31 research outputs found

    Genetic control of in vitro regeneration of Eucalyptus grandis

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    Com o objetivo de avaliar o controle genético da regeneração direta in vitro a partir de plântulas de Eucalyptus grandis, foram utilizadas sementes de 10 progênies de polinização aberta da população base, origem Atherton, localizada em Anhembi, Estado de São Paulo. Vinte dias de cultivo após a germinação, 196 segmentos distais dos hipocótilos por progênie foram inoculados in vitro num Delineamento em Blocos Completos Aleatorizado Generalizado, com duas unidades experimentais por bloco e sete repetições por bloco, usando a interação blocos por progênie como estimadora do erro experimental. Após 14 semanas de cultivo, foram feitas avaliações da regeneração. Houve diferenças significativas de regeneração entre as progênies (P<0,0001) com extremos de regeneração de 11% a 60%. A herdabilidade no sentido restrito entre as médias das unidades experimentais do caráter foi alta (h2m=0,94), indicando que houve um forte controle genético na regeneração in vitro dentro da população. Houve também alta variabilidade dentro da amostra estudada, assim como um forte efeito do progenitor materno sobre a regeneração.The genetic control of in vitro direct regeneration was tested on seedlings of ten open-pollinated progenies from the base population of Atherton origin of Eucalyptus grandis at University of São Paulo (Brazil). Seeds were germinated in vitro, after twenty days, distal hypocotyls segments from 196 seedlings per progeny were inoculated in culture media at Generalized Complete Randomized Block Design, with two experimental units per block and seven repetitions, using the interaction blocks by progenies as an estimate of the experimental error. At week 14 from the inoculation bud induction was evaluated. Regeneration among progenies were significantly different (P<0.0001). Regeneration varied from 11 to 60%. The narrow-sense heritability between means of experimental units for in vitro regeneration was height. (h2m=0.94), indicating a strong genetic control of the trait within the population and also a high maternal effect. High variability within the study sample was found

    In vitro multiplication of Eucalyptus grandis under BAP pulse

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estímulo com benzilaminopurina (BAP) na multiplicação in vitro de Eucalyptus grandis. Foram avaliadas as interações entre concentrações de BAP (0, 200, 400 e 600 mg L-1), tempo de exposição (1, 2 e 3 horas), pH (3 e 5,8) da solução e alterações morfológicas dos explantes. Semanalmente, foi determinada a massa da matéria fresca dos explantes. Aos 21 dias de cultura, foram avaliados: o número de brotações por tratamento, o número de brotações obtidas por explante (taxa de multiplicação), e foi realizado o resgate das plântulas para avaliação histológica. O pH não apresentou interação com os demais fatores estudados. Os tratamentos com BAP a 200 mg L-1, durante 1 e 2 horas, apresentaram-se como os mais indicados na multiplicação do E. grandis. Houve intensificação da divisão celular, no parênquima cortical e no procâmbio, representada pelo surgimento de meristemóides, em resposta aos tratamentos com 200 mg L-1 de BAP, durante 1 e 2 horas. O estímulo com BAP na multiplicação in vitro de E. grandis é viável.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pulse on in vitro multiplication of Eucalyptus grandis. Interactions were evaluated among BAP concentrations (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1), exposure time (1, 2 and 3 hours), pH values (3 and 5.8), and explant morphological changes. Fresh weight of the explants was determined weekly. At 21 days of culture, valuations were made of the number of shootings per treatment, number of shootings obtained per explant (multiplication rate), and seedlings rescue was accomplished for histological analysis. The pH values did not present any interaction with the other factors. The most significant treatments on E. grandis shoot multiplications were 200 mg L-1 of 6-BAP during 1 and 2 hours. There was an intensification of cell division in the cortical parenchyma and procambium, represented by the arising of meristems in response to 200 mg L-1 of BAP treatment, during 1 and 2 hours. The use of the pulse on in vitro multiplication of E. grandis is feasible

    RELAÇÃO ENTRE CÁLCIO E TEMPERATURA EM EXPLANTES DE Eucalyptus grandis IN VITRO

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    Este trabalho visa avaliar a influencia de diferentes concentrações de cálcio na Taxa de Crescimento Relativo (TCR) de brotações de eucalipto Hill (ex Maiden) submetidas a diferentes temperaturas in vitro. O experimento consistiu em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos sendo estes: T0 (sem adição de Ca); T1 (Adição de 2,5 mmol de Ca); T2 (Adição de 5,0 mmol de Ca) e T3 (Adição 10,0 mmol de Ca). Três repetições e quatro explantes por repetição. Foram avaliados os teores de Ca para verificar o efeito do choque térmico sobre a TCR. Não foi possível traçar uma linha tênue entre concentrações de Ca e a TCR, relacionadas às variações de temperatura a que os explantes foram submetidos. Os teores de Ca necessários são 5,0 mmol, 2,5 mmol, 10,0 mmol, 2,5 mmol e 5,0 mmol para as temperaturas de 5ºC, 15ºC, 25ºC, 35ºC e 45ºC, respectivamente

    Comparative study between two environments for cultivation of Corymbia citriodora in vitro

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     O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de explantes caulinares de C. citriodora nos meios de cultura JADS e MS, mensurando-se a produção de biomassa total, proteínas totais e açúcares totais solúveis. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, organizados em esquema bifatorial, com parcela subdividida no tempo com três repetições por tratamento. Tratamentos: T1 (testemunha, 40 ml de meio por frasco); T2 (40 ml de meio por frasco e adição de 10 ml no dia 6); T3 (40 ml de meio por frasco e adição de 10 ml nos dias 6 e 9). Como subparcelas, sete épocas de avaliação (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18). Concluiu-se que para o meio JADS é mais recomendado que se efetuem duas adições de meio durante a fase desenvolvimento dos explantes. Já para o MS, aconselha-se não adicionar meio de cultura durante o desenvolvimento do C. citriodora.Palavras-chave: JADS; MS; micropropagação; desenvolvimento. AbstractComparative study between two environments for cultivation of Corymbia citriodora in vitro. This research aimed to compare growth and development of C. citriodora shoots in JADS and MS environments measuring the total dry weight, total proteins, and total soluble sugars. The experimental design employed was randomized blocks, arranged in bifactorial model, with timing split plots with three replications per treatment. Treatments: T1 (control, 40 ml of medium per bottle, without addition during the assessment), T2 (40 ml of medium per bottle adding 10 ml just on third day of assessment), T3 (40 ml of medium per bottle adding 10 ml on third and fourth days of assessment) as subplots, seven assessment periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18). As result, for the medium JADS it is recommended two additions of culture medium during the explants development. For MS it is not indicated add cultivating environment during C. citriodora development.Keywords: JADS; MS; micropropagation; development.  This research aimed to compare growth and development of C. citriodora shoots in JADS and MS environments measuring the total dry weight, total proteins, and total soluble sugars. The experimental design employed was randomized blocks, arranged in bifactorial model, with timing split plots with three replications per treatment. Treatments: T1 (control, 40 ml of medium per bottle, without addition during the assessment), T2 (40 ml of medium per bottle adding 10 ml just on third day of assessment), T3 (40 ml of medium per bottle adding 10 ml on third and fourth days of assessment) as subplots, seven assessment periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18). As result, for the medium JADS it is recommended two additions of culture medium during the explants development. For MS it is not indicated add cultivating environment during C. citriodora development

    Determinação do teor de carboidratos em minicepas de Eucalyptus benthamii

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    The aim of this study was to evaluate the foliar content of soluble carbohydrates non-structural of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-stumps regarding to Zn and B concentrations during successive shoot collections. Shoots were collected from mini-stumps fertigated with nutrient solutions containing different Zn and B concentrations (S1 – free of Zn and B, S2 – 0.5 mg L-1 Zn, S3 – 0.5 mg L-1 B, S4 – 0.5 mg L-1 Zn and B, S5 – 1.0 mg L-1 Zn and B, S6 – 2.0 mg L-1 Zn and B). Eight shoot collection of the clonal mini-garden were performed. The content total of soluble carbohydrates non-structural of leaves (sucrose, glucose and fructose) was determined in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th shoot collections. The increasing of the Zn and B concentrations in the nutrient solution induced reduction of the total content of soluble carbohydrates non-structural of leaves, and the fructose was the most affected. &nbsp;O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conteúdo foliar de carboidratos solúveis não estruturais dos mini-tocos de Eucalyptus benthamii em relação às concentrações de Zn e B durante sucessivas coletas de brotos. Foram coletadas brotações de mini-tocos fertigados com soluções nutricionais contendo diferentes concentrações de Zn e B (S1 - livre de Zn e B, S2 - 0,5 mg L-1 Zn, S3 - 0,5 mg L-1 B, S4 - 0,5 mg L- 1 Zn e B, S5 - 1,0 mg L-1 Zn e B, S6 - 2,0 mg L-1 Zn e B). Foram realizadas oito coletas de brotos do mini-jardim clonal. O teor total de carboidratos solúveis não estruturais das folhas (sacarose, glicose e frutose) foi determinado na 2ª, 4ª, 6ª e 8ª coletas. O aumento das concentrações de Zn e B na solução nutritiva induziu a redução do conteúdo total de carboidratos solúveis não estruturais das folhas, sendo a frutose a mais afetada

    Impact of water supply on stomatal conductance, light use efficiency and growth of tropical Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil

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    Eucalyptus plantations of Brazil are expanding to areas subjected to water stress, and the water stress is considered a main environmental factor that limit growth and productivity of plantations, this occurrence implies the necessity for advance knowledge about physiological processes of Eucalyptus under different conditions of water availability. In this study, leaf gas exchange and light use efficiency of Eucalyptus under tropical field conditions in Brazil was evaluated to assess the effect of water supply on wood production. The experiment was performed in Eunápolis, Bahia, Brazil (16°22'40''S, 39°34'48''W) and we evaluated two treatments (irrigated and rainfed) of Eucalyptus forest clonal plantation on second rotation, established in August 2009. Leaf gas-exchange parameters were analyzed in 15-month plants using a Portable Photosynthesis System LI-6400xt and to calculate the light use efficiency, the vegetation area index (VAI) were measured through hemispherical photos using a camera - model Cyber shot ® Digital Camera Sony DSC - F828 coupled with a Fisheye Lens Opteka 0.22X AF ®. Irrigated trees showed higher biomass increment as a result of higher light use efficiency and lower absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, less carbon allocation to the below-ground; and lower stomatal conductance in relation to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) variation. These results showed that Eucalyptus species are responsive to water supply, and the reduction of stomatal conductance in relation to the VPD variation explains the higher stem biomass increase and greater LUE in the irrigated treatment

    Reversion to juvenility and cloning of Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. Blake in vitro

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    Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: a reversão a juvenilidade e a clonagem in vitro de arvores de Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. Blake de diferentes idades e populações. Os resultados indicam que: a - Houve variação entre e dentro de grupos de clones de diferentes idades e procedências para a multiplicação e o enraizamento de gemas; b - a variação da temperatura média no período dos testes experimentais provocou variações mais intensas entre culturas do que entre grupos de clones; c - a taxa média de clonagem foi de 7,5 x 1013 /ano; d - a multiplicação sucessiva de gemas com estímulo constante de 6 BAP (2 mg/l) foi eficiente na reversão à juvenilidade. Baseado nos resultados, foi feita uma proposta para a regulação da hereditariedade das células somáticas onde: a hereditariedade das células somáticas é uma manifestação dos mecanismos alostéricos na regulação da biossíntese e no deslocamento das relações entre e dentro dos nucleotídeos purínicos e pirimidínicos, e na transcrição, processamento e tradução de informações genéticas na diferenciação e desenvolvimento celular.The objectives of this study were the reversion to juvenility and the cloning of Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. Blake trees from different populations and ages. By analysing the results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: a - There w ere bud multiplication and rooting variation among and within groups of clones of different ages and provenances; b - average temperature during the period in which the experimental trials were carried out brought about more intense variations among the cultures than among groups of clones; e - average cloning rate was 7.5 x 1013/year; d - successive bud multiplication with constant stimulus of 6 BAP (2 mg/1) was efficient for the reversion of adult trees to juvenility. Based on the results obtained, a proposal was made for the regulation of somatic cell heredity where: the somatic cell heredity is a manifestation of the allosteric regulation mechanisms in the biosynthesis and in the shifts of the ratio between and within purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, and in the transcription, processing and translocation of genetic information in the cellular differentiation and development

    Macronutrientes, aspectos nutricionais e bioquímicos no crescimento de brotações de <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>grandis</i> <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i>

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    Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o equilíbrio iônico dos meios de cultura, o crescimento, aspectos nutricionais e bioquímicos em brotações de Eucalyptus grandis cultivadas em meio líquido suplementado com nitrogênio (17,3; 26,0; 39,0 e 58,5 mmol L-1), fósforo (2,0; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,75 mmol L-1), potássio (7,5; 11,0; 16,5 e 24,75 mmol L-1), cálcio (3,3; 5,0; 7,5 e 11,25 mmol L-1); magnésio (2,0; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,75 mmol L-1) e enxofre (2,29; 3,29; 4,79 e 7,04 mmol L-1)

    Assessing the effects of basal media on the in vitro propagation and nutritional status of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden

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    In tissue culture, essential aspects of growth and development can be modulated by managing mineral nutrition and growth regulators. Therefore, basal medium selection is one of the key factors for success with this technique since the nutritional status of tissue cultures relies on it. Although Murashige and Skoog (MS), JADS, and woody plant medium (WPM) media are among the most common basal media used for the in vitro propagation of eucalypts, they have shown limited success for use in Eucalyptus dunnii micropropagation, where excessive callus formation, hyperhydricity, and chlorosis are frequent issues. These morpho-physiological responses could be related to different nutritional conditions provided by each media, showing that none of them was competent for E. dunnii micropropagation. To prevent these problems, a modified version of a novel basal medium for E. dunnii (EDMm), based on chemical analysis of E. dunnii young stump shoots was developed. The morpho-physiological responses and mineral nutrient contents of four E. dunnii clones cultured in EDMm, JADS, MS, and WPM basal media were assessed. Multivariate analysis suggested that Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in tissues, all of which are at higher concentrations in EDMm medium than the other media, were associated to higher rooting rates. On the other hand, higher K and S concentrations were related to higher multiplication and growth rates. The results showed that all basal media tested support axillary shoot multiplication, but only the shoots grown in EDMm media presented no Fe chlorosis or oxidation symptoms and showed higher rooting rates.EEA ConcordiaFil: Oberschelp, Gustavo Pedro Javier. Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Depto. de Ciências Florestais, PPG em Recursos Florestais; Brasil. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Gonçalves, Antônio Natal. Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Depto. de Ciências Florestais, PPG em Recursos Florestais; Brasi
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