MANAGEMENT: MUCH MORE INTERDISCIPLINARY THAN YOU THINK

The discipline of Management is typically associated with schools of business and is thought to be a professional or pre-professional degree. Hence, it is commonly separated from the Liberal Arts and any discussions about interdisciplinary topics. However, the roots of management are in Economics, Psychology and other disciplines with ties across many different subjects. In this paper I go through management textbooks and read the primary sources used for the content covered in various chapters. A significant amount of the citations for the material is from academic journals in Psychology, great works by Philosophers, classic writings by Economists and other areas in the Social Sciences. This paper illustrates the interdisciplinary nature of a subject that is not traditionally thought to be one

MANAGEMENT: MUCH MORE INTERDISCIPLINARY THAN YOU THINK

The discipline of Management is typically associated with schools of business and is thought to be a professional or pre-professional degree. Hence, it is commonly separated from the Liberal Arts and any discussions about interdisciplinary topics. However, the roots of management are in Economics, Psychology and other disciplines with ties across many different subjects. In this paper I go through management textbooks and read the primary sources used for the content covered in various chapters. A significant amount of the citations for the material is from academic journals in Psychology, great works by Philosophers, classic writings by Economists and other areas in the Social Sciences. This paper illustrates the interdisciplinary nature of a subject that is not traditionally thought to be one

Piers the Plowman and the Building of Truth

Although some of the problems that Piers the Plowman presents for the twentieth-century reader--authorship, thought, and theology--have been elucidated, the structure of William Langland\u27s fourteenth-century poem still puzzles modern readers and critics. The continuing concern with the structure of Piers the Plowman is evidenced by the works of T. P. Dunning, D. W. Robertson and B. F. Huppe, and Mary Carruthers which have appeared over a period of about forty years. Each of these works is concerned with structure; each uses the works of Augustine as a theoretical basis, but none of the works treats structure as separate from thought. Augustine\u27s works have also provided theory for the study and appreciation of Gothic cathedrals. Erwin Panofsky and Robert Jordan have used architectural models for studying literature, both the religious Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas and the secular works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Here, parallels between the structure of the Vita de Dowel, Dobet, et Dobest of Piers the Plowman and the more nearly contemporary English adaptation of the Gothic design, the Perpendicular, are explored. Both structures are shaped to the end of Truth, of pointing the mind of man to the contemplation of God and interesting structural parallels do exist

The theory and practice of derivative chronopotentiometry

M.S.P. E. Sturroc

The neural substrates of subliminal attentional bias and reduced inhibition in individuals with a higher BMI: A VBM and resting state connectivity study

Previous studies have shown that individuals with overweight and obesity may experience attentional biases and reduced inhibition toward food stimuli. However, evidence is scarce as to whether the attentional bias is present even before stimuli are consciously recognized. Moreover, it is not known whether or not differences in the underlying brain morphometry and connectivity may co-occur with attentional bias and impulsivity towards food in individuals with different BMIs. To address these questions, we asked fifty-three participants (age M = 23.2, SD = 2.9, 13 males) to perform a breaking Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS) task to measure the speed of subliminal processing, and a Go/No-Go task to measure inhibition, using food and nonfood stimuli. We collected whole-brain structural magnetic resonance images and functional resting-state activity. A higher BMI predicted slower subliminal processing of images independently of the type of stimulus (food or nonfood, p = 0.001, \u3b5p2 = 0.17). This higher threshold of awareness is linked to lower grey matter (GM) density of key areas involved in awareness, high-level sensory integration, and reward, such as the orbitofrontal cortex [t = 4.55, p = 0.003], the right temporal areas [t = 4.18, p = 0.002], the operculum and insula [t = 4.14, p = 0.005] only in individuals with a higher BMI. In addition, individuals with a higher BMI exhibit a specific reduced inhibition to food in the Go/No-Go task [p = 0.02, \u3b5p2 = 0.02], which is associated with lower GM density in reward brain regions [orbital gyrus, t = 4.97, p = 0.005, and parietal operculum, t = 5.14, p < 0.001] and lower resting-state connectivity of the orbital gyrus to visual areas [fusiform gyrus, t = -4.64, p < 0.001 and bilateral occipital cortex, t = -4.51, p < 0.001 and t = -4.34, p < 0.001]. Therefore, a higher BMI is predictive of non food-specific slower visual subliminal processing, which is linked to morphological alterations of key areas involved in awareness, high-level sensory integration, and reward. At a late, conscious stage of visual processing a higher BMI is associated with a specific bias towards food and with lower GM density in reward brain regions. Finally, independently of BMI, volumetric variations and connectivity patterns in different brain regions are associated with variability in bCFS and Go/No-Go performances