Memristor Neural Network Design

Neural network, a powerful learning model, has archived amazing results. However, the current Von Neumann computing system–based implementations of neural networks are suffering from memory wall and communication bottleneck problems ascribing to the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology scaling down and communication gap. Memristor, a two terminal nanosolid state nonvolatile resistive switching, can provide energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing with its synaptic behavior. Crossbar architecture can be used to perform neural computations because of its high density and parallel computation. Thus, neural networks based on memristor crossbar will perform better in real world applications. In this chapter, the design of different neural network architectures based on memristor is introduced, including spiking neural networks, multilayer neural networks, convolution neural networks, and recurrent neural networks. And the brief introduction, the architecture, the computing circuits, and the training algorithm of each kind of neural networks are presented by instances. The potential applications and the prospects of memristor‐based neural network system are discussed

Perioperative immunotherapy for stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis base on randomized controlled trials

BackgroundIn recent years, we have observed the pivotal role of immunotherapy in improving survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the perioperative (neoadjuvant + adjuvant) treatment of resectable NSCLC remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of its antitumor efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) by pooling data from the KEYNOTE-671, NADIM II, and AEGEAN clinical trials.MethodsFor eligible studies, we searched seven databases. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) pertaining to the comparative analysis of combination neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus perioperative immunotherapy (PIO) versus perioperative placebo (PP) were included. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints encompassed drug responses, AEs, and surgical outcomes.ResultsThree RCTs (KEYNOTE-671, NADIM II, and AEGEAN) were included in the final analysis. PIO group (neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus perioperative immunotherapy) exhibited superior efficacy in OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63 [0.49-0.81]), EFS (HR: 0.61 [0.52, 0.72]), objective response rate (risk ratio [RR]: 2.21 [1.91, 2.54]), pathological complete response (RR: 4.36 [3.04, 6.25]), major pathological response (RR: 2.79 [2.25, 3.46]), R0 resection rate (RR: 1.13 [1.00, 1.26]) and rate of adjuvant treatment (RR: 1.08 [1.01, 1.15]) compared with PP group (neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus perioperative placebo). In the subgroup analysis, EFS tended to favor the PIO group in almost all subgroups. BMI (>25), T stage (IV), N stage (N1-N2) and pathological response (with pathological complete response) were favorable factors in the PIO group. In the safety assessment, the PIO group exhibited higher rates of serious AEs (28.96% vs. 23.51%) and AEs leading to treatment discontinuation (12.84% vs. 5.81%). Meanwhile, although total adverse events, grade 3-5 adverse events, and fatal adverse events tended to favor the PP group, the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionPIO appears to be superior to PP for resectable stage II-III NSCLC, demonstrating enhanced survival and pathological responses. However, its elevated adverse event (AE) rate warrants careful consideration.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023487475

The effect of vorticity on the dynamical magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions

Magnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions are pivotal and subject to diverse factors. In this study, we quantitatively investigate the impact of fluid vorticity on the evolution of magnetic fields in the 20-50\% centrality class in Au+Au collisions, with collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=(7.7, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, 200)$ GeV. Our results indicate that fluid vorticity leads to a delay in the evolution of the magnetic field, in which this effect becomes more pronounced as the collision energy decreases. Additionally, we have calculated the mean magnetic field values on the freeze-out hypersurface for various collision energies. Our simulation results align with the values inferred from experimental data of $\barΛ-Λ$, within the error margins

Aridity drives the response of soil total and particulate organic carbon to drought in temperate grasslands and shrublands

9 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 55 referenciasThe increasing prevalence of drought events in grasslands and shrublands worldwide potentially has impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC). We leveraged the International Drought Experiment to study how SOC, including particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) concentrations, responds to extreme drought treatments (1-in-100-year) for 1 to 5 years at 19 sites worldwide. In more mesic areas (aridity index > 0.65), SOC and POC concentrations decreased by 7.9% (±3.9) and 15.9% (±6.2) with drought, respectively, but there were no impacts on MAOC concentrations. However, drought had no impact on SOC, POC, or MAOC concentrations in drylands (aridity index < 0.65). The response of SOC to drought varied along an aridity gradient, concomitant with interannual precipitation variability and standing SOC concentration gradients. These findings highlight the differing response magnitudes of POC and MAOC concentrations to drought and the key regulating role of aridity.This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (YDZJ202201ZYTS479), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071627), Key Projects of Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (20230303008SF and 20230303006SF), NSF Research Coordination Network grant to M.D.S. (DEB-1354732), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2412022ZD024), Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B16011), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDA28110303), and Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province, China (20240601073RC). A.J. acknowledges support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). N.E. acknowledges support from the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118 and 202548816). The Ciempozuelos DroughtNet site was established with funds from the European Research Council (BIODESERT, ERC grant agreement no. 647038). K.M.B. acknowledges support from US (grant no. L16AS00178). K.H.B. acknowledges support from Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (grant no. UTAO-1435). F.T.M. acknowledges support from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.Peer reviewe

Branching fraction and CP asymmetries of B-0 ->(KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0

We present measurements of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in B-0-> (KSKSKS0)-K-0-K-0 decays based on 227x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. We obtain a branching fraction of (6.9(-0.8)(+0.9)+/- 0.6)x10(-6), and CP asymmetries C=-0.34(-0.25)(+0.28)+/- 0.05 and S=-0.71(-0.32)(+0.38)+/- 0.04, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic

Mechanical heart valve (MHV) cavitation potential analyzed by transient pressure signals

A series of transient pressure signals (TPS) can be recorded using a miniature pressure transducer mounted near the tip of the inflow side of a mechanical heart valve (MHV) occluder during closure. A relationship appears to exist between the intensity and pattern of TPS and the cavitation potential of a MHV.In order to study the relationship between MHV cavitation and the TPS, we installed a MHV in a valve-testing chamber of a digitally controlled burst test loop. A CCD camera and a PC based image grabbing program were used to visualize cavitation bubbles appearing on or near the occluder surface. A special synchronization circuit was designed to record the TPS and the cavitation bubbles simultaneously. Two bileaflet MHVs were used as the models for this study. Cavitation bubbles were observed within 1 ms of the leaflet/housing impact.The valves were tested at various driving pressures between 100 and 1300 mmHg. MHV cavitation bubble intensities were qualitatively classified into three categories: (1) strong, (2) weak, and (3) none. Digital images of the MHV occluder inflow surface were recorded simultaneously with the TPS. TPS were studied by the time-frequency analysis method (spectrogram), and correlated to MHV cavitation potential. The intensity of the cavitation bubbles was found to be associated with burst test loop driving pressures during leaflet closure