Comparación química de suelos en distintas coberturas vegetales del PNC mediante métodos de clúster análisis

La vegetación y el suelo son indicadores importantes de la salud del páramo. La capa vegetal del páramo es importante para la protección del suelo y como hábitat para la fauna nativa (Hofstede et al., 2003). La evaluación de las características del suelo requiere medir sus propiedades físicas y químicas. El Parque Nacional Cajas (PNC) es uno de los principales suministros de agua para la ciudad de Cuenca, puesto que sus suelos retienen grandes cantidades de líquido vital, especialmente el páramo de almohadillas; los suelos del pajonal resultan importantes en el secuestro de carbono atmosférico, mientras que los suelos de los bosques de Polylepis y bosques alto-andinos originan ecosistemas únicos evidenciado en un alto endemismo presente en el PNC; razón por lo cual el estudio de las características físico químicas del suelo resulta importante en la investigación de las interacciones sustrato-vegetal. El análisis de conglomerados o clúster es una técnica de análisis exploratorio de datos que permite descubrir asociaciones y estructuras en los datos que no son evidentes a priori,ordenando objetos en grupos de asociación/similitud de forma que los objetos de un mismo grupo sean muy similares entre sí,y los objetos de clústeres diferentes sean distintos (Figueras, 2001). El método KNN o k-Nearest Neighbors, basado en el reconocimiento de patrones de criterios de vecindad. Parte de la idea de que una nueva muestra será clasificada a la clase a la cual pertenezca la mayor cantidad de vecinos más cercanos del (reconocimiento de patrones patrón) del conjunto de entrenamiento más cercano a esta (Figueras, 2001). El objetivo general de este estudio es investigar las relaciones entre las características químicas del suelo (Ca, Mg, Fe, K, Na, pH, conductividad, nitrógeno total, fósforo, y materia orgánica) y el tipo de coberturas vegetales presentes en el PNC (páramo de pajonal,páramo de almohadilla, bosque de Polylepis y bosque altoandino), mediante métodos de análisis clúster y clasificación KNN

A Parallel Tree code for large Nbody simulation: dynamic load balance and data distribution on CRAY T3D system

N-body algorithms for long-range unscreened interactions like gravity belong to a class of highly irregular problems whose optimal solution is a challenging task for present-day massively parallel computers. In this paper we describe a strategy for optimal memory and work distribution which we have applied to our parallel implementation of the Barnes & Hut (1986) recursive tree scheme on a Cray T3D using the CRAFT programming environment. We have performed a series of tests to find an " optimal data distribution " in the T3D memory, and to identify a strategy for the " Dynamic Load Balance " in order to obtain good performances when running large simulations (more than 10 million particles). The results of tests show that the step duration depends on two main factors: the data locality and the T3D network contention. Increasing data locality we are able to minimize the step duration if the closest bodies (direct interaction) tend to be located in the same PE local memory (contiguous block subdivison, high granularity), whereas the tree properties have a fine grain distribution. In a very large simulation, due to network contention, an unbalanced load arises. To remedy this we have devised an automatic work redistribution mechanism which provided a good Dynamic Load Balance at the price of an insignificant overhead.Comment: 16 pages with 11 figures included, (Latex, elsart.style). Accepted by Computer Physics Communication

Splenic Trauma: WSES Classification and Guidelines for Adult and Pediatric Patients

Spleen injuries are among the most frequent trauma-related injuries. At present, they are classified according to the anatomy of the injury. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic derangement, and the associated injuries. The management of splenic trauma patients aims to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology especially considering the modern tools for bleeding management. Thus, the management of splenic trauma should be ultimately multidisciplinary and based on the physiology of the patient, the anatomy of the injury, and the associated lesions. Lastly, as the management of adults and children must be different, children should always be treated in dedicated pediatric trauma centers. In fact, the vast majority of pediatric patients with blunt splenic trauma can be managed non-operatively. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of splenic trauma and the management guidelines

Towards the sustainable hydrogen production by catalytic conversion of C-laden biorefinery aqueous streams

An extensive screening of representative molecules of a post-hydrothermal process side stream has been performed with the aim of producing a gas mixture rich in hydrogen by catalytic aqueous phase reforming. The survey enlightens possible routes of valorisation of these by-products, scarcely investigated with other processes so far. The influence of reaction temperature was studied in the 230–270 °C range, looking at both the composition of the gas phase and the characterization of the liquid products. Indeed, the information coming from the condensed phase may provide relevant insights on the components that are not easily reformed, and that should be studied to improve the performance of the process. Binary and ternary mixtures of four selected compounds were tested to investigate synergistic and inhibiting effects, going towards the direction of a real biorefinery stream. The spent alumina-supported catalyst was characterized, outlining possible deactivation mechanisms of the catalytic system, and reused in two successive tests

Why non-technical skills matter in surgery. New paradigms for surgical leaders

The surgical literature is paying more and more attention to the topic of soft or non-technical skills (NTS), defined as those cognitive and social skills that characterize high-performing individuals and teams. NTS are essential in supporting surgeons in dealing with unexpected situations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, NTS have been considered crucial in defining situation awareness, enhancing decision making, communicating among groups and teams, and fostering leadership. With a “looking back and planning forward” approach, the current perspective aims at deepening the contribution of NTS for surgeons to deal with the unexpected challenges posed by the COVID crisis, surgical emergencies, the introduction of new technologies in clinical practice, to understand how such skills may help shape the surgical leaders of the future

Emergency surgery for recurrent intraabdominal cancer

Recurrent abdominal cancer can manifest in many ways but there are certain situations that are a great challenge to clinicians. Emergency presentation is one such situation. Surgeons are faced with a therapeutic dilemma that on the one hand most of these patients have a limited life expectancy, and on the other surgical procedures are unavoidable. We reviewed our experience of recurrent abdominal cancers presenting with acute abdominal symptoms requiring emergency

Risk Prediction in Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prognostic Factors and Predictive Models

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the main treatment of acute cholecystitis. Although considered relatively safe, it carries 6%–9% risk of major complications and 0.1%–1% risk of mortality. There is no consensus regarding the evaluation of the preoperative risks, and the management of patients with acute cholecystitis is usually guided by surgeon's personal preferences. We assessed the best method to identify patients with acute cholecystitis who are at high risk of complications and mortality. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of studies that reported the preoperative prediction of outcomes in people with acute cholecystitis. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Science Citation Index Expanded until April 27, 2019. We performed a meta-analysis when possible. RESULTS: Six thousand eight hundred twenty-seven people were included in one or more analyses in 12 studies. Tokyo guidelines 2013 (TG13) predicted mortality (two studies; Grade 3 versus Grade 1: odds ratio [OR] 5.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.79–9.26). Gender predicted conversion to open cholecystectomy (two studies; OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.06–2.39). None of the factors reported in at least two studies had significant predictive ability of major or minor complications. CONCLUSION: There is significant uncertainty in the ability of prognostic factors and risk prediction models in predicting outcomes in people with acute calculous cholecystitis. Based on studies of high risk of bias, TG13 Grade 3 severity may be associated with greater mortality than Grade 1. Early referral of such patients to high-volume specialist centers should be considered. Further well-designed prospective studies are necessary

Economic analysis of the sale channels of camelid fresh meat and charqui in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina

In the Andean countries the factors that explain the scarce exploitation to the consumption of the products derived by the meat of the American south camelidis are numerous. Currently the consumption of these foods is diffused inside the populations of breeders. On the market, instead, the demand is scarce. The objective of the research is a comparative analysis of the sale channels of fresh meat and charqui. The change from a rural market not regular of the meat to that urban controlled and valorization with the quality and the typicality of the products, it could represent a deserving proposal of consideration to favor the improvement of the operators income and the quality of final product. The conclusive considerations consist in the proposals to favor the development of the chains: interventions from the private operators and the public quality policies.Key words: sale channels, camelidis, llama meat, charqu