370 research outputs found
Organizational causes of accidents in manufacturing sector.
: Occupational safety is an important issue. Industrial engineering and
management plays an important role in a socio-technical view of accident causation.
This paper analyzes 418 official investigation reports of non-slight accidents
in the Andalusian manufacturing sector from 2004 to 2008. Investigation reports
include 1,311 causes identified and coded, of which 669 causes are directly related
to safety management and work organization. This paper shows how different
scenarios are related to specific causes of accidents and the association between
organizational and management causes and the mechanism of the accidents and
their immediate causes. In order to prevent, both severe and fatal accidents, managers
and safety experts should take into account these results in order to include
the most frequent causes as inputs for safety assessments
Framework for the use of official occupational accident investigations as a learning tool: analysis of a public programme for accident investigation in the manufacturing sector
Accident investigation is a useful tool for safety science. The use of
accident investigation as a learning tool at the macro level necessitates specific
requirements quite different from the usual needs at the company level. A
proper codification system and information on the accident scenarios are
needed to let safety practitioners identify if the information is useful for the
organisations they are assessing. In the same way epidemiological tools have
been applied to the analysis of circumstances of accidents, the epidemiological
statistical tools can help to draw conclusions for a set of investigated accidents.
Our case study includes the description of the dataset used in a programme for
learning from accidents in Andalusia: ‘Pudo haberse evitado’ (this can be
translated as ‘This could have been prevented’). This paper covers the
requisites for a macro-level learning programme and the possibilities of
analysis of the dataset in a ‘research to practice approach’
Cumplimiento del protocolo para el manejo de la Preeclampsia grave en mujeres atendidas en el servicio de Emergencia de Gineco Obstetricia del hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, Managua en el II semestre del año 2013
El presente trabajo se realizó para verificar el cumplimiento del protocolo para el manejo de Preeclampsia grave en mujeres atendidas en el servicio de emergencia de ginecoobstetricia del hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, Managua en el II semestre del año 2013. Con tal propósito se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; se procedió a la revisión de expedientes clÃnicos y se evaluó el cumplimiento del protocolo publicado en abril, 2013 a través del llenado de una ficha modificada basada en la ficha oficial del MINSA, la cual fue revisada y validada por las autoridades correspondientes. Se procedió a la revisión de 263 expedientes obteniendo una muestra de 156 expedientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia grave.
Los principales hallazgos fueron: la mayorÃa de las pacientes estaban entre el rango de edad de 20 a 34 años (61.5%), del total de pacientes un 59% eran primigesta.
Con relación al método diagnostico se obtuvo que un 46.8% fue diagnosticada con preeclampsia grave que correlaciona los dos criterios diagnósticos importantes para esta patologÃa que son la Identificación de Presión diastólica ≥ 110 mmHg en 2 ocasiones con intervalo de 4 horas después de 20 Semanas de Gestación e Identificación de Proteinuria en cinta reactiva 3+ o más en 2 tomas consecutivas e intervalo de 4 horas.
El cumplimiento de las medidas generales y farmacológicas antihipertensiva se cumplió en un 100% utilizando hidralazina como fármaco de elección y mantenimiento. Para la prevención de las convulsiones el sulfato de magnesio con el esquema de Zuspan es el fármaco más usado en estas pacientes en un 99.3% se utilizó adecuadamente y el nacimiento del bebe se produjo dentro de las primeras 24 horas después de establecido el diagnóstico.
Al terminar este estudio se concluyó que el cumplimiento del protocolo de preeclampsia grave en el servicio de emergencia del hospital Bertha Calderón Roque fue de un 84% de manera global destacando el cumplimiento de las medidas generales y tratamiento antihipertensivo ambos con el 100% seguido del tratamiento para la prevención de convulsiones 99.3% y por último con un 84% la aplicación de los criterios diagnóstico de preeclampsia grave.
Por los que las recomendaciones van enfocadas al fortalecimiento de la aplicación de dicho protocolo en los distintos niveles de atención en salud de Nicaragua
Analysis of Required Investigations of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Spain
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the most common source of occupational health problems in Western countries. In Spain, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can be reported either as accidents or occupational diseases. When reported as an occupational disease, a full diagnosis
is performed, as the compensation system needs the approval of the social security authority and a mandatory investigation has to be performed. Although many methods are available for investigating the causes of occupational accidents, occupational diseases have not been analysed
with the same depth, and there is a lack of investigation methods. This paper aims to analyse the role of 43 occupational investigations of causes of musculoskeletal diseases in the prevention cycle. This study is based on the occupational investigations performed by workplaces’ occupational health and safety specialists when musculoskeletal diseases are reported. The analysis of the data involves descriptive statistics and the Φ coeffcient. Based on administrative data, 68 workplaces employing
15,260 workers were surveyed and 41 workplaces with 13,201 workers submitted valid questionnaires to be analysed. The most frequent cause of reported musculoskeletal disease, in terms of primary risk, is repetitive movement. The only proposed measure with a significant association to the exposure by repetitive movements is job rotation (alternating workers between tasks within a job or between activities as a means to vary different levels of exposure). The investigation of occupational diseases has been useful in most of the cases for proposing preventive measures. Most of the workplaces
surveyed have performed investigations and adopted preventive measures, but the managers of some workplaces were not aware of any disease notification regarding their workers when surveyed. More research is needed to provide tools for this important task
Hiring procedures to implement stable allocations
Altres ajuts: DGCYT/PB 92-0590Altres ajuts: DGCYT/PB 94-1504We implement the stable correspondence of a job matching market in Subgame Perfect Equilibrium. We use a simple sequential mechanism in which firms propose a salary to each worker (first stage) and, then, each worker accepts at most one proposal (second stage). Moreover, if agents' preferences are additive, this mechanism implements in Subgame Perfect Equilibrium the firms' optimal correspondence when firms use undominated strategies. Finally, we construct another simple sequential mechanism where the order of decisions is permuted and which implements the workers' optimal correspondence when agents' preferences are additive
Creación de valor a través de la innovación en el sector industrial
Innovation is one of the main ways of improving productivity in the manufacturing sector. According to the PITEC survey on innovation in the Spanish enterprises, there is a reduction in the proportion of manufacturing enterprises that innovate from 2006 to 2011. At the same time, the analysis shows the importance of process innovation in the manufacturing sector, in comparison with product innovation, for the productivity improvement.La innovación es una de las principales vÃas de mejora de la productividad en el sector industrial. Según los datos de la encuesta PITEC de innovación en empresas españolas, se ha producido una disminución del porcentaje de empresas industriales que realizan innovación en el perÃodo 2006 a 2011. Por otra parte, el análisis realizado muestra la importancia que en el sector industrial español tiene la innovación en procesos, frente a la innovación en productos, para la mejora de la productividad
Perception of risk in construction. Exploring the factors that influence experts in occupational health and safety.
Risk perception is studied in many research disciplines. Although many of the factors that influence the perception of risk in the field of occupational risk prevention are known, there is still no complete understanding of the ways in which professionals in this sector perceive risks. This study analyzes the incidence of sociodemographic variables (gender, age, university degree, seniority of the qualification and professional experience) in the perception of the probability and consequences of accident risk of a group of Construction Safety and Health Experts. Additionally, the incidence of these variables has been evaluated in various stages of a construction. On the basis of a questionnaire survey of 30 construction processes, and applying a linear multilevel regression model, statistically significant differences in perceived risk were obtained depending on the age of the Construction Safety Experts, while it was determined that there is no significant difference in the perception of risk between men and women in this professional sector. Greater discrepancies were found when evaluating the overall risk of construction activities in the early stages of a construction site. Nevertheless, in spite of the sociodemographic differences between Construction Safety Experts, we conclude that their risk assessments are highly coherent
Modelo de negocio y riesgo de accidente: el caso del sector industrial andaluz
Business model affects all management areas, occupational safety too.
Decisions as establishment size, worker profiles both demographic and qualification,
have effect on the risk of accidents. Although this is an ecological study, the
results presented provide managers important information for planning and specially
for adopting specific preventive measures depending on the business model
chosenEl modelo de negocio influye en las diferentes áreas de gestión de la
empresa, también en la gestión de la seguridad laboral. Decisiones como el tama-
ño de los establecimientos, el perfil de los empleados tanto en términos demográ-
ficos como de cualificación, tienen efecto en el riesgo de accidentes. Aunque se
trata de un estudio ecológico, los resultados que presentamos proporcionan a los
gestores importante información a la hora de planificar y, sobre todo, de adoptar
medidas preventivas especÃficas en función del modelo de negocio elegid
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