Electricity generation from biogas on swine farm considering the regulation of distributed energy generation in Brazil: a case study for Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of using agricultural waste from a swine farm to produce biogas, which can be used to generate electricity. For this purpose, the waste production potential was evaluated to determine the biogas production capacity of the farm. This measurement allowed scaling the size of the generator used to the electricity production to meet the needs of the farm as well as surplus electricity. The surplus electricity may be used on the farm when the generator is under maintenance or the electricity consumption is larger than the energy generated. This process is regulated by Normative Resolutions 482 and 687 in Brazil. The results of the analysis of the net present value, internal return rate, payback period and benefit cost ratio indicated that the project was feasible

An assessment of evaluation methods applied in decision support systems for sustainable urban mobility planning

The objective of this paper is to discuss procedures for assessing the impacts of different evaluation methods used in systems designed to sustainable urban mobility planning and management. The case studied shows a comparison of the points of view assumed by a small group of experts when using two particular systems. The evaluation methods used in those systems are: Pair-wise Comparisons and Scale of Points. The evaluation was conducted for groups of indicators devised for urban mobility monitoring, which were called Themes. The twenty Themes were also grouped in the following five general Categories: Transport and Environment, Transport Management, Transport Infrastructure, Transport Planning, and Socioeconomic Aspects of Transport. The main conclusions drawn from the application of non-parametric statistical methods for comparing the results of the evaluations suggest that the method Scale of Points could be the most indicated for evaluations with community members in general (experts or non-experts).GRICES (Office for International Relations in Science and Higher Education of the Portuguese Ministry of Science).CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development).FAPESP (Foundation for the Promotion of Science of the State of São Paulo).CAPES (Post-Graduate Federal Agency)

Effect of the sequential application of glyphosate in Commelina benghalensis and Commelina dif/usa control in coffee crop

A fim de estabelecer estratégias que reduzam a tolerância de Commelina benghalensis e C. diffusa ao glyphosate, foram realizados dois experimentos lavoura de café. Foi avaliado o efeito da aplicação seqüencial de doses crescentes de glyphosate, comparando com as formulações de glyphosate SA (sal isopropilamina) e WG (sal amônio) no controle destas espécies e a toxicidade causada à cultura. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre as formulações glyphosate SA (2160 g/ha e.a.) e WG (2160 g/ha e.a.), no controle de C. diffusa e C. benghalensis. A aplicação seqüencial de glyphosate WG, nas doses de 1440 e 1080 g/ha e.a., com a segunda aplicação 21 dias após a primeira, demonstrou controle eficiente de C. diffusa e C. benghalensis, até os 100 dias após a aplicação (DAA). A mistura no tanque glyphosate SA + 2,4-D na dose de 1080/1 005 g/ha e.a. e a mistura diuronlparaquat na dose de 300/600 g/ha, proporcionaram injúria acentuada ao cafeeiro até os 60 DAA. No entanto, glyphosate SA e glyphosate WG em aplicação seqüencial ou em única aplicação, nas doses estudadas, ocasionou injúria acentuada ao cafeeiro até os 30 DAA, passando para injúrias leves nas avaliações seguintes. Different strategies to reduce C. benghalens is and C. diffusa tolerance to glyphosate were studied in two field experiments in coffee. The effect of glyphosate sequential application at increasing doses and comparing the glyphosate formulations, glyphosate SA (isopropilamine salt) and glyphosate WG (ammonium salt) in the control ofthese species and the respective phytotoxicity was evaluated. No significant difference were foundamong formulations of glyphosate SA (2160 g/ha a.e.) and glyphosate WG (2160 g/ha a.e.), in C. diffusa and C. benghalensis controI. The sequential application of glyphosate WG at 1440 and 1080 g/ha a.e., with the second application 21 days after the first, was efficient for C. diffusa and C. benghalensis control, from 30 to 100 days after application (DAA). The tank mixture glyphosate SA+2,4-D, at 1080 + 1005 g/ha a.e., and the mixture diuron/paraquat at 300/600 g/ha resulted in accentuated phytotoxicity until 60 DAA. However, glyphosate SA and glyphosate WG in sequential application or in unique application, in the studied doses, caused accentuated phytotoxicity until 30 DAA, tuming to light phytotoxicity in the folIowing evaluations.

EVOLUÇÃO DO EMPREGO, DO VALOR ADICIONADO REAL E DO VALOR ADICIONADO REAL POR TRABALHADOR NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRICIÚMA

A estrutura produtiva da cidade de Criciúma na sua trajetória histórica sempre foi muito vinculada à indústria extrativa de carvão, sendo esta extremamente beneficiada em nível nacional por políticas públicas

Atividade antimicrobiana de subfrações padronizadas da planta Arrabidaea chica Verl.

Este estudo analisou o potencial terapêutico de extratos e subfrações padronizadas da planta amazônica Arrabidaea chica, visando seu uso tópico como medicamento e eficácia comprovada em doenças cutâneas

Subglottic stenosis as a clinical manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis in adolescents: report of a case and review of literature

Wegener's Granulomatosis is a well-characterized systemic vasculitis and necrotising granulomatous inflammation of the upper, lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. The initial manifestations of the disease usually occur in patients over than twenty years old. The otolaryngologic symptoms like rhinorrhea, recurrent sinusitis and epistaxis are commonly present in early course of the disease. It seems that subglottic stenosis is correlated to Wegener's granumatosis in adolescents. We describe a case of a patient that developed subglottic stenosis associated with Wegener's granulomatosis in childhood during the course of the disease.A Granulomatose de Wegener é uma patologia caracterizada por vasculite sistêmica e inflamação granulomatosa necrotizante que compromete o trato respiratório alto, pulmões e rins, cujas manifestações iniciais, na maioria das vezes, ocorre em maiores de 20 anos de idade. As queixas clínicas otorrinolaringológicas estão, com freqüência, presentes nas fases iniciais da doença, sendo rinite, sinusopatia de repetição e epistaxe as mais comuns. A estenose subglógica parece estar correlacionada com a Granulomatose de Wegener em adolescentes. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente portadora de Granulomatose de Wegener cujo início dos sintomas foi na infância, tendo evoluído com estenose laríngea durante o curso da doença.Hospital do Servidor Público do Estado de São Paulo Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia/Cabeça e PescoçoFaculdade de Medicina de São Paulo Divisão de Clínica OtorrinolaringológicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Normal weight obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in young adults from a middle-income country

Objective: This population-based birth cohort study examined whether normal weight obesity is associated with metabolic disorders in young adults in a middle-income country undergoing rapid nutrition transition. Design and Methods: The sample involved 1,222 males and females from the 1978/79 Ribeira˜o Preto birth cohort, Brazil, aged 23–25 years. NWO was defined as body mass index (BMI) within the normal range (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds above the sex-specific 90th percentiles of the study sample. It was also defined as normal BMI and % BF (body fat) .23% in men and .30% in women. Insulin resistance (IR), insulin sensitivity and secretion were based on the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) model. Results: In logistic models, after adjusting for age, sex and skin colour, NWO was significantly associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) according to the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition (Odds Ratio OR = 6.83; 95% Confidence Interval CI 2.84–16.47). NWO was also associated with HOMA2-IR (OR = 3.81; 95%CI 1.57–9.28), low insulin sensitivity (OR = 3.89; 95%CI 2.39–6.33), and high insulin secretion (OR = 2.17; 95%CI 1.24–3.80). Significant associations between NWO and some components of the MS were also detected: high waist circumference (OR = 8.46; 95%CI 5.09–14.04), low High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.11–2.47) and high triglyceride levels (OR = 1.93; 95%CI 1.02–3.64). Most estimates changed little after further adjustment for early and adult life variables. Conclusions: NWO was associated with MS and IR, suggesting that clinical assessment of excess body fat in normal-BMI individuals should begin early in life even in middle-income countries

Cesarean section is associated with increased peripheral and central adiposity in young adulthood : cohort study

Background: Cesarean section (CS) has been associated with obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), in some studies. It has been hypothesized that this association, if causal, might be explained by changes in gut microbiota. However, little is known about whether CS is also associated with increased adiposity as measured by indicators other than BMI. Objective: To assess the association between CS and indicators of peripheral and central adiposity in young adults. Methods: The study was conducted on 2,063 young adults aged 23 to 25 years from the 1978/79Ribeira˜o Preto birth cohort, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. CS was the independent variable. The anthropometric indicators of adiposity were: waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHR), tricipital skinfold (TSF), and subscapular skinfold (SSF). The association between CS and indicators of adiposity was investigated using a Poisson model, with robust adjustment of variance and calculation of incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and adjustment for birth variables. Results: Follow-up rate was 31.8%. The CS rate was 32%. Prevalences of increased WC, WHtR, WHR were 32.1%, 33.0% and 15.2%, respectively. After adjustment for birth variables, CS was associated with increased risk of adiposity when compared to vaginal delivery: 1.22 (95%CI 1.07; 1.39) for WC, 1.25 (95%CI 1.10;1.42) for WHtR, 1.45 (95%CI 1.18;1.79) for WHR, 1.36 (95%CI 1.04;1.78) for TSF, and 1.43 (95%CI 1.08;1.91) for SSF. Conclusion: Subjects born by CS had a higher risk for increased peripheral and central adiposity during young adult age compared to those born by vaginal delivery. The association of CS with adiposity was consistently observed for all indicators and was robust after adjustment for a variety of early life confounders