Detección semi-automática de nuevos pares de estrellas con movimiento propio común

La detección de sistemas binarios tiene gran importancia en la astrofísica, pues permite, por ejemplo, calcular con precisión la distancia a la que se encuentran sus componentes o descubrir nubes de materia oscura mediante la detección de cambios inesperados en las órbitas. Sin embargo, la mera ocurrencia de dos estrellas cercanas en el cielo no supone que se trate de un sistema binario, porque pueden verse así por efecto de la perspectiva. Para saber con seguridad que en efecto se trata de una pareja de estrellas con un vínculo gravitacional habría que observar cómo giran una alrededor de la otra, pero esto a menudo no es posible al tratarse de órbitas que requieren decenas de miles de años. Un mecanismo indirecto para detectar nuevas estrellas binarias es descubrir dobles con un notable movimiento propio común. La idea es que es estadísticamente improbable encontrar parejas que se muevan muy rápido, y en la misma dirección y sentido. Este trabajo pretende colaborar en la detección de estos pares con alto movimiento propio común como posibles “candidatas” a estrella binarias. Para ello utilizamos la superposición de imágenes tomadas por telescopios profesionales con una diferencia temporal cercana a los 50 años. La detección se realiza comprobando parejas cuya posición varía de forma significativa entre ambas imágenes. Para ello hemos realizado un programa que analiza de forma automática estas imágenes y sugiere posibles candidatas que deben ser corroboradas por el usuario. El sistema descarta el 97 % de las imágenes que no tienen estrellas dobles, y encuentra el 33 % de las imágenes que sí la tienen

Characterization of stratospheric smoke particles over the antarctica by remote sensing instruments

Australian smoke from the extraordinary biomass burning in December 2019 was observed over Marambio, Antarctica from the 7th to the 10th January, 2020. The smoke plume was transported thousands of kilometers over the Pacific Ocean, and reached the Antarctic Peninsula at a hight of 13 km, as determined by satellite lidar observations. The proposed origin and trajectory of the aerosol are supported by back-trajectory model analyses. Ground-based Sun–Sky–Moon photometer belonging to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measured aerosol optical depth (500 nm wavelength) above 0.3, which is unprecedented for the site. Inversion of sky radiances provide the optical and microphysical properties of the smoke over Marambio. The AERONET data near the fire origin in Tumbarumba, Australia, was used to investigate the changes in the measured aerosol properties after transport and ageing. The analysis shows an increase in the fine mode particle radius and a reduction in absorption (increase in the single scattering albedo). The available long-term AOD data series at Marambio suggests that smoke particles could have remained over Antarctica for several weeks after the analyzed event.Fil: González, Ramiro. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Toledano, Carlos. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Román, Roberto. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Mateos, David. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Asmi, Eija Maria. Finnish Meteorological Institute; Finlandia. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Edith. Finnish Meteorological Institute; FinlandiaFil: Lau, Ian C.. Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Astronomy And Space Science; AustraliaFil: Ferrara, Jonathan. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; ArgentinaFil: D'elia, Raul Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Antuña Sánchez, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Cachorro Revilla, Victoria Eugenia. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Calle, Abel. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: de Frutos Baraja, Ángel Máximo. Universidad de Valladolid; Españ

Climatology of aerosols over the Caribbean islands: aerosol types, synoptic patterns and transport

We present a climatological study of aerosols in four representative Caribbean Sea islands that is based on daily mean values of aerosol optical properties for the period 2008¿16, using the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE) to classify the dominant aerosol type. A climatological assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution of the main aerosol types, their links with synoptic patterns, and the transport from different sources is provided. Maximum values of AOD occur in the rainy season, coinciding with the minimum in AE and an increased occurrence of dust, whereas the minimum of AOD occurs in the dry season, due to the predominance of marine aerosols. Marine and dust aerosol are more frequent in the easternmost islands and decrease westward because of an increase of continental and mixture dust aerosols. Therefore, the westernmost station displays the most heterogeneous composition of aerosols. Using a weather-type classification, we identify a quantifiable influence of the atmospheric circulation in the distribution of Caribbean aerosols. However, they can occur under relatively weak and/or diverse synoptic patterns, typically involving transient systems and specific configurations of the Azores high that depend on the considered station. Backward trajectories indicate that dry-season marine aerosols and rainy season dust are transported by air parcels traveling within the tropical easterly winds. The main source region for both types of aerosols is the subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean, except for Cuba, where the largest contributor to dry-season marine aerosols is the subtropical western Atlantic. Different aerosol types follow similar pathways, suggesting a key role of emission sources in determining the spatiotemporal distribution of Caribbean aerosols.. This research was supported by the CSIC (“Consejo Superior de 785 Investigaciones Científicas” of Spain) under project COPA20207. We thank Jack 786 Molinie, Joseph M. Prospero and Brent N. Holben for his effort in establishing and 787 maintaining the Guadeloupe, Ragged Point and La Parguera AERONET sites. The sun 788 photometer at Camagüey was provided by the Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica of the 789 University of Valladolid (UVA), Spain under a cooperation agreement with INSMET, 790 Cuba. The agreement signed in 2007, still in place until the present, has been successful 791 despite limitations and obstacles (Antuña-Marrero et al., 2016; GOAC, 2020). Special 34 792 recognition to Prof. Ángel de Frutos and Victoria Cachorro from UVA for supporting 793 the joint research on atmospheric aerosols. Also, INSMET is recognized by its support 794 until the present. Also, we would like to acknowledge NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis team 795 for making the data publicly available. Version 3.0 of AERONET data were freely 796 downloaded from the AERONET web site (https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov, last access: 8 797 June 2020). NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis data were downloaded from 798 (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.html, last access: 25 799 Mayo 2018). We thank the Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable 800 comments and suggestions

Alfabetización científica en la escuela: propuesta de una nueva metodología

PROYECTO: Alfabetización científica en la escuela: mejorar las estrategias y construir nuevas prácticas de enseñanza de las ciencias en la educación de los primeros años (SciLit). PROGRAMA ERASMUS + DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA. Este trabajo es el resultado de una estrecha colaboración entre los ocho socios de este programa, de cinco países europeos, con sus diferentes valores y culturas, métodos de trabajo, necesidades, etc. Esta pluralidad refuerza lo que une a los científicos y maestros: el amor por el conocimiento, Que ambos grupos creen y transmitan en un espacio intelectual común que supera cualquier tipo de fronteras. Documento PDF de 84 páginas.El libro esta estructurado en cuatro partes. La primera parte presenta "Un nuevo concepto de alfabetización científica", considerando el desafío de las nuevas tecnologías y su influencia en la escuela. La segunda parte, "Competencia científica de los docentes en los países del proyecto", analiza los diferentes sistemas educativos de estos países en relación con la competencia científica de sus docentes, tanto en las facultades de magisterio como en activo, teniendo en cuenta tanto la formación inicial de los educadores como la posterior formación continua que reciben o deberian recibir. La tercera parte, "Una propuesta para mejorar el aprendizaje de la ciencia en las primeras etapas", presenta una introducción histórica de los métodos de enseñanza de la ciencia utilizados en el pasado cercano, así como la descripción de la metodología que promueve El CSIC en la Escuela, probada en la formación de docentes durante muchos años. El cuarto apartado, "Recomendaciones para mejorar el aprendizaje científico a una edad temprana", contiene un análisis final y una meditación con sugerencias y recomendaciones para mejorar la enseñanza de la ciencia en la escuela, considerándola como un ingrediente real del patrimonio cultural europeo común.European Commission 2016 -1- ES01- KA201- 025282N

Lalinet Network Status

LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar network to provide regional coverage over Latin America in providing aerosol and greenhouse gas profiles following QA/QC protocols and promoting the development of researchers and students in atmopheric science field. We show recent results on different approaches for studying the optical properties of the atmosphere regarding aerosols at tropospheric and stratospheric level and greenhouse gas mixing ratio profiles followed by our recent support and validation efforts towards present and future satellite missions

Lalinet Network Status

LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar network to provide regional coverage over Latin America in providing aerosol and greenhouse gas profiles following QA/QC protocols and promoting the development of researchers and students in atmopheric science field. We show recent results on different approaches for studying the optical properties of the atmosphere regarding aerosols at tropospheric and stratospheric level and greenhouse gas mixing ratio profiles followed by our recent support and validation efforts towards present and future satellite missions

Prevalence of reduced lung diffusing capacity and CT scan findings in smokers without airflow limitation: a population-based study

Background Population distribution of reduced diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in smokers and main consequences are not properly recognised. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of reduced DLCO in a population-based sample of current and former smoker subjects without airflow limitation and to describe its morphological, functional and clinical implications.Methods A sample of 405 subjects aged 40 years or older with postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FVC) >0.70 was obtained from a random population-based sample of 9092 subjects evaluated in the EPISCAN II study. Baseline evaluation included clinical questionnaires, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurement, spirometry, DLCO determination, 6 min walk test, routine blood analysis and low-dose CT scan with evaluation of lung density and airway wall thickness.Results In never, former and current smokers, prevalence of reduced DLCO was 6.7%, 14.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Current and former smokers with reduced DLCO without airflow limitation were younger than the subjects with normal DLCO, and they had greater levels of dyspnoea and exhaled CO, greater pulmonary artery diameter and lower spirometric parameters, 6 min walk distance, daily physical activity and plasma albumin levels (all p<0.05), with no significant differences in other chronic respiratory symptoms or CT findings. FVC and exhaled CO were identified as independent risk factors for low DLCO.Conclusion Reduced DLCO is a frequent disorder among smokers without airflow limitation, associated with decreased exercise capacity and with CT findings suggesting that it may be a marker of smoking-induced early vascular damage.Trial registration number NCT03028207

Agreement in the assessment of metastatic spine disease using scoring systems

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