DEPORTE Y FIESTA EN EL ENSAYO DE UN OCIO TOTALITARIO: ENSIDESA Y LA JIRA AL EMBALSE DE TRASONA (ASTURIAS, 1958-1975)

Resumen: Los regímenes políticos dictatoriales, pese a no ser los únicos que han empleado la práctica deportiva como forma de control social, han dado lugar a las estrategias más vistosas en este sentido y por ello han recibido una atención especial por parte de los investigadores. Este trabajo analiza un caso interesante por lo avanzado de su cronología: el experimento social desarrollado en la comarca asturiana de Avilés, España, por la empresa siderúrgica estatal ENSIDESA, durante la dictadura del general Francisco Franco. En este contexto, y en concreto en la fiesta conocida como Jira al Embalse de Trasona, el deporte forma parte de lo que podríamos entender como un ensayo de ocio totalitario.Palabras clave: ocio totalitario; deporte; fiesta; franquismo; ENSIDESA. Esporte e Festa no Ensaio de um Lazer Totalitário: a ENSIDESA e a Excursão para a Represa de Trasona (Asturias, Espanha, 1958-1975)Resumo: Os regimes políticos ditatoriais, embora não os únicos que tenham utilizado o esporte como forma de controle social, produziram as estratégias mais marcantes neste sentido e, portanto, têm recebido atenção especial dos pesquisadores. Este artigo analisa um caso interessante por sua cronologia avançada: a experiência social desenvolvida na comarca asturiana de Avilés, Espanha, pela empresa siderúrgica estatal ENSIDESA, durante a ditadura do general Francisco Franco. Nesse contexto, e em particular na festa conhecida como Excursão para a Represa de Trasona, o esporte é parte do que poderíamos entender como um ensaio de lazer totalitário.Palavras-chave: lazer totalitário; esporte; festa; franquismo; ENSIDESA. Sport and feast as parts of a totalitarian leisure experiment: ENSIDESA and the Trasona Reservoir Tour (Asturias, Spain, 1958-1975)Abstract: Since its consolidation as a massive phenomenon, the sport has attracted  many of those who want to exercise a wide and sophisticated social control. Even not being the only ones in employing the sports as a form of control over the society, the dictatorial political systems have been resulted in some of the most prominent strategies in that sense, accordingly receiving special attentions from the researchers. This paper analyzes an interesting case, due to its belated chronology, located in the region of Avilés, in Spain. There, the instalation of the state siderurgical enterprise ENSIDESA, during the francoist dictatorship, allowed the implementation of an experiment of totalitarian leisure with the named “Jira al Embalse de Trasona” (Trasona Reservoir Tour) as core.Keywords: totalitarian leisure; sport; feast; Francoism; ENSIDESA

Limiting spread of COVID-19 in an orthopaedic department-a perspective from Spain

Besides national and international recommendations, orthopaedic departments face significant changes in daily activity and serious issues to maintain their standards in musculoskeletal care during the pandemic Covid-19 crisis that we are facing. This report retrospectively addresses measures that were progressively put in place to modify in a week time the activity of a busy orthopaedic department in a large tertiary university hospital in face of the pandemic. Surgical priorities and surgical outcomes are key aspects to consider. The experience may offer some insight to areas where the spread of the disease may be slower or delayed. Abrupt stop of scheduled surgery and clinics is useful to adapt an orthopaedic department to the overall hospital resource reorganization. Orthopaedic surgeons need to be aware of the risks to patients and personnel in view of underdiagnosed cases, which make pre-operative Covid-19 evaluation mandatory for all surgical case

Critical review of analytical methods for the determination of flame retardants in human matrices

Human biomonitoring is a powerful approach in assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Flame retardants (FRs) are of particular concern due to their wide distribution in the environment and adverse health effects. This article reviews studies published in 2009-2020 on the chemical analysis of FRs in a variety of human samples and discusses the characteristics of the analytical methods applied to different FR biomarkers of exposure, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), novel halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), bromophenols, incl. tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and organophosphorous flame retardants (PFRs). Among the extraction techniques, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) were used most frequently due to the good efficiencies in the isolation of the majority of the FR biomarkers, but with challenges for highly lipophilic FRs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is mainly applied in the instrumental analysis of PBDEs and most NHFRs, with recent inclusions of GC-MS/MS and high resolution MS techniques. Liquid chromatography-MS/MS is mainly applied to HBCD, bromophenols, incl. TBBPA, and PFRs (including metabolites), however, GC-based analysis following derivatization has also been used for phenolic compounds and PFR metabolites. Developments are noticed towards more universal analytical methods, which enable widening method scopes in the human biomonitoring of FRs. Challenges exist with regard to sensitivity required for the low concentrations of FRs in the general population and limited sample material for some human matrices. A strong focus on quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) measures is required in the analysis of FR biomarkers in human samples, related to their variety of physical-chemical properties, low levels in most human samples and the risk of contamination.This study was part of the HBM4EU project receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 733032. The authors acknowledge Berith E. Knudsen for her help with the literature search.S

Trajectories in Argentine children’s literature: Constancio C. Vigil and Horacio Quiroga

Children's author and publishing entrepreneur Constancio C. Vigil was a Uruguayan who spent most of his working life in Argentina. He was best known for his children's magazine Billiken (1919 to present). Vigil's contemporary and compatriot Horacio Quiroga also made the move across the River Plate and went on to have a transformative impact on Argentine literary culture, in part through his Jungle Tales for Children (1924). Both Quiroga and Vigil aspired to have their works for children accepted as school reading books, recognising the role of school authorities in the formation of the national canon. Vigil and Quiroga's trajectories of inclusion and exclusion, and their extraordinary contribution to the Argentine and Latin American cultural landscape in the first half of the twentieth century, provide a window onto the curation of an Argentine national children's literature at the same time as challenging the very nature of such a category

Construir y romper estructuras: un curso práctico de introducción a las estructuras

The communication presents the experience developed in the last three years in a new subject organized by several professors of the Department of Structures and Building Physics (DEFE) of the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM) of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM ) in the degree in Fundamentals of Architecture. In the first semester, the degree has a compulsory experience workshop, which students must take by choosing a workshop among the offers made by each department. The experience discussed corresponds to one of the proposals by the DEFE and is called Build and Break Structures. The objective of the workshop corresponds to what is stated in the title, is that students propose a solution to a structural problem, carry out the project of that construction, build it and, finally, submit it to the expected loading situation. In the event that it exceeds the expected situation, the load continues to increase until it reaches breakage

Critical review of analytical methods for the determination of flame retardants in human matrices

Human biomonitoring is a powerful approach in assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Flame retardants (FRs) are of particular concern due to their wide distribution in the environment and adverse health effects. This article reviews studies published in 2009-2020 on the chemical analysis of FRs in a variety of human samples and discusses the characteristics of the analytical methods applied to different FR biomarkers of exposure, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), novel halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), bromophenols, incl. tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and organophosphorous flame retardants (PFRs). Among the extraction techniques, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) were used most frequently due to the good efficiencies in the isolation of the majority of the FR biomarkers, but with challenges for highly lipophilic FRs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is mainly applied in the instrumental analysis of PBDEs and most NHFRs, with recent inclusions of GC-MS/MS and high resolution MS techniques. Liquid chromatography-MS/MS is mainly applied to HBCD, bromophenols, incl. TBBPA, and PFRs (including metabolites), however, GC-based analysis following derivatization has also been used for phenolic compounds and PFR metabolites. Developments are noticed towards more universal analytical methods, which enable widening method scopes in the human biomonitoring of FRs. Challenges exist with regard to sensitivity required for the low concentrations of FRs in the general population and limited sample material for some human matrices. A strong focus on quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) measures is required in the analysis of FR biomarkers in human samples, related to their variety of physical-chemical properties, low levels in most human samples and the risk of contamination.This study was part of the HBM4EU project receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 733032. The authors acknowledge Berith E. Knudsen for her help with the literature search.S

Early Meteorological Records from Latin-America and Caribbean during the 18th and 19th centuries, collection of data files

Early instrumental observations are an important tool to understand multidecadal climate variability or put in context specific extreme phenomena. This paper provides early instrumental data recovered in Latin-America and the Caribbean. Data have been retrieved from 20 countries (Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, British Guiana, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, France (Martinique and Guadalupe), Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, El Salvador and Suriname) and they cover the 18th and 19th centuries. The main meteorological variables retrieved are air temperature, atmospheric pressure and precipitation but other variables, such as humidity, wind direction, or state of the sky have been retrieved when possible. In total, more than 300 000 early instrumental observations have been rescued (96% with daily resolution). Special effort has been done to document all the available metadata (instruments, observers, methodology of observation...) in order to allow further post processing. The compilation is far from being exhaustive but the data set will contribute to a better understanding of the climate variability in the region and to enlarge the overlapping period between instrumental data and natural and documentary proxies