden kokemuksia lisäämällä motivaatio ja sitoutuminen toimintaan voivat lisääntyä. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli saada tietoa vapaaehtoisten kokemuksista organisoidussa vapaaehtoistoiminnassa. Tavoitteena oli selvittää vapaaehtoisten osallisuuden kokemuksia vapaaehtoistoiminnassa. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin puolistrukturoituina teemahaastatteluina, joka on yksi kvalitatiivisen tutkimuksen menetelmistä. Teemahaastattelun aineistoa käsiteltiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysilla. Aineistosta etsittiin osallisuuden kokemuksia lisääviä ja vähentäviä kokemuksia. Tuloksena saatiin tietoa vapaaehtoisten osallisuuden huomioimisesta organisoidussa vapaaehtoistoiminnassa. Tulosten mukaan vapaaehtoiset haluavat olla mukana toiminnan suunnittelussa. Vapaaehtoiset arvostavat toimintaa, jossa he tulevat kuulluksi. Jäykkä ylhäältä päin ohjautuva, tarkasti määritelty toiminta heikensi vapaaehtoisten osallisuuden kokemusta toiminnassa. Toiminnan seuranta koettiin hyvänä asiana, mutta samalla se vei huomattavasti aikaa käytännön toiminnalta. Palkatun henkilökunnan läsnäoloa ja tukea arvostettiin toiminnassa. Vapaaehtoisten mielestä henkilökohtainen vuorovaikutus oli tärkeää ja sen kautta oli luontevaa antaa toiminnasta palautetta. Yhteisöllinen toiminta oli myös tärkeä voimavara vapaaehtoisille