Stress Intensity Factor Equations for the Evolution of Surface and Corner Cracks to Through Cracks

Part-through surface or corner 2D cracks are commonly found in structural components, even because practically all fatigue cracks tend to start this way. It is a reasonable hypothesis to model them assuming the shape of their 2D fronts can be approximated by an elliptical arc, as supported by many fractographic observations. However, their transition to a 1D through-crack, an important issue in many practical applications, is normally not properly addressed in fatigue life predictions. Although experimental results reveal that the frontiers of surface cracks essentially retain their elliptical shape as they gradually grow into an 1D through-crack, it is usual to assume they are immediately transformed into an 1D through-crack when their depth reaches the cracked component thickness. This crude approximation may create a large jump in stress intensity values, leading to excessively conservative fatigue crack growth predictions; or else, the crude shape jump hypothesis might induce false overload events that can much affect fatigue crack growth retardation models, leading to inadmissible non-conservative life predictions. To minimize such problems, an improved model to describe the transition of 2D surface cracks to 1D through-cracks is proposed and verified by crack propagation tests in two different materials, 4340 steel and polycarbonate (PC). Moreover, fatigue life predictions based on this improved model are compared with experimental results obtained with these two materials

Modeling 2D surface to 1D through-crack transitions using 2D point load weight function

Part-through surface or corner 2D cracks are commonly found in structural components. To model them assuming that the shape of their fronts is approximately elliptic is a quite reasonable hypothesis supported by fractographic observations, but their transition to a 1D through-crack normally is not properly addressed in fatigue life predictions. Although experimental data reveal that the frontier of 2D superficial cracks essentially retain their elliptical shape as they gradually grow into a through-crack, it is usual to assume they are immediately transformed into a 1D through-crack when their depth reaches the cracked component thickness. This oversimplified approximation may create a large jump in stress intensity values, leading to excessively conservative fatigue crack growth predictions, or else the crude shape jump hypothesis may induce false overload events that can much affect fatigue crack growth retardation models, leading to inadmissible non-conservative life predictions. To minimize such problems, a crack propagation strategy, based on a point load weight function, is proposed and verified by 2D crack propagation tests in two different materials, 4340 steel and polycarbonate (PC)

Antioxidant action of the flavonoids derivatives

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito antioxidante de derivados flavonoídicos da quercetina, naringenina, morina, e rutina, isolados da cultivar de soja UFV-5. Após acetilação com anidrido acético e piridina, e metilação com diazometano, esses compostos foram analisados para determinação de ação antioxidante por meio dos índices de acidez, iodo e peróxido e pela reação-de-Kreiss. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a naringenina metilada, naringenina acetilada, quercetina metilada e quercetina acetilada.The objective of this work was to verify the antioxidant effect of the flavonoid compounds quercetin, naringenin, morin, and rutin isolated from soybean, cultivar UFV-5. After acetylation with acetic anydride and pyridine, and methylation with diazomethane, indexes of acidity, iodine, and peroxide and Kreiss reaction were determined. The best results were obtained with methylated naringenin, acetylated naringenin, methylated quercetin, and acetylated quercetin

Legislation in Hospital Dentistry: Gaps, Perspectives and Desires

Objective: To analyze the existing state legislation, including not only the ordinary laws, but also their infralegal regulation and the state legislation on Hospital Dentistry. Material and Methods: A survey was carried out in the databases of the Legislative Assemblies of the Brazilian States and the Federal District, as well as the Regional and Federal Councils of Dentistry in Brazil. Subsequently, a survey was carried out in the databases of the Ministry of Health, State Dental Councils and Federal Dental Council in Brazil. Results: Only 8 Brazilian states have legislation in force regarding hospital dentistry, which represents 29.63% of the federative units. Among the Brazilian regions, the Midwest presented the highest prevalence of the laws found (37.50%), followed by the North (25%) and the other regions with the same coverage (12.50%). Also, an orientation and an ordinance from the Ministry of Health, six resolutions from the Federal Council of Dentistry, and a technical note from the National Health Surveillance Agency were found. Conclusion: Several States do not have rules on the subject, making it imperative to create a federal rule that not only imposes the presence of the dentist, but also regulates the proportion of the team, workload, and availability

Perinatal outcomes in pregnant drug users attended at a specialized center

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões perinatais do uso de drogas por gestantes atendidas em um ambulatório de alto risco. Método: estudo caso-controle, no qual foram avaliados 920 prontuários, no período de 2012-2013. O grupo caso foi constituído pelas gestantes usuárias de drogas lícitas/ilícitas (41) e o controle por gestantes de risco não usuárias (82). Resultados: as gestantes usuárias apresentaram risco aumentado para prematuridade (RR=2,64, p=0,02), baixo peso ao nascer (RR=5,42, p=0,01) e baixo índice de Apgar no 1º minuto (RR=2,97, p=0,01). Conclusão: os resultados indicam que gestantes usuárias de drogas apresentam desfechos perinatais desfavoráveis à gestação.Objective: to analyze the perinatal repercussions of drug use by pregnant women treated in a high risk outpatient clinic. Method: a case-control study in which 920 medical records were evaluated in the period 2012-2013. The case group consisted of pregnant women who used licit/illicit drugs (41) and the control group of non-user pregnant women (82). Results: pregnant women using drugs presented increased risk for prematurity (RR = 2.64, p = 0.02), low birth weight (RR = 5.42, p = 0.01) and low one-minute Apgar score (RR = 2.97, p = 0.01). Conclusion: the results indicate that pregnant women who use drugs have unfavorable perinatal outcomes during gestation.Objetivo: analizar los resultados perinatales de consumo de drogas por mujeres embarazadas en una clínica de alto riesgo. Método: estudio de casos y controles, que evaluó 920 registros médicos, en 2012-2013. El grupo de casos estaba compuesto de las mujeres embarazadas que drogas lícitas/ilegales (41) y el control del riesgo de las mujeres embarazadas no consumidores (82). Resultados: las mujeres embarazadas que se encontraban en mayor riesgo de parto prematuro (RR = 2,64, p = 0,02), bajo peso al nacer (RR = 5,42, p = 0,01) y la puntuación de Apgar baja a 1 minuto (RR = 2,97, p = 0,01). Conclusión: los resultados indican que las mujeres embarazadas que tienen las drogas adversos del embarazo los resultados perinatales

O referenciamento de usuários ao centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas

O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer, descrever e problematizar o referenciamento de usuários ao Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS ad) em Teresina (PI). Estudo descritivo realizado no CAPS ad após a investigação de 272 prontuários do período de julho de 2013 a janeiro de 2014. Identificou-se um pequeno número de usuários oriundos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (2,94%), enquanto que a demanda espontânea e as indicações de amigos e familiares somam 53,3%, além de se ter constatado que existem vários pontos emissores de referenciamento para o usuário. Tais resultados sugerem a necessidade de uma avaliação do trabalho realizado pela Estratégia Saúde da Família frente a esta demanda, a fim de se problematizar a sua falta de integração com o CAPS ad com vistas em ações resolutivas da vigilância em saúde, as quais controlem os entraves ao referenciamento dos usuários

Risk factors, biochemical markers, and genetic polymorphisms in early coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors, lipid and apolipoprotein profile, hemostasis variables, and polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII gene in early coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Case-control study with 112 patients in each group controlled by sex and age. After clinical evaluation and nutritional instruction, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays and genetic study. RESULTS: Familial history of early CAD (64 vs 39%), arterial hypertension (69 vs 36%), diabetes mellitus (25 vs 3%), and previous smoking (71 vs 46%) were more prevalent in the case group (p<0.001). Hypertension and diabetes were independent risk factors. Early CAD was characterized by higher serum levels of total cholesterol (235 ± 6 vs 209 ± 4 mg/dL), of LDL-c (154 ± 5 vs 135 ± 4 mg/dL), triglycerides (205 ± 12 vs 143 ± 9 mg/dL), and apolipoprotein B (129 ± 3 vs 105 ± 3 mg/dL), and lower serum levels of HDL-c (40 ± 1 vs 46 ± 1 mg/dL) and apolipoprotein AI (134 ± 2 vs 146 ± 2mg/dL) [p<0.01], in addition to an elevation in fibrinogen and D-dimer (p<0.02). The simultaneous presence of the rare alleles of the APO AI-CIII genes in early CAD are associated with hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Of the classical risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with early CAD. In addition to an unfavorable lipid profile, an increase in the thrombotic risk was identified in this population. An additive effect of the APO AI-CIII genes was observed in triglyceride levels.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) EPMUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

A review of Cushing’s disease treatment by the Department of Neuroendocrinology of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism

The treatment objectives for a patient with Cushing’s disease (CD) are remission of hypercortisolism, adequate management of co-morbidities, restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, preservation of fertility and pituitary function, and improvement of visual defects in cases of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is the main treatment option for the majority of cases, even in macroadenomas with low probability of remission. In cases of surgical failure, another subsequent pituitary surgery might be indicated in cases with persistent tumor imaging at post surgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or pathology analysis of adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive (ACTH+) positive pituitary adenoma in the first procedure. Medical treatment, radiotherapy and adrenalectomy are the other options when transsphenoidal pituitary surgery fails.There are several options of medical treatment, although cabergoline and ketoconazole are the most commonly used alone or in combination. Novel treatments are also addressed in this review. Different therapeutic approaches are frequently needed on an individual basis, both before and, particularly, after surgery, and they should be individualized. The objective of the present review is to provide the necessary information to achieve a more effective treatment for CD. It is recommended that patients with CD be followed at tertiary care centers with experience in treating this condition

PERFIL DOS GESTORES DAS FEDERAÇÕES DE TÊNIS DE MESA DO BRASIL

Os gestores das organizações esportivas são peças fundamentais para que estas entidades estabeleçam objetivos claros e desenvolvam seu planejamento de maneira eficiente e eficaz. No Brasil, as federações são as entidades de administração esportiva que representam regionalmente um esporte, determinando sua prática e seu desenvolvimento. Considerando o importante papel do gestor nessas organizações, este trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever o perfil sócio- demográfico e profissional dos presidentes de federações que administram o Tênis de Mesa no Brasil. Por meio de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória, obtiveram-se dados de 15 presidentes que gerem estas entidades, utilizando-se um questionário eletrônico validado. Foram realizadas análises por meio de estatística descritiva (IBM SPSS 20.0). Observou-se que entre os gestores do Tênis de Mesa brasileiro todos eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 43 anos, ex- atletas deste esporte. Na maior parte dos casos possuem formação de nível superior nas áreas de Educação Física, Administração e Direito; experiência prévia na área de gestão esportiva, chegando ao cargo por meio de processo eleitoral; e, exercem suas funções nas federações de forma parcial. Por fim, entende-se que ao gerar o conhecimento acerca do perfil destes gestores este trabalho pode contribuir de forma efetiva para fundamentar ações e políticas ligadas à formação destes profissionais e, consequentemente, com o avanço qualitativo na gestão esportiva nas federações esportivas do país.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio