Pengaruh Penggunaan Kombinasi Viscosity Modifying Admixtures Dan Superplasticizer Terhadap Rheologi Mortar Dan Beton Self Compacting Concrete

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) merupakan salah satu teknologi bahan konstruksi yang berkembang dengan pesat karena kebutuhan terhadap SCC yang semakin banyak. Hal ini disebabkan semakin banyaknya struktur beton yang mempunyai keanekaragaman bentuk dan nilai artistik yang tinggi, yang menimbulkan tantangan dalam pembuatannya. Dalam pembuatan SCC terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerjanya, namun penelitian ini difokuskan terhadap pengaruh admixtures yang digunakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengevaluasirheologi dan kuat tekan mortar dan beton SCC. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis admixtures yaitu superplasticizer dan Viscosity Modifying Admixtures (VMA). Pada mortar digunakan mix design berdasarkan volume, dengan perbandingan pasir : pasta sebesar 50:50 dan Vw/Vp sebesar 0.8. Pada beton SCC digunakan mix desain berdasarkan volume dengan perbandingan agregat kasar : mortar sebesar 30:70, pasir : pasta sebesar 40:60, dan Vw/Vp sebesar 0.8. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi VMA dan Superplasticizer yang tepat pada mortar dan beton dapat menstabilkan campuran yang mengalami bleeding dan segregasi. Selain itu juga dapat meningkatkan nilai flow dan kuat tekan bila dibandingkan dengan campuran yang mengalami bleeding dan segregasi

Pemanfaatan Bottom Ash Dan Fly Ash Tipe C Sebagai Bahan Pengganti Dalam Pembuatan Paving Block

PT. PLTU Paiton menghasilkan 7.5 ton fly ash dan 2.5 ton bottom ash setiap jam. Pemanfaatan bottom ash masih sangat minimal, sehingga mengakibatkkan timbunan bottom ash yang semakin meningkat, dan cendrung mencemari lingkungan dan kesehatan. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut maka perlu adanya USAha untuk memanfaatkan limbah batu bara, salah satunya melalui pembuatan paving block. Sampel tahap pertama terbuat dari campuran semen dan bottom ash (lolos ayakan 2 atau 5 mm) dengan perbandingan massa 1:3, 1:4, dan 1:5. Komposisi campuran dengan properti paling baik (kuat tekan, serapan air, dan ketahanan aus) dimodifikasi dalam tahap kedua, yaitu mengganti porsi semen sebanyak 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, dan 80% dengan fly ash tipe C. Pada tahap ketiga, sampel dengan 30 dan 50% fly ash dibuat kembali menggunakan gabungan bottom ash lolos ayakan 5 dan 10 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah curing selama 28 hari, penggunaan bottom ash lolos ayakan 5 mm menghasilkan paving dengan properti lebih baik dibanding bottom ash lolos ayakan 2mm. Penambahan jumlah bottom ash menurunkan properti paving dan penggantian fly ash atas semen paling optimum adalah sebesar 20-50%. Penggunaan 50% bottom ash lolos ayakan 10 mm dan 50% lolos ayakan 5 mm meningkatkan properti paving dengan kuat tekan melampaui 40 MPa

First and second order clustering transitions for a system with infinite-range attractive interaction

We consider a Hamiltonian system made of $N$ classical particles moving in two dimensions, coupled via an {\it infinite-range interaction} gauged by a parameter $A$. This system shows a low energy phase with most of the particles trapped in a unique cluster. At higher energy it exhibits a transition towards a homogenous phase. For sufficiently strong coupling $A$ an intermediate phase characterized by two clusters appears. Depending on the value of $A$ the observed transitions can be either second or first order in the canonical ensemble. In the latter case microcanonical results differ dramatically from canonical ones. However, a canonical analysis, extended to metastable and unstable states, is able to describe the microcanonical equilibrium phase. In particular, a microcanonical negative specific heat regime is observed in the proximity of the transition whenever it is canonically discontinuous. In this regime, {\it microcanonically stable} states are shown to correspond to {\it saddles} of the Helmholtz free energy, located inside the spinodal region.Comment: 4 pages, Latex - 3 EPS Figs - Submitted to Phys. Rev.

KASCADE: Astrophysical results and tests of hadronic interaction models

KASCADE is a multi-detector setup to get redundant information on single air shower basis. The information is used to perform multiparameter analyses to solve the threefold problem of the reconstruction of (i)the unknown primary energy, (ii) the primary mass, and (iii) to quantify the characteristics of the hadronic interactions in the air-shower development. In this talk recent results of the KASCADE data analyses are summarized concerning cosmic ray anisotropy studies, determination of flux spectra for different primary mass groups, and approaches to test hadronic interaction models. Neither large scale anisotropies nor point sources were found in the KASCADE data set. The energy spectra of the light element groups result in a knee-like bending and a steepening above the knee. The topology of the individual knee positions shows a dependency on the primary particle. Though no hadronic interaction model is fully able to describe the multi-parameter data of KASCADE consistently, the more recent models or improved versions of older models reproduce the data better than few years ago.Comment: to appear in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), Proc. of the XIII ISVHECRI, Pylos 2004 - with a better quality of the figure

Thermal Excitation of Broadband and Long-range Surface Waves on SiO 2 Submicron Films

We detect thermally excited surfaces waves on a submicron SiO 2 layer, including Zenneck and guided modes in addition to Surface Phonon Polaritons. The measurements show the existence of these hybrid thermal-electromagnetic waves from near-(2.7 $\mu$m) to far-(11.2 $\mu$m) infrared. Their propagation distances reach values on the order of the millimeter, several orders of magnitude larger than on semi-infinite systems. These two features, spectral broadness and long range propagation, make these waves good candidates for near-field applications both in optics and thermics due to their dual nature.Comment: Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics, 201

Scaling laws for the largest Lyapunov exponent in long-range systems: A random matrix approach

We investigate the laws that rule the behavior of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) in many particle systems with long range interactions. We consider as a representative system the so-called Hamiltonian alpha-XY model where the adjustable parameter alpha controls the range of the interactions of N ferromagnetic spins in a lattice of dimension d. In previous work the dependence of the LLE with the system size N, for sufficiently high energies, was established through numerical simulations. In the thermodynamic limit, the LLE becomes constant for alpha greater than d whereas it decays as an inverse power law of N for alpha smaller than d. A recent theoretical calculation based on Pettini's geometrization of the dynamics is consistent with these numerical results (M.-C. Firpo and S. Ruffo, cond-mat/0108158). Here we show that the scaling behavior can also be explained by a random matrix approach, in which the tangent mappings that define the Lyapunov exponents are modeled by random simplectic matrices drawn from a suitable ensemble.Comment: 5 pages, no figure

Intracranial hematopoiesis in a patient with aids-related central nervous system lymphoma and severe pancytopenia

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Anomalous diffusion as a signature of collapsing phase in two dimensional self-gravitating systems

A two dimensional self-gravitating Hamiltonian model made by $N$ fully-coupled classical particles exhibits a transition from a collapsing phase (CP) at low energy to a homogeneous phase (HP) at high energy. From a dynamical point of view, the two phases are characterized by two distinct single-particle motions : namely, superdiffusive in the CP and ballistic in the HP. Anomalous diffusion is observed up to a time $\tau$ that increases linearly with $N$. Therefore, the finite particle number acts like a white noise source for the system, inhibiting anomalous transport at longer times.Comment: 10 pages, Revtex - 3 Figs - Submitted to Physical Review

The Anderson-Mott transition induced by hole-doping in Nd1-xTiO3

The insulator/metal transition induced by hole-doping due to neodymium vacancies of the Mott- Hubbard antiferromagnetic insulator, Nd1-xTiO3, is studied over the composition range 0.010(6) < x < 0.243(10). Insulating p-types conduction is found for x < 0.071(10). Anderson localization in the presence of a Mott-Hubbard gap, is the dominant localization mechanism for the range of 0.074(10) < x < 0.089(1) samples. For x < 0.089(1), n-type conduction is observed and the activation energy extrapolates to zero by x < 0.1. The 0.095(8) < x < 0.203(10) samples are Fermi-liquid metals and the effects of strong electronic correlations are evident near the metal-to-insulator boundaries in features such as large Fermi liquid T2 coefficients. For 0.074(9) < x < 0.112(4), a weak negative magnetoresistance is found below ~ 15 K and it is attributed to the interaction of conduction electrons with Nd3+ magnetic moments. Combining information from our companion study of the magnetic properties of Nd1-xTiO3 solid solution, a phase diagram is proposed. The main conclusions are that long range antiferromagnetic order disappears before the onset of metallic behavior and that the Anderson-Mott transition occurs over a finite range of doping levels. Our results differ from conclusions drawn from a similar study on the hole doped Nd1-xCaxTiO3 system which found the co-existence of antiferromagnetic order and metallic behavior and that the Mott transition occurs at a discrete doping level