48 research outputs found

    Modifications structuro-fonctionnelles cérébrales chez des sujets dépressifs sévères avant et après traitement par électroconvulsivothérapie : étude exploratoire ECTIM

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    Introduction : L'électroconvulsivothérapie (ECT) est un traitement non pharmacologique du trouble dépressif résistant. Bien que son efficacité ait été démontrée dans cette indication, les mécanismes cérébraux qui sous-tendent ce processus restent très imprécis. Il n'existe actuellement pas de travail étudiant l'effet d'une ECT efficace au niveau des modifications structurofonctionnelles cérébrales. Il semble primordial de poursuivre l'étude des corrélats neuroanatomiques précoces et plus tardifs sous tendant les processus neurofonctionnels responsables de l'amélioration de la clinique. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude mono centrique menée sur le CHU de Toulouse. Chez des patients présentant un trouble dépressif résistant, des évaluations cliniques et en IRM multimodale sont réalisées à 4 temps. La 1ère évaluation a lieu avant le début de la cure, la 2ème après une 1ère ECT, la 3ème après une 1ère ECT efficace et la 4ème après rémission.Résultats: Concernant le volume de l'hippocampe et de l'amygdale à la première visite n'était pas diffèrent du volume à la troisième visite (t(135) = .329, p = .94). Au contraire, il y avait une différence significatif entre le volume de deux structures entre la première et la quatrième visite (t(135) = -2.47, p = .039) et entre la troisième et la quatrième visite (t(135) = -3.51, p = .002). Concernant la diffusivité moyenne en tant que l'effet des visites tend vers la significativité pour la DM (F(2,136) = 2.67, p = .072). En IRM resting state, il existe une hypoconnectivité précoce entre (i) l'hippocampe Droit et le cortex Cingulaire antérieur dorsal (t = -6.20 ; pFDR : 0.0123) ; (ii) l'hippocampe Droit et le noyaux caudé gauche ( t = -7.69 ; pFDR : 0.0035) et (iii) le vermis cervelet et le precuneus (t = -5.93 p FDR : 0.0363). Il existe une hyperconnectivité entre V4 et V1 entre (i) le cortex orbito frontal médian droit et le gyrus occipital médian (t = 6.58 ; p FDR : 0.0146) et (ii) le gyrus frontal inférieur droit et le cortex fronto median gauche (t = 6.83 ; pFDR : 0.0104). Il existe une diminution significative des symptomes de depression entre la V4 et la V1 à l'échelle d'Hamilton (V4: 3,08 ET : 1,62 ; V1 : 23,17 ET : 3,21 ; p <0.001).Conclusion : Il semble exister des modifications structuro-fonctionnelle à l'issu de la cure d'ECT sans modifications structurelles et micro structurelles précoces.Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a non-pharmacological treatment of resistant depressive disorder. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in this indication, the brain mechanisms underlying this process remain very imprecise. There is currently no work studying the effect of one effective ECT on cerebral structural changes. It seems essential to continue the study of the early and late neuroanatomical correlates underlying neurofunctional processes responsible for improving the clinic. Methods: This is a mono-centric study conducted on the Toulouse University Hospital. In patients with resistant depressive disorder, clinical and multimodal MRI assessments are performed at 4-step intervals. The first evaluation takes place before the beginning of the treatment, the 2nd after a 1st ECT, the 3rd after a 1st effective ECT and the 4th after remission. Results: Regarding the volume of the hippocampus and amygdala at the first visit was not different from the volume at the third visit (t (135) = .329, p = .94). On the contrary, there was a significant difference between the volume of two structures between the first and the fourth visit (t (135) = -2.47, p = .039) and between the third and fourth visits (t (135) = -3.51, p = .002). For mean diffusivity, the effect of visits showed a trend toward significance for MD (F (2.136) = 2.67, p = .072). In the MRI resting state, there is early hypoconnectivity between (i) the right hippocampus and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (t = -6.20, pFDR: 0.0123); (ii) right hippocampus and left caudate nucleus (t = -7.69, pFDR: 0.0035) and (iii) vermis cerebellum and precuneus (t = -5.93 p FDR: 0.0363). There is hyperconnectivity between V4 and V1 between (i) the right medial orbit frontal cortex and the medial occipital gyrus (t = 6.58; p FDR: 0.0146) and (ii) the right inferior frontal gyrus and left fronto medial cortex (t = 6.83, pFDR: 0.0104). There is a significant decrease in the symptoms of depression between V4 and V1 at the Hamilton scale (V4: 3.08 AND: 1.62, V1: 23.17 AND: 3.21, p <0.001). Conclusion: There appears to be structural-functional changes at the end of the ECT course. However, we do not find early structural and micro structural changes

    Relationship between childhood physical abuse and clinical severity of treatment-resistant depression in a geriatric population

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    Introduction: We assessed the correlation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and severity of depression in an elderly unipolar Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) sample. Methods: Patients were enrolled from a longitudinal cohort (FACE-DR) of the French Network of Expert TRD Centres. Results: Our sample included 96 patients (33% of the overall cohort) aged 60 years or above, with a mean age of 67.2 (SD = 5.7). The majority of the patients were female (62.5%). The Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Quick Inventory Depression Scale-Self Report (QIDS-SR) mean scores were high, 28.2 (SD = 7.49) [MADRS score range: 0–60; moderate severity≥20, high severity≥35] and 16.5 (SD = 4.94) [IDS-SR score range: 0–27; moderate severity≥11, high severity≥16], respectively. Mean self-esteem scores were 22.47 (SD = 6.26) [range 0–30]. In an age- and sex-adjusted model, we found a positive correlation between childhood trauma (CTQ scores) and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β = 0.274; p = 0.07) and QIDS-SR (β = 0.302; p = 0.005) scores]. We detected a statistically significant correlation between physical abuse and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β = 0.304; p = 0.03) and QIDS-SR (β = 0.362; p = 0.005) scores]. We did not observe any significant correlation between other types of trauma and depressive symptom severity. We showed that self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) mediated the effect of physical abuse (PA) on the intensity of depressive symptoms [MADRS: b = 0.318, 95% BCa C.I. [0.07, 0.62]; QIDS-SR: b = 0.177, 95% BCa C.I. [0.04, 0.37]]. Preacher & Kelly’s Kappa Squared values of 19.1% (k2 = 0.191) and 16% (k2 = 0.16), respectively for the two scales, indicate a moderate effect. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in a geriatric TRD population documenting an association between childhood trauma (mainly relating to PA) and the intensity of depressive symptoms

    Assessment of Translocator Protein Density, as Marker of Neuroinflammation, in Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot, Multicenter, Comparative, Controlled, Brain PET Study (INFLADEP Study)

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    Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious public health problem with high lifetime prevalence (4.4–20%) in the general population. The monoamine hypothesis is the most widespread etiological theory of MDD. Also, recent scientific data has emphasized the importance of immuno-inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD. The lack of data on the magnitude of brain neuroinflammation in MDD is the main limitation of this inflammatory hypothesis. Our team has previously demonstrated the relevance of [18F] DPA-714 as a neuroinflammation biomarker in humans. We formulated the following hypotheses for the current study: (i) Neuroinflammation in MDD can be measured by [18F] DPA-714; (ii) its levels are associated with clinical severity; (iii) it is accompanied by anatomical and functional alterations within the frontal-subcortical circuits; (iv) it is a marker of treatment resistance.Methods: Depressed patients will be recruited throughout 4 centers (Bordeaux, Montpellier, Tours, and Toulouse) of the French network from 13 expert centers for resistant depression. The patient population will be divided into 3 groups: (i) experimental group—patients with current MDD (n = 20), (ii) remitted depressed group—patients in remission but still being treated (n = 20); and, (iii) control group without any history of MDD (n = 20). The primary objective will be to compare PET data (i.e., distribution pattern of neuroinflammation) between the currently depressed group and the control group. Secondary objectives will be to: (i) compare neuroinflammation across groups (currently depressed group vs. remitted depressed group vs. control group); (ii) correlate neuroinflammation with clinical severity across groups; (iii) correlate neuroinflammation with MRI parameters for structural and functional integrity across groups; (iv) correlate neuroinflammation and peripheral markers of inflammation across groups.Discussion: This study will assess the effects of antidepressants on neuroinflammation as well as its role in the treatment response. It will contribute to clarify the putative relationships between neuroinflammation quantified by brain neuroimaging techniques and peripheral markers of inflammation. Lastly, it is expected to open innovative and promising therapeutic perspectives based on anti-inflammatory strategies for the management of treatment-resistant forms of MDD commonly seen in clinical practice.Clinical trial registration (reference: NCT03314155): https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03314155?term=neuroinflammation&amp;cond=depression&amp;cntry=FR&amp;rank=

    Structural-functional brain changes in depressed patients before and after treatment with electroconvulsive therapy : a pilot study ECTIM

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    Introduction : L'électroconvulsivothérapie (ECT) est un traitement non pharmacologique du trouble dépressif résistant. Bien que son efficacité ait été démontrée dans cette indication, les mécanismes cérébraux qui sous-tendent ce processus restent très imprécis. Il n'existe actuellement pas de travail étudiant l'effet d'une ECT efficace au niveau des modifications structurofonctionnelles cérébrales. Il semble primordial de poursuivre l'étude des corrélats neuroanatomiques précoces et plus tardifs sous tendant les processus neurofonctionnels responsables de l'amélioration de la clinique. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude mono centrique menée sur le CHU de Toulouse. Chez des patients présentant un trouble dépressif résistant, des évaluations cliniques et en IRM multimodale sont réalisées à 4 temps. La 1ère évaluation a lieu avant le début de la cure, la 2ème après une 1ère ECT, la 3ème après une 1ère ECT efficace et la 4ème après rémission.Résultats: Concernant le volume de l'hippocampe et de l'amygdale à la première visite n'était pas diffèrent du volume à la troisième visite (t(135) = .329, p = .94). Au contraire, il y avait une différence significatif entre le volume de deux structures entre la première et la quatrième visite (t(135) = -2.47, p = .039) et entre la troisième et la quatrième visite (t(135) = -3.51, p = .002). Concernant la diffusivité moyenne en tant que l'effet des visites tend vers la significativité pour la DM (F(2,136) = 2.67, p = .072). En IRM resting state, il existe une hypoconnectivité précoce entre (i) l'hippocampe Droit et le cortex Cingulaire antérieur dorsal (t = -6.20 ; pFDR : 0.0123) ; (ii) l'hippocampe Droit et le noyaux caudé gauche ( t = -7.69 ; pFDR : 0.0035) et (iii) le vermis cervelet et le precuneus (t = -5.93 p FDR : 0.0363). Il existe une hyperconnectivité entre V4 et V1 entre (i) le cortex orbito frontal médian droit et le gyrus occipital médian (t = 6.58 ; p FDR : 0.0146) et (ii) le gyrus frontal inférieur droit et le cortex fronto median gauche (t = 6.83 ; pFDR : 0.0104). Il existe une diminution significative des symptomes de depression entre la V4 et la V1 à l'échelle d'Hamilton (V4: 3,08 ET : 1,62 ; V1 : 23,17 ET : 3,21 ; p <0.001).Conclusion : Il semble exister des modifications structuro-fonctionnelle à l'issu de la cure d'ECT sans modifications structurelles et micro structurelles précoces.Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a non-pharmacological treatment of resistant depressive disorder. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in this indication, the brain mechanisms underlying this process remain very imprecise. There is currently no work studying the effect of one effective ECT on cerebral structural changes. It seems essential to continue the study of the early and late neuroanatomical correlates underlying neurofunctional processes responsible for improving the clinic. Methods: This is a mono-centric study conducted on the Toulouse University Hospital. In patients with resistant depressive disorder, clinical and multimodal MRI assessments are performed at 4-step intervals. The first evaluation takes place before the beginning of the treatment, the 2nd after a 1st ECT, the 3rd after a 1st effective ECT and the 4th after remission. Results: Regarding the volume of the hippocampus and amygdala at the first visit was not different from the volume at the third visit (t (135) = .329, p = .94). On the contrary, there was a significant difference between the volume of two structures between the first and the fourth visit (t (135) = -2.47, p = .039) and between the third and fourth visits (t (135) = -3.51, p = .002). For mean diffusivity, the effect of visits showed a trend toward significance for MD (F (2.136) = 2.67, p = .072). In the MRI resting state, there is early hypoconnectivity between (i) the right hippocampus and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (t = -6.20, pFDR: 0.0123); (ii) right hippocampus and left caudate nucleus (t = -7.69, pFDR: 0.0035) and (iii) vermis cerebellum and precuneus (t = -5.93 p FDR: 0.0363). There is hyperconnectivity between V4 and V1 between (i) the right medial orbit frontal cortex and the medial occipital gyrus (t = 6.58; p FDR: 0.0146) and (ii) the right inferior frontal gyrus and left fronto medial cortex (t = 6.83, pFDR: 0.0104). There is a significant decrease in the symptoms of depression between V4 and V1 at the Hamilton scale (V4: 3.08 AND: 1.62, V1: 23.17 AND: 3.21, p <0.001). Conclusion: There appears to be structural-functional changes at the end of the ECT course. However, we do not find early structural and micro structural changes

    Modifications structuro-fonctionnelles cérébrales chez des sujets dépressifs sévères avant et après traitement par électroconvulsivothérapie : étude exploratoire ECTIM

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    Background: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a non-pharmacological treatment of resistant depressive disorder. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in this indication, the brain mechanisms underlying this process remain very imprecise. There is currently no work studying the effect of one effective ECT on cerebral structural changes. It seems essential to continue the study of the early and late neuroanatomical correlates underlying neurofunctional processes responsible for improving the clinic. Methods: This is a mono-centric study conducted on the Toulouse University Hospital. In patients with resistant depressive disorder, clinical and multimodal MRI assessments are performed at 4-step intervals. The first evaluation takes place before the beginning of the treatment, the 2nd after a 1st ECT, the 3rd after a 1st effective ECT and the 4th after remission. Results: Regarding the volume of the hippocampus and amygdala at the first visit was not different from the volume at the third visit (t (135) = .329, p = .94). On the contrary, there was a significant difference between the volume of two structures between the first and the fourth visit (t (135) = -2.47, p = .039) and between the third and fourth visits (t (135) = -3.51, p = .002). For mean diffusivity, the effect of visits showed a trend toward significance for MD (F (2.136) = 2.67, p = .072). In the MRI resting state, there is early hypoconnectivity between (i) the right hippocampus and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (t = -6.20, pFDR: 0.0123); (ii) right hippocampus and left caudate nucleus (t = -7.69, pFDR: 0.0035) and (iii) vermis cerebellum and precuneus (t = -5.93 p FDR: 0.0363). There is hyperconnectivity between V4 and V1 between (i) the right medial orbit frontal cortex and the medial occipital gyrus (t = 6.58; p FDR: 0.0146) and (ii) the right inferior frontal gyrus and left fronto medial cortex (t = 6.83, pFDR: 0.0104). There is a significant decrease in the symptoms of depression between V4 and V1 at the Hamilton scale (V4: 3.08 AND: 1.62, V1: 23.17 AND: 3.21, p <0.001). Conclusion: There appears to be structural-functional changes at the end of the ECT course. However, we do not find early structural and micro structural changes.Introduction : L'électroconvulsivothérapie (ECT) est un traitement non pharmacologique du trouble dépressif résistant. Bien que son efficacité ait été démontrée dans cette indication, les mécanismes cérébraux qui sous-tendent ce processus restent très imprécis. Il n'existe actuellement pas de travail étudiant l'effet d'une ECT efficace au niveau des modifications structurofonctionnelles cérébrales. Il semble primordial de poursuivre l'étude des corrélats neuroanatomiques précoces et plus tardifs sous tendant les processus neurofonctionnels responsables de l'amélioration de la clinique. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude mono centrique menée sur le CHU de Toulouse. Chez des patients présentant un trouble dépressif résistant, des évaluations cliniques et en IRM multimodale sont réalisées à 4 temps. La 1ère évaluation a lieu avant le début de la cure, la 2ème après une 1ère ECT, la 3ème après une 1ère ECT efficace et la 4ème après rémission.Résultats: Concernant le volume de l'hippocampe et de l'amygdale à la première visite n'était pas diffèrent du volume à la troisième visite (t(135) = .329, p = .94). Au contraire, il y avait une différence significatif entre le volume de deux structures entre la première et la quatrième visite (t(135) = -2.47, p = .039) et entre la troisième et la quatrième visite (t(135) = -3.51, p = .002). Concernant la diffusivité moyenne en tant que l'effet des visites tend vers la significativité pour la DM (F(2,136) = 2.67, p = .072). En IRM resting state, il existe une hypoconnectivité précoce entre (i) l'hippocampe Droit et le cortex Cingulaire antérieur dorsal (t = -6.20 ; pFDR : 0.0123) ; (ii) l'hippocampe Droit et le noyaux caudé gauche ( t = -7.69 ; pFDR : 0.0035) et (iii) le vermis cervelet et le precuneus (t = -5.93 p FDR : 0.0363). Il existe une hyperconnectivité entre V4 et V1 entre (i) le cortex orbito frontal médian droit et le gyrus occipital médian (t = 6.58 ; p FDR : 0.0146) et (ii) le gyrus frontal inférieur droit et le cortex fronto median gauche (t = 6.83 ; pFDR : 0.0104). Il existe une diminution significative des symptomes de depression entre la V4 et la V1 à l'échelle d'Hamilton (V4: 3,08 ET : 1,62 ; V1 : 23,17 ET : 3,21 ; p <0.001).Conclusion : Il semble exister des modifications structuro-fonctionnelle à l'issu de la cure d'ECT sans modifications structurelles et micro structurelles précoces

    Conséquences psychopathologiques de la chirurgie de l'épilepsie

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    TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    What are the neural correlates of dissociative amnesia? A systematic review of the functional neuroimaging literature

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    International audienceAim Dissociative amnesia is an emblematic psychiatric condition in which patients experience massive memory loss ranging from focal to global amnesia. This condition remains poorly understood and this review aims to investigate the neuroanatomical feature of this disease. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature available on PubMed, up to December 1, 2022, using a combination of keywords referring to dissociative amnesia. We included every scientific report involving patients undergoing a functional imaging procedure. Results Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria (gathering 49 patients). Only one was a controlled study with a large sample. The other 21 were case reports and case series. In resting state, neuroimaging studies mostly showed a hypo-activated right inferolateral prefrontal cortex, associated with limbic hypoactivity and lesser activation of the hippocampal and para-hippocampal structures. The patients also presented abnormal patterns of cerebral activation when performing memory tasks. When testing recognition of memories from the amnestic period, patients showed increased activation across temporal areas (hippocampal and para-hippocampal gyri) and the limbic network. When trying to recollect memories from an amnestic period compared to a non-amnestic period, patients failed to activate these structures efficiently. Most of these patterns tended to return to normal when symptoms resolved. Conclusion This review identified a paucity of controlled studies in the field of dissociative amnesia neuroimaging, which restricts the extrapolation of results. Patients with dissociative amnesia present a broad prefronto-temporo-limbic network dysfunction. Some of the brain areas implicated in this network might represent potential targets for innovative treatments

    Musicothérapie, dépression et évaluation : Entre art et clinique innovante

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    International audienceMême si les termes cliniques et techniques employés varient au fil du temps, avoir recours à la musicothérapie en réponse à une psychopathologie dépressive est une pratique datant d’avant l’Antiquité (Aristote et Platon, préconisant la musique dans le soin psychique ; David secourant Saül ; Farinelli chantant au chevet de Philippe V…). Néanmoins, alors que le nombre de cas repérés de dépression résistante augmente, rares sont les travaux originaux, proposant une vision pratique et théorique, qui intègrent la Musicothérapie, ainsi que la rencontre avec des personnes présentant une dépression dans une même recherche exploratoire. Cette étude propose ainsi une réflexion sur l’ajustement d’ateliers de Musicothérapie auprès de ces sujets, pris en charges dans deux services de dépression (Centre Expert Dépression Résistante du CHU de Purpan, Clinique Marigny). Etayée par la littérature et les données récoltées avant, pendant et après chaque atelier, cette perspective qualitative permet d’identifier divers bénéfices rendus possibles par une souplesse psychothérapeutique permanente et la nécessité de créer des outils adaptés et adaptables, en fonction des aléas de la réalité psychiatrique
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