Gymnopus Beltraniae, a new species of section Vestipedes (Agaricales) from the Canary Islands (Spain)

Gymnopus beltraniae, collected on the Canary Islands in 'monteverde'forest as well as mixed monteverde /Canary pine forest, is proposed as a new species belonging to sect. Vestipedes subsect. Vestipedes. It is compared with species from North and South America considered to represent the closest taxa in its section

Gymnopus Beltraniae, a new species of section Vestipedes (Agaricales) from the Canary Islands (Spain)

Gymnopus beltraniae, collected on the Canary Islands in 'monteverde'forest as well as mixed monteverde /Canary pine forest, is proposed as a new species belonging to sect. Vestipedes subsect. Vestipedes. It is compared with species from North and South America considered to represent the closest taxa in its section

Black hole lasers, a mode analysis

We show that the black hole laser effect discovered by Corley & Jacobson should be described in terms of frequency eigenmodes that are spatially bound. The spectrum contains a discrete and finite set of complex frequency modes which appear in pairs and which encode the laser effect. In addition, it contains real frequency modes that form a continuous set when space is infinite, and which are only elastically scattered, i.e., not subject to any Bogoliubov transformation. The quantization is straightforward, but the calculation of the asymptotic fluxes is rather involved. When the number of complex frequency modes is small, our expressions differ from those given earlier. In particular, when the region between the horizons shrinks, there is a minimal distance under which no complex frequency mode exists, and no radiation is emitted. Finally, we relate this effect to other dynamical instabilities found for rotating black holes and in electric fields, and we give the conditions to get this type of instability.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, main changes: new figure and new Sec.6 `conditions for having a laser effect', final version accepted in PR

Are you suffering from a large arterial occlusion? Please raise your arm!

Background and purpose: Triage tools to identify candidates for thrombectomy are of utmost importance in acute stroke. No prognostic tool has yet gained any widespread use. We compared the predictive value of various models based on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) subitems, ranging from simple to more complex models, for predicting large artery occlusion (LAO) in anterior circulation stroke. Methods: Patients registered in the SITS international Stroke Register with available NIHSS and radiological arterial occlusion data were analysed. We compared 2042 patients harbouring an LAO with 2881 patients having no/distal occlusions. Using binary logistic regression, we developed models ranging from simple 1 NIHSS-subitem to full NIHSS-subitems models. Sensitivities and specificities of the models for predicting LAO were examined. Results: The model with highest predictive value included all NIHSS subitems for predicting LAO (area under the curve (AUC) 0.77), yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 76%, respectively. The second most predictive model (AUC 0.76) included 4-NIHSS-subitems (level of consciousness commands, gaze, facial and arm motor function) yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 75%, respectively. The simplest model included only deficits in arm motor-function (AUC 0.72) for predicting LAO, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: Although increasingly more complex models yield a higher discriminative performance for predicting LAO, differences between models are not large. Assessing grade of arm dysfunction along with an established stroke-diagnosis model may serve as a surrogate measure of arterial occlusion-status, thereby assisting in triage decisions

Functional characterization of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE 3 in reproductive tissues

Arabidopsis encodes ten ARGONAUTE (AGO) effectors of RNA silencing, canonically loaded with either 21‐22 nucleotide (nt) long small RNAs (sRNA) to mediate post‐transcriptional‐gene‐silencing (PTGS) or 24nt sRNAs to promote RNA‐directed‐DNA‐methylation. Using full‐locus constructs, we characterized the expression, biochemical properties, and possible modes of action of AGO3. Although AGO3 arose from a recent duplication at the AGO2 locus, their expression patterns differ drastically, with AGO2 being expressed in both male and female gametes whereas AGO3 accumulates in aerial vascular terminations and specifically in chalazal seed integuments. Accordingly, AGO3 down‐regulation alters gene expression in siliques. Similar to AGO2, AGO3 binds sRNAs with a strong 5’‐adenosine bias, but unlike Arabidopsis AGO2, it binds most efficiently 24nt sRNAs. AGO3 immunoprecipitation experiments in siliques revealed that these sRNAs mostly correspond to genes and intergenic regions in a manner reflecting their respective accumulation from their loci‐of‐origin. AGO3 localizes to the cytoplasm and co‐fractionates with polysomes to possibly mediate PTGS via translation inhibition

The Xenopus Xmus101 protein is required for the recruitment of Cdc45 to origins of DNA replication

The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication involves origin recruitment and activation of the MCM2-7 complex, the putative replicative helicase. Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM)2-7 recruitment to origins in G1 requires origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdt1, and Cdc6, and activation at G1/S requires MCM10 and the protein kinases Cdc7 and S-Cdk, which together recruit Cdc45, a putative MCM2-7 cofactor required for origin unwinding. Here, we show that the Xenopus BRCA1 COOH terminus repeat–containing Xmus101 protein is required for loading of Cdc45 onto the origin. Xmus101 chromatin association is dependent on ORC, and independent of S-Cdk and MCM2-7. These results define a new factor that is required for Cdc45 loading. Additionally, these findings indicate that the initiation complex assembly pathway bifurcates early, after ORC association with the origin, and that two parallel pathways, one controlled by MCM2-7, and the other by Xmus101, cooperate to load Cdc45 onto the origin

Clustering of strong replicators associated with active promoters is sufficient to establish an early-replicating domain

Vertebrate genomes replicate according to a precise temporal program strongly correlated with their organization into A/B compartments. Until now, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of early-replicating domains remain largely unknown. We defined two minimal cis-element modules containing a strong replication origin and chromatin modifier binding sites capable of shifting a targeted mid-late-replicating region for earlier replication. The two origins overlap with a constitutive or a silent tissue-specific promoter. When inserted side-by-side, these modules advance replication timing over a 250 kb region through the cooperation with one endogenous origin located 30 kb away. Moreover, when inserted at two chromosomal sites separated by 30 kb, these two modules come into close physical proximity and form an early-replicating domain establishing more contacts with active A compartments. The synergy depends on the presence of the active promoter/origin. Our results show that clustering of strong origins located at active promoters can establish early-replicating domains

The monitoring of power system events on transmission and distribution level by the use of phasor measurements units

ABSTRAC

Emending Gymnopus sect. Gymnopus (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae) by including two new species from southern China

Based on phylogenetic analyses, some newly studied Chinese mushroom specimens were found to represent two distinct species within the genus Gymnopus. Along with G. fusipes (sect. Gymnopus) they form a distinct clade with high support, although their macromorphological characters seem to be closer to members of Gymnopus sect. Levipedes or sect. Vestipedes (Collybiopsis). When examined in detail, their micromorphological characters, especially the type of pileipellis, support them as new members of G. sect. Gymnopus. Therefore, two new species, G. omphalinoides and G. schizophyllus, and the emended circumscription of sect. Gymnopus are proposed in this paper. Detailed morphological descriptions, colour photos, illustrations of the two new species, morphological comparisons with similar taxa and the molecular-phylogenetic analyses of the combined nrITS and nrLSU data are presented. A key to the known species of G. sect. Gymnopus is also presented