Some advances in legal practical reason: for a progressive dialogue with contemporary hermeneutics

This paper intends to critically discuss some points of the contemporary thesis concerning constitutional hermeneutics and methodology of law. Once identified some authors and the lines of argumentation affiliated grosso modo to the linguistic turn and rhetoric, as well as the core of the transcendental powers of communication (v.g. N. MacCormick, R. Alexy, K. Günther), the objective is to identify some dialogue with economics and political science, enlightened by recent researches about Hegel-Marx interpretations of social life. Of course the discussion inevitably passes through methodological questions, opposing analytics vs. dialectics, idealistic vs. realists standpoints. In a effort to foment the inclusive dialogue between points of view concerning the concept of law that may create (not necessarily) radical opponents, the lines of conclusion intents to revisit some foundations of Hegelian "method" (so to speak) and intends to give a modest contribution to a more profound analysis of the relations between sein and sollen categories, in order to enrich the discussions about technology and social life, specially the life of the law nowadays

The challenges of access to innovative medicines with limited evidence in the European Union

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) fosters access to innovative medicines through accelerated procedures and flexibility in the authorization requirements for diseases with unmet medical needs, such as many rare diseases as well as oncological diseases. However, the resulting increase of medicines being marketed with conditional authorizations and in exceptional circumstances has lead to higher clinical uncertainty about their efficacy and safety than when the standard authorizations are applied. This uncertainty has significant implications for clinical practice and the negotiation of pricing and reimbursement, particularly as high prices are based on assumptions of high value, supported by regulatory prioritization. The burden of clinical development is often shifted towards public healthcare systems, resulting in increased spending budgets and opportunity costs. Effective management of uncertainty, through appropriate testing and evaluation, and fair reflection of costs and risks in prices, is crucial. However, it is important not to sacrifice essential elements of evidence-based healthcare for the sake of access to new treatments. Balancing sensitive and rational access to new treatments, ensuring their safety, efficacy, and affordability to healthcare systems requires thoughtful decision-making. Ultimately, a responsible approach to timely access to innovative medicines that balances the needs of patients with healthcare systems' concerns is necessary. This approach emphasizes the importance of evidence-based decision-making and fair pricing and reimbursement

Mentoring Entrepreneurial Networks : mapping conceptions of participants in technological-based business incubators in Brazil

La agenda de la investigación reciente sobre emprendedores incluye el análisis de las estructuras cognitivas de los empresarios de éxito, revelándose como una herramienta importante a la hora de examinar una trayectoria emprendedora. Mediante técnicas de mapas cognitivos, este estudio explora los conceptos de una trayectoria de éxito y la red en sí misma como un todo, para el desarrollo de esta carrera. Fueron estudiados 53 empresarios en siete viveros tecnológicos de la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. El objetivo específico de este estudio era situar los significados comunes de los emprendedores del vivero teniendo en cuenta las redes de apoyo informal. Este tipo de redes ofrecen apoyo a la carrera empresarial, y el presente estudio examina tanto las características como el modelo conceptual que subyace bajo éstas. La recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de entrevistas a través de la técnica de evocación libre. Los significados comunes indican la existencia de categorías de pensamiento inherentes que fomentan el contexto de la red en el entorno del vivero, especialmente en las redes-mentor. Los resultados refuerzan la interpretación de un modelo mentor informal que emerge de las evocaciones predominantes respecto a una carrera de éxito y de la red en sí misma como promotora de su desarrollo.The recent entrepreneurship research agenda includes the analysis of cognitive structures of successful entrepreneurs, revealing an important tool for the examination of an entrepreneurial career. Using techniques of cognitive maps, this study explores the concepts of a successful career and the network itself, as a whole, for career development. Fifty-three entrepreneurs were studied, in seven technological incubators in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Specifically, this study aimed to map the shared meanings of the incubated entrepreneurs regarding informal support networks. Such networks support the entrepreneurial career and the present study explores the characteristics and the conceptual model that underlies the networks. The data collection was achieved through interviews through a free evocation technique. The shared meanings indicate the existence of inherent thought categories that support network context in the incubator environment, mainly the mentoring networks. The results endorse the interpretation of an informal mentoring model emerging from the dominant evocations concerning a successful career and of the network itself as promoter of career development

Concepciones y razonamientos de expertos y aprendices sobre electrocinética : consecuencias para la enseñanza y la formación de profesores

In this work we analyse the conceptions that the students of different degree of instruction use when they interpret and make predictions on the functioning of the electrical circuits, in various problematic situations. For this reason we have studied the evolution of such ideas, in different educational levels, from high school until the end their university studies. The obtained results have shown the existence of important differences of conceptual type between apprentices and experts and the persistence of numerous alternative conceptions in all the teaching levels, even in individuals who have finished their studies in the university and aspire to be physics teachers. Also we have observed that the students maintain a considerable degree of confidence in their personal conceptions and that this safety increases with the instruction level. On this base we have formulated, finally, some interesting implications for the teaching of the electrical circuits and the initial training of the secondary education teachers

Stretching of BDT-gold molecular junctions: thiol or thiolate termination?

It is often assumed that the hydrogen atoms in the thiol groups of a benzene-1,4-dithiol dissociate when Au-benzene-1,4-dithiol-Au junctions are formed. We demonstrate, by stability and transport properties calculations, that this assumption can not be made. We show that the dissociative adsorption of methanethiol and benzene-1,4-dithiol molecules on a flat Au(111) surface is energetically unfavorable and that the activation barrier for this reaction is as high as 1 eV. For the molecule in the junction, our results show, for all electrode geometries studied, that the thiol junctions are energetically more stable than their thiolate counterparts. Due to the fact that density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA) underestimates the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital by several electron-volts, and that it does not capture the renormalization of the energy levels due to the image charge effect, the conductance of the Au-benzene-1,4-dithiol-Au junctions is overestimated. After taking into account corrections due to image charge effects by means of constrained-DFT calculations and electrostatic classical models, we apply a scissor operator to correct the DFT energy levels positions, and calculate the transport properties of the thiol and thiolate molecular junctions as a function of the electrodes separation.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Nanoscal

Reflexões sobre a inserção do Curso de Extensão “O Golpe de 1016 e o futuro da Democracia no Brasil” na vida acadêmica da UFRPE

Este artigo faz uma breve discussão acerca de aspectos epistemológicos envolvidos no saber-fazer das Universidades em seu processo de construção de conhecimento e de cidadania, chamando a atenção para as implicações éticas a que estão submetidos os conhecimentos no campo das Ciências Humanas e Sociais (CHS); e anuncia abordagens dos mais diversos ramos das CHS para o esclarecimento dos significados do golpe de 2016 e para a projeção de ações em defesa da Democraci

Reforma catalitica do n-octano visando a produção de aromaticos

Orientador: Mario de Jesus MendesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: Reforma catalítica é um processo da indústria petroquímica de grande interesse comercial para produção de compostos aromáticos que são matérias primas na fabricação de plásticos, elastômeros e resmas. As reações de reforma catalítica do n-octano foram estudadas em um reator de reciclo interno, tipo Berty, visando a maximização da produção de xilenos e etil-benzeno. Uma unidade de avaliação catalítica totalmente automatizada foi construída para avaliação dos efeitos das condições de operação sobre a seletividade da reação a esses compostos. Os produtos de reação foram analisados em linha por cromatografia gasosa. Um detector de espectrometria de massa foi utilizado para determinar os compostos de difícil identificação. Foram também testados os limites de operação do reator de reciclo interno para condução do trabalho em regime de mistura perfeita e minimização da interferência do transporte de calor e massa sobre a taxa de reação. Um catalisador bifuncional desbalanceado contendo platina e rênio sulfetados e depositados sobre y-alumina clorada foi utilizado para promover a reação. Foi realizada a caracterização básica desse catalisador que continha 0,22% de platina, 0,44% de rênio e 1,1% de cloro. Os sítios metálicos são responsáveis pelas reações de hidrogenação e desidrogenação das parafinas e pela formação dos naftênicos. O cloro permite a acidez desejada para promover as reações de isomerização que ocorrem sobre os sítios ácidos da alumina. Os dados termodinâmicos dos componentes presentes foram calculados utilizando-se o banco de dados programa Aspen. Foram obtidas as entalpias e constantes de equilíbrio das reações estudadas bem como curvas de concentrações de equilíbrio em função da temperatura. Os resultados experimentais foram utilizados para obter um modelo empírico, baseado em funções racionais, que relaciona a seletividade à reação de produção de aromáticos com a temperatura e velocidade espacial.Um modelo fenomenológico da taxa de reação baseado em Hougen- Watson foi construído e comparado com os dados obtidos em bancada. Ambos modelos mostraram-se eficientes na previsão dos valores das variáveis resultado procuradasAbstract: Catalytic Refonning is a process of great interest to the petrochemical industry for the production of aromatic compounds that are raw material to the manufacture of plastics, elastomers and resins. The catalytic refonning reaction of n-octane was studied in a Berty type reactor with internal recycle aiming on the maximization of xylenes and ethylbenzene. A totally automated unity for catalytic evaluation was built to estimate the effect of the operation conditions over the reaction selectivityto these compounds. The reaction products were analyzed on-line by gas chromatography. A mass spectrometer detector was used to determine the compounds of difficult identification. It was also tested the operation limits of the internal recycle reactor to conduct the work in a perfect mixture regime and minimize the interference of heat and mass transfer over the reaction rate. This reaction was promoted by an unbalanced bifunctional catalyst containing platinum and rhenium, sulfidedand deposited on chlorided y-alumina.The basic characterization of this catalyst was made; it was found a metal content of 0,22% ofplatinum, 0,44% ofrhenium, and 1,1% of chloride. The metal sites are responsible for the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the paraffins and for the napthenes formation. The chloride allows the desired acidity to promote the isomerization reactions that occurs over the acid sites of the alumina. The thermodynamic data of the components present were calculated using the data bank of Aspen software; enthalpies and equilibrium constants of the reactions studied were obtained, as well as the equilibriumconcentration curves as a function of temperature. The experimentalresults were used to obtain an empiricalmodei based on the rational functions that relates selectivity for the aromatics production reactions with temperature and space velocity. A phenomenological model of the reaction rate based on Hougen-Watson was built and compared to the data obtained in bench scale. Both models showed to be efficient to estimate the result values of the variables investigated.DoutoradoSistema de Processos Quimicos e InformaticaDoutor em Engenharia Químic

A inserção da Filosofia no Departamento de Ciências Sociais da UFRPE

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a Área de Filosofia e sua inserção no Departamento de Ciências Sociais, da UFRPE. Inicialmente, é feito um breve histórico da evolução do quadro de professores; depois é traçada uma visão geral das disciplinas oferecidas; logo após, um relato sucinto de projeções de futuro, e, por fim, apresenta, individualmente, os professores com os relatos de suas formações acadêmicas e atividades por eles desenvolvidas