Inmigración, contextos locales de acogida y delincuencia: Un estudio empírico en Málaga capital

España es uno de los países de Europa en el que más ha crecido la población inmigrante durante los primeros años de este siglo. Sin embargo, durante el mismo periodo de tiempo, la tasa de delincuencia se ha mantenido constante, incluso ha descendido ligeramente, por lo que la evolución de ambos fenómenos no permite establecer una relación positiva entre ellos. Sin embargo, las evidencias empíricas han puesto de manifiesto que las experiencias de inmigración varían enormemente en función de las condiciones locales de acogida y que es importante prestar atención a los factores del contextos que facilitan la implicación de los inmigrantes en actividades delictivas. En España no se han realizado estudios empíricos que aborden a nivel local las condiciones familiares y sociales de los inmigrantes desde una perspectiva criminológica. Para suplir este vacío se ha realizado una aproximación a la delincuencia auto-informada de los inmigrantes asentados, a las condiciones de su entorno, y a sus percepciones sobre el control social. A partir de 174 entrevistas estructuradas a una población de conveniencia constituida por inmigrantes con tres o más años de residencia en Málaga capital durante 2017 y 2018, se explora la relación entre las condiciones locales y la participación delictiva, así como su percepción sobre instituciones del control social formal. Los resultados agrupados por procedencias desvelan ciertos factores del contexto social que fortalecen la integración de ciertos colectivos y permiten también conocer el grado de legitimidad otorgado a las instituciones policiales y judiciales. Todo ello contribuye a un mejor conocimiento de la población inmigrante asentada y de las necesidades implícitamente requeridas en términos de políticas públicas locales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Settled immigrants in the city of Malaga: local host context and crime.

Spain is one of the European countries where the immigrant population has grown the most during the first years of this century. However, crime rates have remained constant in this period, even have decreased slightly, so the evolution of both phenomena does not allow to establish a positive relationship between them. Nevertheless, empirical evidence has shown that the immigration experiences differ according to local host conditions. In this way, the context would facilitate the involvement of immigrants in criminal activities. Empirical studies that address the family and social circumstances of immigrants at the local level and from a criminological perspective have not been carried out in Spain. To fill this gap, 173 immigrants were interviewed between 2017 and 2018, in order to study the relationship between local host conditions and self-reported crime, victimisation, and the perception about social control. Findings indicate that a troubled neighbourhood explains the crime committed by immigrants and their victimisation, that committing crimes and being a victim is related, and that immigrants who have committed a crime or have been victim of crime do not have a good opinion about the police and criminal justice system

Environmental change rate and dispersion pattern modulate the dynamics of evolutionary rescue of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

The rate of biodiversity loss is so high that some scientists affirm that we are being witnesses of the sixth mass extinction. In this situation, it is necessary to ask the following question: can the organisms be able to resist the environmental changes that are taking place? Recent studies have shown the possibility of a population recovering from a stress situation through evolutionary rescue (ER) events. These events depend on the size of the population, its previous history and the rate of the environmental change. The aim of this work is to add more knowledge about the ER dynamics creating stress situations with selective agents (sulphur and salinity) and using the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa as a model organism. The experiments are based on exposing populations to severe stress and analyze the effect of previous dispersal events and deterioration rates on the occurrence of ER events among populations. The model consists in three different rates of environmental change (constant, slow and fast; under salinity stress we only used the first two treatments) and three dispersal models (isolated, local or global). In total, 324 and 720 populations were exposed to stressful conditions caused by sulphur and salinity, respectively. The results showed that the dispersal modes and the environmental deterioration rates modulated the occurrence of ER events. It has been observed that dispersal favours ER events for both selective agents. Regarding the rate of environmental change, we observed an increase of ER events under constant changes in the populations exposed to sulphur stress. However, ER events were higher when there was previous deterioration (i.e., slow environmental change rate) under saline stress. As a conclusion, ER events in M. aeruginosa depend on selective agent, being the probability higher for salinity than for sulphur. Thus, it could be hypothesized that general conclusions in ER studies must take into account the selective agent.This work has been financially supported by the projects CGL2014- 53682-P (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and CGL2017-87314-P (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad), and the Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Settled immigrants in the city of Malaga: local host context and crime

Spain is one of the European countries where the immigrant population has grown the most during the first years of this century. However, crime rates have remained constant in this period, even have decreased slightly, so the evolution of both phenomena does not allow to establish a positive relationship between them. Nevertheless, empirical evidence has shown that the immigration experiences differ according to local host conditions. In this way, some contexts would facilitate the involvement of immigrants in criminal activities. Empirical studies that address the family and social circumstances of immigrants at the local level and from a criminological perspective have not been carried out in Spain. To fill this gap, an approach has been made to the self-reported crime of settled immigrants, the conditions of their environment and their perceptions on social control. 174 structured interviews were conducted between 2017 and 2018 to a convenience sample of immigrants, who have lived three or more years in the city of Málaga, to study the relationship between local host conditions and crime, and the perception on social control. Findings grouped by country of origin show that some factors strengthen the integration of certain groups and allow us to know the level of legitimacy given to the police and the justice system. All this contributes to obtain a better knowledge of the settled immigrant population and the needs required in terms of local public policies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Ejemplos de contextos sociales en los que es importante desarrollar el pensamiento crítico de los ciudadanos

El pensamiento crítico se considera clave para que los ciudadanos puedan desenvolverse de forma adecuada en una sociedad cada vez más implicada con la ciencia y la tecnología, como mostró un estudio Delphi realizado con un panel de expertos españoles relacionados con la ciencia resaltándolo como el aspecto del ámbito científico-tecnológico con mayor consenso. Este trabajo profundiza en los contextos sociales que los expertos de dicho estudio Delphi consideraron importantes para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico. Los ejemplos propuestos se categorizaron en tres contextos (salud, medioambiente y recursos naturales) y tres niveles de relevancia en la vida (personal, social y global). Este conjunto de contextos puede ayudar a los ciudadanos a desarrollar su capacidad de pensamiento crítico, tanto en la educación formal como informal.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Treatment of oral mucocele - scalpel versus C02 laser

Objective: To compare the results obtained after oral mucocele resection with the scalpel versus the CO2 laser, based on the complications and recurrences after surgery Patients and Methods: Of the 68 patients we studied who have mucocele, 38 were resected with a scalpel and the remaining 30 with the CO2 laser (5-7 W). Patient sex and age were documented, along with location of the lesion as well as size, symptoms, duration, etiological factors, type of treatment, complications and recurrences after surgical removal.Results: The sample comprised 40 males and 28 females, aged between 6-65 years. The histological diagnosis was extravasation mucocele in 95% of the cases. The most frequent location was the lower lip (73.5%). The mean lesion diameter was 9 mm , and in most cases no evident etiological factor was recorded. The mean duration of the lesion was 4 months. Among the cases of conventional surgical removal of mucocele, recurrence was recorded in 8.8% of the cases, and 13.2% of the patients suffered postoperative complications - the most frequent being the presence of fibrous scars. There were no complications or relapses after a minimum follow-up of 12 months in the cases subjected to CO2 laser treatment.Conclusions: Oral mucocele ablation with the CO2 laser offers more predictable results and fewer complications and recurrences than conventional resection with the scalpel

Ditopic Aza-Scorpiand Ligands Interact Selectively with ds-RNA and Modulate the Interaction upon Formation of Zn2+ Complexes

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules in living systems and represent one of the main targets of chemists, biophysics, biologists, and nanotechnologists. New small molecules are continuously developed to target the duplex (ds) structure of DNA and, most recently, RNA to be used as therapeutics and/or biological tools. Stimuli-triggered systems can promote and hamper the interaction to biomolecules through external stimuli such as light and metal coordination. In this work, we report on the interaction with ds-DNA and ds-RNA of two aza-macrocycles able to coordinate Zn2+ metal ions and form binuclear complexes. The interaction of the aza-macrocycles and the Zn2+ metal complexes with duplex DNA and RNA was studied using UV thermal and fluorescence indicator displacement assays in combination with theoretical studies. Both ligands show a high affinity for ds-DNA/RNA and selectivity for ds-RNA. The ability to interact with these duplexes is blocked upon Zn2+ coordination, which was confirmed by the low variation in the melting temperature and poor displacement of the fluorescent dye from the ds-DNA/RNA. Cell viability assays show a decrease in the cytotoxicity of the metal complexes in comparison with the free ligands, which can be associated with the observed binding to the nucleic acids

Scale setting for large-N SUSY Yang-Mills on the lattice

In this paper we study the large N limit of four-dimensional Supersymmetric Yang-Mills on the lattice using twisted reduced models. We have generated configurations with dynamical massive gluinos and various lattice ’t Hooft couplings, and verified that the Pfaffian remains positive. We have determined the lattice spacing in terms of various observables obtaining compatible results. Extrapolating to the massless gluino limit we obtain the lattice spacing dependence on the bare couplings for the supersymmetric theory. The observed dependence goes along the expected behaviour predicted by perturbation theoryThis work is partially supported by grant PGC2018-094857-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and by the Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) through grants IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0597 and No CEX2020-001007-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039 /501100011033. We also acknowledge support from the project H2020-MSCAITN-2018- 813942 (EuroPLEx) and the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, STRONG-2020 project, under grant agreement No 82409

Characterization of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. isolated from extreme sulphureous water from Los Baños de la Hedionda (S Spain)

Los Baños de la Hedionda (Málaga, S Spain) is a natural sulphureous spa (150-200 µM sulphide). Although this high sulphide levels can affect the photosynthetic process, there are numerous photosynthetic microorganisms inhabiting the spa. Among them, we isolated a strain of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp., a genus well known by its tolerance to sulphide. Objectives Firstly, to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics and growth rate of the isolated strain, as well as the effect of the presence of sulphide in both processes. Secondly, to determine the limit of genetic adaptation of this strain to sulphide. Methods The resistance of the isolated strain to sulphide was studied by analyzing the effect of increasing sulphide levels (up to 1600 µM) on photosynthetic performance and growth. The limit of genetic adaptation was explored using an evolutionary experimental design named as ratchet protocol. This design allows discerning the maximum capacity of genetic adaptation of Oscillatoria sp. to the exposure of increasing doses of sulphide Conclusions The strain showed maximum growth rates at 200 µM sulphide although reduced rates can be found up to 800 µM sulphide. A significant increase in resistance was achieved in all derived populations during the ratchet experiment (surviving at sulphide concentrations higher than 2 mM). Moreover, they showed different evolutionary potential to adapt to sulphide, depending on historical contingency.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through CGL2014-53682-P project. Predoctoral State Grant from Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation Plan, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness I+D+i ECC/1402/2013, 201

Disentangling mechanisms involved in the adaptation of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to the extreme sulphureous water from Los Baños de la Hedionda (S Spain)

Backgrounds Los Baños de la Hedionda (Málaga, S Spain) is a natural sulphureous spa where sulphide can reach a concentration of 150-200 µM. Although this ion has biocide properties, including inhibition of the photosynthetic process, a rich flora can be found in this extreme environment. Objectives To study the adaptation mechanisms allowing resistance of photosynthetic microorganisms to these sulphureous waters Methods For this purpose, a modified Luria–Delbrück fluctuation analysis was carried out. The adaptation to La Hedionda waters of three different strains of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing (isolated from a non-sulphureous freshwater reservoir) was analyzed in order to find out if it was achieved by a physiological adaptation process (acclimation) or by the selection of rare spontaneous mutations (genetic adaptation). Conclusions Several resistant strains were obtained after 6 weeks of cultivation with La Hedionda waters. The fluctuation analysis showed that genetic adaptation was the phenomenon that allowed resistant M. aeruginosa cells from the three strains to survive, with similar mutation rates in the order of magnitude of 1 mutant resistant cell per 106-107 cell division-1. It could be hypothesized that this cyanobacterium could adapt to sulphureous environment by the selection of favoured mutants.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through CGL2014-53682-P project. Predoctoral State Grant from Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation Plan, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness I+D+i ECC/1402/2013, 201