Gymnopus beltraniae, collected on the Canary Islands in 'monteverde'forest as well as mixed monteverde /Canary pine forest, is proposed as a new species belonging to sect. Vestipedes subsect. Vestipedes. It is compared with species from North and South America considered to represent the closest taxa in its section

Antonin, V.

Bañares, A.

Moreno Horcajada, Gabriel

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

English

Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad de Alcalá

P E R S O O N I A
Volume 19 / 2: 255 – 259 (Published 8 August 2007)
GYMNOPUS BELTRANIAE, A NEW SPECIES OF 
SECTION VESTIPEDES (AGARICALES) FROM THE 
CANARY ISLANDS (SPAIN)
Á. BAÑARES1, V. ANTONÍN2 & G. MORENO3
Gymnopus beltraniae, collected on the Canary Islands in ‘monteverde’ forest as well 
as mixed monteverde/Canary pine forest, is proposed as a new species belonging 
to sect. Vestipedes subsect. Vestipedes. It is compared with species from North and 
South America considered to represent the closest taxa in its section.
Collecting fungi for an exhibition at the 5th and 16th ‘Jornadas Micológicas’ of Gran 
Canaria and Tenerife, respectively, we discovered an interesting Gymnopus species in 
mixed monteverde/Canary pine forest as well as in plantations of Pinus radiata D. Don. 
Further rich collections were subsequently found in genuine monteverde forest during 
collecting trips to Garajonay National Park on the island of La Gomera. ‘Monteverde 
forest’ is a form of Mediterranean hard-leaved forest that survives as a relict on the 
Canary Islands, following its disappearance from Mediterranean riversides in the course 
of glaciations at the end of the Tertiary period. 
 Based on its morphological features, the new Gymnopus species belongs to sect. 
Vestipedes (Fr.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel., close to the G. subnudus/biformis/sub-
fumosa group from North and South America. Following comparison of the Canary 
material with types and other collections of American and other species in its section, 
we decided to describe Gymnopus beltraniae as a new species.
 Microscopic features are described from material mounted in Melzer’s reagent and in 
Cotton blue. For the basidiospores the following factors are used: E (quotient of length 
and width in any one spore) and Q (mean of E-values). Colour abbreviations follow 
Kornerup & Wanscher (1983), and herbarium abbreviations follow Holmgren (2003).
Gymnopus beltraniae Bañares, Antonín & G. Moreno, spec. nov. — Figs. 1, 2
 Pileo 10–25 mm lato, convexo vel plano-convexo, rubro-brunneo, centro obscuriore. Lamel-
lis medio confertis. Stipite 50–80 × 3–5 mm, cylindraceo, dense tomentoso, rubro-brunneo, ad 
basim obscuriore. Basidiosporis (7.0–)8.0–9.5 × 3.5–4.5(–5.0) µm, (late) ellipsoideis, elipsoid-
fusiformibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Cheilocystidiis 28–45 × 7.0–11 µm, clavatis, cylindraceis, 
sublageniformibus, subutriformibus, irregularibus. Pileipellis ex hyphis cylindraceis, usque 12 µm 
latis, projectionibus irregularibus, tenuiparietalis. Caulocystidiis 18–35 × 4.5–8.0 µm, cylindraceis 
vel clavatis, nunquam irregularibus, tenuiparietalis vel leviter crassiparietalis. Hyphis ﬁbulatis, in 
stipite et medulla indextrinoideis. 
1) Dept. of Plant Biology (Botany), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; 
 e-mail: angelb@idecnet.com
2) Dept. of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic; 
 e-mail: vantonin@mzm.cz
3) Dept. of Plant Biology (Botany), University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; 
 e-mail: gabriel.moreno@uah.es
© 2007 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch
 PERSOONIA — Vol. 19, Part 2, 2007256
 Holotypus (hic designatus): Hispania, Insula Canaria, Tenerife (Aguamansa), 25.XI.1997, leg. 
E. Beltrán, in herbario TFC Mic. 8277 asservatur (isotypus in herbario BRNM 691175 asservatur).
 Etymology: beltraniae, Dra. Esperanza Beltrán-Tejera dedicatum est.
 Carpophores caespitose. Pileus 10–25 mm broad, convex when young, then ex-
panding to plano-convex, sometimes umbilicate, with involute and striate margin, 
not or slightly hygrophanous, reddish brown to flesh coloured, usually with darker 
centre. Lamellae rather distant, L = 24–30, l = 11–23, free, furcate, white to cream, 
with concolorous, flocculose edge. Stipe 50–80 × 3–5 mm, cylindrical, sometimes 
longitudinally compressed and grooved, densely hairy or velvety, same colour as pileus 
but with darker base. Smell fruity.
 Basidiospores (3 collections) (7.0–)8.0–9.5 × 3.5–4.5(–5.0) µm, av = 8.4 × 4.1 µm, 
E = 1.8–2.4, Q = 2.0–2.1 (in one carpophore of coll. 8277: 8.0–10(–11) × 4.0–5.5(–6.0) 
µm, av = 9.2 × 5.1 µm, E = 1.5–2.0, Q = 1.8), (broadly) ellipsoid, fusoid-ellipsoid, 
thin-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid. Basidia 25–27 × 8.0 µm, 4-spored, clavate. Ba-
sidioles 15–30(–35) × 3.0–8.0 µm, cylindrical, clavate or subfusoid. Cheilocystidia 
28–45 × 7.0–11 µm, clavate, cylindrical, sublageniform or subutriform, often irregular 
or subcoralloid, sometimes branched, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Pleurocystidia 
absent. Trama hyphae cylindrical, thin-walled, subhyaline, non-dextrinoid, up to 10.0 
µm wide. Pileipellis a cutis composed of radially arranged, cylindrical to subinflated, 
mostly distinctly incrusted, thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae up to 12 µm wide, 
with branched, narrow (up to 5.0 µm), thin-walled projections; incrustation dark brown 
Fig. 1. Gymnopus beltraniae. Habit sketch. Del. Carlos Rodríguez.
5 mm
257  Bañares, Antonín & Moreno: Gymnopus beltraniae from the Canary Islands
in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis consisting of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, 
non-dextrinoid hyphae up to 5.0 µm wide, with pale yellowish greyish walls in KOH. 
Caulocystidia numerous, 18–35 × 4.5–8.0 µm, cylindrical to clavate, sometimes ir-
regular, sometimes with a small rostrum, thin- to thick-walled, non-dextrinoid. Clamp-
connections present.
 Ecology — Saprotrophic, common in a mixed monteverde/Canary pine forest, among 
needles of Pinus canariensis and in a stand with introduced Pinus radiata. Also in a 
genuine monteverde forest, among leaves of Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco and Myrica 
faya Aiton, on wood of dead trees and rhizomes of Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. 
 Revised specimens: Spain: Canary Islands, Gran Canaria, Fontanales, pinar de Galeote, 
18.XII.1992, leg. Á. Bañares & G. Moreno (TFC Mic. 8294). – Tenerife, pinar cerca de Aguamansa, 
25.XI.1997, leg. E. Beltrán (holotype TFC 8277; isotype BRNM 691175). – La Gomera, Garajonay 
National Park (Meriga), 11.XI.2000, leg. Á. Bañares (TFC Mic. 9773, BRNM 691177); Garajonay 
National Park (Chorros de Epina), 11.XI.2000, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 9768); Garajonay National 
Park (near Agando), 12.XI.2000, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 9703, BRNM 691176); Garajonay National 
Park (Llanos de Crispín), 29.XI.2000, leg. Á. Bañares (TFC Mic. 10842); Garajonay National Park 
(near El Quemado), 20.I.2001, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 10844); Garajonay National Park (Jardín 
de las Creces), 21.I.2001, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 10843).
 Gymnopus beltraniae is characterised macroscopically by its caespitose carpophores, 
a convex then plano-convex pileus which is reddish brown to flesh coloured, darker at 
the centre, and not or only slightly hygrophanous, rather distant lamellae, and densely 
hairy or velvety stipe which is sometimes longitudinally compressed and grooved and 
which is concolorous with the pileus but with a darker base. Microscopically G. bel- 
traniae is characterised by its moderately large basidiospores, clavate, cylindrical, 
Fig. 2. Gymnopus beltraniae (holotype). a. Pileipellis hyphae; b. cheilocystidia; c. basidiospores; 
d. caulocystidia. Scale bar = 20 µm. Del. Vladimír Antonín.
 PERSOONIA — Vol. 19, Part 2, 2007258
sublageniform or subutriform cheilocystidia which are often irregular and branched, a 
pileipellis composed of radially arranged, cylindrical to subinflated, mostly incrusted 
hyphae with branches and projections, and numerous, cylindrical to clavate, some-
times irregular caulocystidia. Based on these characters, it belongs to sect. Vestipedes 
subsect. Vestipedes (Antonín & Noordeloos, 1997). A photograph has been published 
by Dähncke (1998) as Collybia tergina (Fr.) Lundell.
 The closest species are those of the G. subnudus/biformis/subfumosus group from 
North and South America. 
 Gymnopus biformis (Peck) Halling (holotype NYS 0354) has less distant lamellae, 
a stipe white above and tawny to vinaceous brown toward the base (Halling, 1983, 
1997), smaller basidiospores (7.0–8.5 × 3.0–3.5(–4.0) µm), and distinctly coralloid 
cheilocystidia. This species has recently also been found in Japan (Miyamoto et al., 
1998). 
 Gymnopus subpruinosus (Murrill) Desjardin, Halling & Hemmes (holotype NY) 
differs in its non-caespitose carpophores, a broader, striate-rugulose, innately ﬁbrillose 
pileus (15–40 mm broad, 20–60 mm according to Dennis, 1951), a pileus colour which 
is chestnut-brown to reddish brown at centre, elsewhere medium brown and occasion-
ally tinged purplish brownish, and a smaller stipe measuring 20–50 × 1.0–3.0 mm 
(Halling, 1983, 1997). Cheilocystidia are partly similar to G. beltraniae, partly with 
distinctly coralloid-diverticulate apex. 
 Gymnopus subnudus (Ellis ex Peck) Halling (holotype NY) has a rapidly rugulose-
sulcate pileus, which may be rugulose-undulate at margin, and is cinnamon brown when 
fresh, usually fading to cinnamon with age or when dried; it also has a stipe which 
is subglabrous above, whitish to greyish pubescent below, appearing glabrous when 
wet or water soaked (Halling, 1983, 1997). Microscopically, G. subnudus has larger 
basidiospores (9.5–12 × 4.0–5.0 µm) and cheilocystidia which are larger (28–63 × 
5.0–8.5 µm) and differently shaped (subulate, cylindrical or fusoid, sometimes apically 
coralloid). Not having the type specimen available, we studied three recent collections 
from the USA preserved in the NYS herbarium (see list below). 
 Collybia subfumosa Speg. (holotype LPS 16121) has a 10–60 mm broad, light brown 
to brown then brownish orange pileus, crowded lamellae, and a slightly larger (25–90 
× 2–7 mm), white then light brown stipe which is apically ± glabrous and subpubescent 
towards the base (Halling, in litt.; Spegazzini, 1887). Basidiospores are larger (8.5–11 
× 5.3–6.0 µm) and cheilocystidia smaller (18–31 × 7.0–12 µm), (broadly) clavate, 
sometimes irregular (the type specimens are covered by mould). Dennis (1951), how-
ever, mentioned an orange-cinnamon streaked pileus with brown ﬁbrils, a ﬁnely velvety 
stipe, basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 4–5 µm, and no cheilocystidia. This probably 
represents a different species. An interpretation of the species by Pegler (1983) differs 
in having a white pruinose stipe (with hairs), basidiospores measuring 7.5–10 × 4–5.2 
µm, and short (20–32 × 6–8 µm) cheilocystidia.
 Gymnopus contrarius (Peck) Halling (= Collybia pinastris (Kauffman) Mitchel 
& A.H. Sm.) has a snuff to buffy brown pileus when fresh, fading with age to clay 
or ochraceous buff on the disc and yellowish buff towards the margin. It also has a 
smaller stipe (20–40 × (0.5–)1–1.5(–2.5) mm), a slightly alliaceous, garlic or rotten 
cabbage odour, a taste of garlic, subastringent or not, slightly narrower basidiospores 
((7.4–)8.6–9.8(–10.8) × 3.2–4.4 µm), and lacks cheilo- and pleurocystidia (Halling, 
259  Bañares, Antonín & Moreno: Gymnopus beltraniae from the Canary Islands
1983, 1997). According to Miyamoto et al. (1998), its pileus is even smaller (4–16 mm 
broad), brown to reddish brown at centre and paler to pinkish white towards margin or 
entirely pale brown and fading to very pale brown when old, and more distant lamellae 
(L = 13–23).
 Gymnopus subcyathiformis (Murrill) Desjardin, Halling & Hemmes has a smaller 
pileus, 10–15(–30) mm across, which ﬁnally becomes centrally depressed, a longer 
(20–125 × 1–5 mm), pruinose stipe, smaller basidiospores (4.5–7.8 × 2.3–3 µm), and 
smaller (7–30 × 1.5–3 µm), ﬁliform cheilocystidia (Pegler, 1977).
 Gymnopus allegretii (De Seynes) A.W. Wilson, Desjardin & E. Horak has a larger 
(20–50 mm across), yellowish grey, then light pinkish cinnamon or cartridge buff 
pileus, a larger stipe (30–100 × 3–8 mm), smaller basidiospores (5.5–8 × 3–3.7 µm), 
and smaller (14–35 × 2–6 µm) nodulose cheilocystidia (Pegler, 1977).
 Revised specimens of other species: Collybia subfumosa: Brazil, Apiahy, Serra Paranapiacaba, 
V.1888, leg. J. Puiggari 2914 (holotype LPS 16121). Gymnopus biformis: USA: New York, Sand 
Lake, VIII.1902, leg. C.H. Peck (holotype of Marasmius biformis NYS 0354). Gymnopus subnudus: 
USA: Massachusetts, Sunderland, Mt Toby, 10.VIII.1953, leg. H.E. & M.E. Bigelow 8376, det. M. 
Gilliam (NYS). – Massachusetts, Franklin Co., route 202 north of New Salem, 14.VII.1977, leg. et 
det. R.E. Halling 2094 (NYS). – Maine, Penobscot Co., Old Town Orono, College Ave., 5.VIII.1979, 
leg. et det. R.E. Halling 2948 (NYS). Gymnopus subpruinosus: Jamaica, Cockpit Co., Troy and Tyre, 
12–14.I.1909, leg. W.A. Murrill & W. Harris 947 (holotype of Marasmius subpruinosus NY).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The ﬁrst author (A.B.) wishes to thank the administration of the Garajonay National Park for sup-
porting the study of fungi, led by Dr. Esperanza Beltrán. The research of the second author (V.A.) 
was ﬁnancially supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (MK0CEZ00F2402 and 
MK00009486201).
REFERENCES
Antonín, V. & M.E. Noordeloos. 1997. A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in 
Europe. Part 2: Collybia, Gymnopus, Rhodocollybia, Crinipellis, Chaetocalathus, and additions 
to Marasmiellus. Libri Botanici 17: 1–256.
Dähncke, R.M. 1998. Las setas/Die Pilze in La Palma. La Palma.
Dennis, R.W.G. 1951. Some agaricaceae of Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae. Part 1. Trans. 
Brit. Mycol. Soc. 34: 411–482.
Halling, R.E. 1983. The genus Collybia (Agaricales) in the north-eastern United States and adjacent 
Canada. Mycol. Memoir 8: 1–148.
Halling, R.E. 1997. A revision of Collybia s.l. in the north-eastern United States and adjacent Canada. 
Internet page http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/col.
Holmgren, P.K. 2003. Index herbariorum. Internet page http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHer-
bariorum.asp.
Kornerup, A. & J.H. Wanscher. 1983. Methuen handbook of colour. Ed. 3. London.
Miyamoto, T., T. Igarashi & K. Takahashi. 1998. Collybia biformis and C. pinastri new to Japan. 
Mycoscience 39: 205–209.
Pegler, D.N. 1977. A preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 6: 1–615.
Pegler, D.N. 1983. Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew. Bull., Addit. Ser. 9: 1–668.
Spegazzini, C.L. 1887. Fungi Puiggariani. Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 11: 381–622.


Gymnopus Beltraniae, a new species of section Vestipedes (Agaricales) from the Canary Islands (Spain)

Moreno Horcajada, Gabriel Alfonso

e_Buah - Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad de Alcalá

P E R S O O N I AVolume 19 / 2: 255 – 259 (Published 8 August 2007)GYMNOPUS BELTRANIAE, A NEW SPECIES OF SECTION VESTIPEDES (AGARICALES) FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS (SPAIN)Á. BAÑARES1, V. ANTONÍN2 & G. MORENO3Gymnopus beltraniae, collected on the Canary Islands in ‘monteverde’ forest as well as mixed monteverde/Canary pine forest, is proposed as a new species belonging to sect. Vestipedes subsect. Vestipedes. It is compared with species from North and South America considered to represent the closest taxa in its section.Collecting fungi for an exhibition at the 5th and 16th ‘Jornadas Micológicas’ of Gran Canaria and Tenerife, respectively, we discovered an interesting Gymnopus species in mixed monteverde/Canary pine forest as well as in plantations of Pinus radiata D. Don. Further rich collections were subsequently found in genuine monteverde forest during collecting trips to Garajonay National Park on the island of La Gomera. ‘Monteverde forest’ is a form of Mediterranean hard-leaved forest that survives as a relict on the Canary Islands, following its disappearance from Mediterranean riversides in the course of glaciations at the end of the Tertiary period.  Based on its morphological features, the new Gymnopus species belongs to sect. Vestipedes (Fr.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel., close to the G. subnudus/biformis/sub-fumosa group from North and South America. Following comparison of the Canary material with types and other collections of American and other species in its section, we decided to describe Gymnopus beltraniae as a new species. Microscopic features are described from material mounted in Melzer’s reagent and in Cotton blue. For the basidiospores the following factors are used: E (quotient of length and width in any one spore) and Q (mean of E-values). Colour abbreviations follow Kornerup & Wanscher (1983), and herbarium abbreviations follow Holmgren (2003).Gymnopus beltraniae Bañares, Antonín & G. Moreno, spec. nov. — Figs. 1, 2 Pileo 10–25 mm lato, convexo vel plano-convexo, rubro-brunneo, centro obscuriore. Lamel-lis medio confertis. Stipite 50–80 × 3–5 mm, cylindraceo, dense tomentoso, rubro-brunneo, ad basim obscuriore. Basidiosporis (7.0–)8.0–9.5 × 3.5–4.5(–5.0) µm, (late) ellipsoideis, elipsoid-fusiformibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Cheilocystidiis 28–45 × 7.0–11 µm, clavatis, cylindraceis, sublageniformibus, subutriformibus, irregularibus. Pileipellis ex hyphis cylindraceis, usque 12 µm latis, projectionibus irregularibus, tenuiparietalis. Caulocystidiis 18–35 × 4.5–8.0 µm, cylindraceis vel clavatis, nunquam irregularibus, tenuiparietalis vel leviter crassiparietalis. Hyphis fibulatis, in stipite et medulla indextrinoideis. 1) Dept. of Plant Biology (Botany), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain;  e-mail: angelb@idecnet.com2) Dept. of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic;  e-mail: vantonin@mzm.cz3) Dept. of Plant Biology (Botany), University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;  e-mail: gabriel.moreno@uah.es© 2007 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch PERSOONIA — Vol. 19, Part 2, 2007256 Holotypus (hic designatus): Hispania, Insula Canaria, Tenerife (Aguamansa), 25.XI.1997, leg. E. Beltrán, in herbario TFC Mic. 8277 asservatur (isotypus in herbario BRNM 691175 asservatur). Etymology: beltraniae, Dra. Esperanza Beltrán-Tejera dedicatum est. Carpophores caespitose. Pileus 10–25 mm broad, convex when young, then ex-panding to plano-convex, sometimes umbilicate, with involute and striate margin, not or slightly hygrophanous, reddish brown to flesh coloured, usually with darker centre. Lamellae rather distant, L = 24–30, l = 11–23, free, furcate, white to cream, with concolorous, flocculose edge. Stipe 50–80 × 3–5 mm, cylindrical, sometimes longitudinally compressed and grooved, densely hairy or velvety, same colour as pileus but with darker base. Smell fruity. Basidiospores (3 collections) (7.0–)8.0–9.5 × 3.5–4.5(–5.0) µm, av = 8.4 × 4.1 µm, E = 1.8–2.4, Q = 2.0–2.1 (in one carpophore of coll. 8277: 8.0–10(–11) × 4.0–5.5(–6.0) µm, av = 9.2 × 5.1 µm, E = 1.5–2.0, Q = 1.8), (broadly) ellipsoid, fusoid-ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid. Basidia 25–27 × 8.0 µm, 4-spored, clavate. Ba-sidioles 15–30(–35) × 3.0–8.0 µm, cylindrical, clavate or subfusoid. Cheilocystidia 28–45 × 7.0–11 µm, clavate, cylindrical, sublageniform or subutriform, often irregular or subcoralloid, sometimes branched, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Trama hyphae cylindrical, thin-walled, subhyaline, non-dextrinoid, up to 10.0 µm wide. Pileipellis a cutis composed of radially arranged, cylindrical to subinflated, mostly distinctly incrusted, thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae up to 12 µm wide, with branched, narrow (up to 5.0 µm), thin-walled projections; incrustation dark brown Fig. 1. Gymnopus beltraniae. Habit sketch. Del. Carlos Rodríguez.5 mm257  Bañares, Antonín & Moreno: Gymnopus beltraniae from the Canary Islandsin KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis consisting of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, non-dextrinoid hyphae up to 5.0 µm wide, with pale yellowish greyish walls in KOH. Caulocystidia numerous, 18–35 × 4.5–8.0 µm, cylindrical to clavate, sometimes ir-regular, sometimes with a small rostrum, thin- to thick-walled, non-dextrinoid. Clamp-connections present. Ecology — Saprotrophic, common in a mixed monteverde/Canary pine forest, among needles of Pinus canariensis and in a stand with introduced Pinus radiata. Also in a genuine monteverde forest, among leaves of Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco and Myrica faya Aiton, on wood of dead trees and rhizomes of Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm.  Revised specimens: Spain: Canary Islands, Gran Canaria, Fontanales, pinar de Galeote, 18.XII.1992, leg. Á. Bañares & G. Moreno (TFC Mic. 8294). – Tenerife, pinar cerca de Aguamansa, 25.XI.1997, leg. E. Beltrán (holotype TFC 8277; isotype BRNM 691175). – La Gomera, Garajonay National Park (Meriga), 11.XI.2000, leg. Á. Bañares (TFC Mic. 9773, BRNM 691177); Garajonay National Park (Chorros de Epina), 11.XI.2000, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 9768); Garajonay National Park (near Agando), 12.XI.2000, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 9703, BRNM 691176); Garajonay National Park (Llanos de Crispín), 29.XI.2000, leg. Á. Bañares (TFC Mic. 10842); Garajonay National Park (near El Quemado), 20.I.2001, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 10844); Garajonay National Park (Jardín de las Creces), 21.I.2001, leg. E. Beltrán (TFC Mic. 10843). Gymnopus beltraniae is characterised macroscopically by its caespitose carpophores, a convex then plano-convex pileus which is reddish brown to flesh coloured, darker at the centre, and not or only slightly hygrophanous, rather distant lamellae, and densely hairy or velvety stipe which is sometimes longitudinally compressed and grooved and which is concolorous with the pileus but with a darker base. Microscopically G. bel- traniae is characterised by its moderately large basidiospores, clavate, cylindrical, Fig. 2. Gymnopus beltraniae (holotype). a. Pileipellis hyphae; b. cheilocystidia; c. basidiospores; d. caulocystidia. Scale bar = 20 µm. Del. Vladimír Antonín. PERSOONIA — Vol. 19, Part 2, 2007258sublageniform or subutriform cheilocystidia which are often irregular and branched, a pileipellis composed of radially arranged, cylindrical to subinflated, mostly incrusted hyphae with branches and projections, and numerous, cylindrical to clavate, some-times irregular caulocystidia. Based on these characters, it belongs to sect. Vestipedes subsect. Vestipedes (Antonín & Noordeloos, 1997). A photograph has been published by Dähncke (1998) as Collybia tergina (Fr.) Lundell. The closest species are those of the G. subnudus/biformis/subfumosus group from North and South America.  Gymnopus biformis (Peck) Halling (holotype NYS 0354) has less distant lamellae, a stipe white above and tawny to vinaceous brown toward the base (Halling, 1983, 1997), smaller basidiospores (7.0–8.5 × 3.0–3.5(–4.0) µm), and distinctly coralloid cheilocystidia. This species has recently also been found in Japan (Miyamoto et al., 1998).  Gymnopus subpruinosus (Murrill) Desjardin, Halling & Hemmes (holotype NY) differs in its non-caespitose carpophores, a broader, striate-rugulose, innately fibrillose pileus (15–40 mm broad, 20–60 mm according to Dennis, 1951), a pileus colour which is chestnut-brown to reddish brown at centre, elsewhere medium brown and occasion-ally tinged purplish brownish, and a smaller stipe measuring 20–50 × 1.0–3.0 mm (Halling, 1983, 1997). Cheilocystidia are partly similar to G. beltraniae, partly with distinctly coralloid-diverticulate apex.  Gymnopus subnudus (Ellis ex Peck) Halling (holotype NY) has a rapidly rugulose-sulcate pileus, which may be rugulose-undulate at margin, and is cinnamon brown when fresh, usually fading to cinnamon with age or when dried; it also has a stipe which is subglabrous above, whitish to greyish pubescent below, appearing glabrous when wet or water soaked (Halling, 1983, 1997). Microscopically, G. subnudus has larger basidiospores (9.5–12 × 4.0–5.0 µm) and cheilocystidia which are larger (28–63 × 5.0–8.5 µm) and differently shaped (subulate, cylindrical or fusoid, sometimes apically coralloid). Not having the type specimen available, we studied three recent collections from the USA preserved in the NYS herbarium (see list below).  Collybia subfumosa Speg. (holotype LPS 16121) has a 10–60 mm broad, light brown to brown then brownish orange pileus, crowded lamellae, and a slightly larger (25–90 × 2–7 mm), white then light brown stipe which is apically ± glabrous and subpubescent towards the base (Halling, in litt.; Spegazzini, 1887). Basidiospores are larger (8.5–11 × 5.3–6.0 µm) and cheilocystidia smaller (18–31 × 7.0–12 µm), (broadly) clavate, sometimes irregular (the type specimens are covered by mould). Dennis (1951), how-ever, mentioned an orange-cinnamon streaked pileus with brown fibrils, a finely velvety stipe, basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 4–5 µm, and no cheilocystidia. This probably represents a different species. An interpretation of the species by Pegler (1983) differs in having a white pruinose stipe (with hairs), basidiospores measuring 7.5–10 × 4–5.2 µm, and short (20–32 × 6–8 µm) cheilocystidia. Gymnopus contrarius (Peck) Halling (= Collybia pinastris (Kauffman) Mitchel & A.H. Sm.) has a snuff to buffy brown pileus when fresh, fading with age to clay or ochraceous buff on the disc and yellowish buff towards the margin. It also has a smaller stipe (20–40 × (0.5–)1–1.5(–2.5) mm), a slightly alliaceous, garlic or rotten cabbage odour, a taste of garlic, subastringent or not, slightly narrower basidiospores ((7.4–)8.6–9.8(–10.8) × 3.2–4.4 µm), and lacks cheilo- and pleurocystidia (Halling, 259  Bañares, Antonín & Moreno: Gymnopus beltraniae from the Canary Islands1983, 1997). According to Miyamoto et al. (1998), its pileus is even smaller (4–16 mm broad), brown to reddish brown at centre and paler to pinkish white towards margin or entirely pale brown and fading to very pale brown when old, and more distant lamellae (L = 13–23). Gymnopus subcyathiformis (Murrill) Desjardin, Halling & Hemmes has a smaller pileus, 10–15(–30) mm across, which finally becomes centrally depressed, a longer (20–125 × 1–5 mm), pruinose stipe, smaller basidiospores (4.5–7.8 × 2.3–3 µm), and smaller (7–30 × 1.5–3 µm), filiform cheilocystidia (Pegler, 1977). Gymnopus allegretii (De Seynes) A.W. Wilson, Desjardin & E. Horak has a larger (20–50 mm across), yellowish grey, then light pinkish cinnamon or cartridge buff pileus, a larger stipe (30–100 × 3–8 mm), smaller basidiospores (5.5–8 × 3–3.7 µm), and smaller (14–35 × 2–6 µm) nodulose cheilocystidia (Pegler, 1977). Revised specimens of other species: Collybia subfumosa: Brazil, Apiahy, Serra Paranapiacaba, V.1888, leg. J. Puiggari 2914 (holotype LPS 16121). Gymnopus biformis: USA: New York, Sand Lake, VIII.1902, leg. C.H. Peck (holotype of Marasmius biformis NYS 0354). Gymnopus subnudus: USA: Massachusetts, Sunderland, Mt Toby, 10.VIII.1953, leg. H.E. & M.E. Bigelow 8376, det. M. Gilliam (NYS). – Massachusetts, Franklin Co., route 202 north of New Salem, 14.VII.1977, leg. et det. R.E. Halling 2094 (NYS). – Maine, Penobscot Co., Old Town Orono, College Ave., 5.VIII.1979, leg. et det. R.E. Halling 2948 (NYS). Gymnopus subpruinosus: Jamaica, Cockpit Co., Troy and Tyre, 12–14.I.1909, leg. W.A. Murrill & W. Harris 947 (holotype of Marasmius subpruinosus NY).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe first author (A.B.) wishes to thank the administration of the Garajonay National Park for sup-porting the study of fungi, led by Dr. Esperanza Beltrán. The research of the second author (V.A.) was financially supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (MK0CEZ00F2402 and MK00009486201).REFERENCESAntonín, V. & M.E. Noordeloos. 1997. A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in Europe. Part 2: Collybia, Gymnopus, Rhodocollybia, Crinipellis, Chaetocalathus, and additions to Marasmiellus. Libri Botanici 17: 1–256.Dähncke, R.M. 1998. Las setas/Die Pilze in La Palma. La Palma.Dennis, R.W.G. 1951. Some agaricaceae of Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae. Part 1. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 34: 411–482.Halling, R.E. 1983. The genus Collybia (Agaricales) in the north-eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Mycol. Memoir 8: 1–148.Halling, R.E. 1997. A revision of Collybia s.l. in the north-eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Internet page http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/col.Holmgren, P.K. 2003. Index herbariorum. Internet page http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHer-bariorum.asp.Kornerup, A. & J.H. Wanscher. 1983. Methuen handbook of colour. Ed. 3. London.Miyamoto, T., T. Igarashi & K. Takahashi. 1998. Collybia biformis and C. pinastri new to Japan. Mycoscience 39: 205–209.Pegler, D.N. 1977. A preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 6: 1–615.Pegler, D.N. 1983. Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew. Bull., Addit. Ser. 9: 1–668.Spegazzini, C.L. 1887. Fungi Puiggariani. Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 11: 381–622.

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Gymnopus Beltraniae, a new species of section Vestipedes (Agaricales) from the Canary Islands (Spain)

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