From where do Cancer-Initiating Cells Originate?

International audienc

Extraction of Suspicious Behavior of Vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone

Available: http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/isapx/2008/pdf/1645005.pdfInternational audienceIntroduction: Constant growth of world maritime transport and significant economic stakes of territorial water management have prompted the international community to invest in maritime global security research. In this context, the ScanMaris project, which is founded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), aims to continuously monitor activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) activities and detect abnormal behavior using both observation systems and external data sources

Sense, enrich and classify: The scanmaris workshop for assessment of vessel's abnormal behavior in the EEZ

International audienceConstant monitoring of the Exclusive Economic Zone cannot be performed only using high performance sensors. On the one hand, all available information on the observed area as juridical history of vessels or delineation of fishing zone is not necessarily measurable. On the other hand, even if the large amount of available information could be caught out they would be useless if none thorough sorting and analysis are carried on. So, we propose to sense vessel trail in Exclusive Economic Zone, to enrich the trail with the relevant non-measurable information and to use this material to classify vessel behaviors. The main issues of this approach are the selection of the relevant detailswhich point to uncommon behaviors and the definition of the criteria which allow differentiating uncommon behavior and fraudulent one. Thus, the challenge is to deal with multidisciplinary information (i.e. bathymetry, radar tracks, insurance database, weather, etc.) and multi-domain criteria (i.e. juridical, behavioral, zonal, temporal, etc.). The architecture presented here aims to overcome both the issues

ScanMaris (Safer Seas 2007)

International audienceThe SCANMARIS project is a software workshop conceived to develop and evaluate solutions of prevention and monitoring the maritime borders. It relies on tactical picture exploitation tools, known as enriched for resulting from the continuous treatment of important volumes of heterogeneous data gathered in real time and differed time. SCANMARIS allow supervising the permanent evolutions traffic on a global maritime zone in order to follow the flow of transported goods (bulk, containers, energy, chemical....) according to various routes (corridor, coastal traffic...) and to automatically detect criminal traffics of illicit products. SCANMARIS uses data treatment tools to merge ship's data kinematics and other information to establish and maintain a global enriched tactical picture compilation of the traffic, the training methods and the models which exploit the tactical picture. This increase a permanent knowledge of the goods flows, to improve its follow-up, and the rules of investigation organised to detect irregularities like the illicit products flows, disasters, regulation violations, etc. SCANMARIS project involves functions that improve the effectiveness of a global surveillance of the contraveners. They will contribute to set up optimal answers and intervention means well fitting the struggle against terrorist threats, illicit activities and maritime violations

ScanMaris (Safer Seas 2007)

International audienceThe SCANMARIS project is a software workshop conceived to develop and evaluate solutions of prevention and monitoring the maritime borders. It relies on tactical picture exploitation tools, known as enriched for resulting from the continuous treatment of important volumes of heterogeneous data gathered in real time and differed time. SCANMARIS allow supervising the permanent evolutions traffic on a global maritime zone in order to follow the flow of transported goods (bulk, containers, energy, chemical....) according to various routes (corridor, coastal traffic...) and to automatically detect criminal traffics of illicit products. SCANMARIS uses data treatment tools to merge ship's data kinematics and other information to establish and maintain a global enriched tactical picture compilation of the traffic, the training methods and the models which exploit the tactical picture. This increase a permanent knowledge of the goods flows, to improve its follow-up, and the rules of investigation organised to detect irregularities like the illicit products flows, disasters, regulation violations, etc. SCANMARIS project involves functions that improve the effectiveness of a global surveillance of the contraveners. They will contribute to set up optimal answers and intervention means well fitting the struggle against terrorist threats, illicit activities and maritime violations

ScanMaris : automatic detection of abnormal vessel behaviours

International audienceThe ScanMaris project is a software workshop designed to develop and evaluate solutions for thread prevention and maritime border monitoring. It relies on enriched tactical picture exploitation tools resulting from the continuous treatment of important volumes of heterogeneous data gathered in real time and differed time. ScanMaris will enable the supervision of the permanent evolving traffic on a global maritime zone in order to follow the flow of transported goods (bulk, containers, energy, chemical....) according to various routes (corridor, coastal traffic...) and to automatically detect criminal traffic of illicit products. ScanMaris will use data treatment tools to merge ship's kinematic data and other information to establish and maintain a global enriched tactical picture compilation of the traffic, the training methods and the models which exploit the tactical picture. This produces a permanent knowledge of goods flows, improves its follow-up and the rules of investigation organised to detect irregularities like illicit products flows, disasters, regulation violations, etc. The ScanMaris project will involve functions that improve the effectiveness of a global surveillance of the contraveners. They will contribute to set up optimal answers and intervention means adequately fitting the struggle against illicit activities and maritime violations

Toward a complete system for surveillance of the whole EEZ: ScanMaris and associated projects

International audienceThere is currently an undeniable increase of maritime goods exchanges. As a consequence, maritime threats and risks are also rising. Innovative solution has to be developed to improve the security of this huge economic activity. Future generation of maritime surveillance system should allow: permanent and all weather coverage of maritime border areas, continuous collection of heterogeneous data provided by various sources, automatic detection of abnormal vessel behaviors, understanding of suspicious events, and early identification of threats. No equipment and information system deployments are at present able to answer all these requirements. We propose here an integrated system with relevant innovative technologies and capacities. The integrated system includes existing conventional and innovative sensors networks as well as new functionalities to track vessel movements and activities or detect abnormal vessel behaviors. The proposed high level engineering architecture is able to generate documented alarms using abnormal events. Those events are extracted from our intelligent maritime traffic picture. Thus, we aim to validate an end to end surveillance chain for future operational sea border surveillanc

Functional Diversification of Fungal Glutathione Transferases from the Ure2p Class

The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) proteins represent an extended family involved in detoxification processes. They are divided into various classes with high diversity in various organisms. The Ure2p class is especially expanded in saprophytic fungi compared to other fungi. This class is subdivided into two subclasses named Ure2pA and Ure2pB, which have rapidly diversified among fungal phyla. We have focused our analysis on Basidiomycetes and used Phanerochaete chrysosporium as a model to correlate the sequence diversity with the functional diversity of these glutathione transferases. The results show that among the nine isoforms found in P. chrysosporium, two belonging to Ure2pA subclass are exclusively expressed at the transcriptional level in presence of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Moreover, we have highlighted differential catalytic activities and substrate specificities between Ure2pA and Ure2pB isoforms. This diversity of sequence and function suggests that fungal Ure2p sequences have evolved rapidly in response to environmental constraints

Trafic Maritime : détection des comportements anormaux des navires

International audiencePour garantir aujourd'hui des conditions sécuritaires de passage dans les eaux territoriales et exclusives économiques françaises, le dispositif de surveillance maritime s'est renforcé en utilisant de manière optimale la synergie de ses différentes composantes : CROSS (Centre Régionaux Opérationnels de Surveillance et de Sauvetage), sémaphores, moyens nautiques et aériens des administrations en mer. Toutefois, le nombre de mobiles circulant sur certaines zones maritimes est en constante augmentation et les demandes d'assistance en cas de difficultés ont changé ; les grosses unités commerciales tardent, pour des raisons économiques, à signaler une avarie et tendent à en minimiser l'importance. Les actes illicites suivent des protocoles de plus en plus perfectionnés pour échapper à la surveillance. Le développement des activités nautiques de loisirs engorge les centres de surveillance et de sauvetage ..

ABCG2, a novel antigen to sort luminal progenitors of BRCA1- breast cancer cells.

International audienceINTRODUCTION: Tumor-initiating cells (TICs), aka "cancer stem cells", are believed to fuel tumors and to sustain therapy resistance and systemic metastasis. Breast cancer is the first human carcinoma in which a subpopulation of cells displaying a specific CD44+/CD24-/low/ESA+ antigenic phenotype was found to have TIC properties. However, CD44+/CD24-/low/ESA+ is not a universal marker phenotype of TICs in all breast cancer subtypes. The aim of this study was to identify novel antigens with which to isolate the TIC population of the basal-A/basal-like breast cancer cell lines. METHODS: We used polychromatic flow-cytometry to characterize the cell surface of several breast cancer cell lines that may represent different tumor molecular subtypes. We next used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate the cell subpopulations of interest from the cell lines. Finally, we explored the stem-like and tumorigenic properties of the sorted cell subpopulations using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches: mammosphere formation assays, soft-agar colony assays, and tumorigenic assays in NOD/SCID mice. RESULTS: The CD44+/CD24+ subpopulation of the BRCA1-mutated basal-A/basal-like cell line HCC1937 is enriched in several stemness markers, including the ABCG2 transporter (i.e., the CD338 antigen). Consistently, CD338-expressing cells were also enriched in CD24 expression, suggesting that coexpression of these two antigenic markers may segregate TICs in this cell line. In support of ABCG2 expression in TICs, culturing of HCC1937 cells in ultra-low adherent conditions to enrich them in precursor/stem-cells resulted in an increase in CD338-expressing cells. Furthermore, CD338-expressing cells, unlike their CD338-negative counterparts, displayed stemness and transformation potential, as assessed in mammosphere and colony formation assays. Lastly, CD338-expressing cells cultured in ultra-low adherent conditions maintained the expression of CD326/EpCAM and CD49f/α6-integrin, which is a combination of antigens previously assigned to luminal progenitors. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data suggest that CD338 expression is specific to the tumor-initiating luminal progenitor subpopulation of BRCA1-mutated cells and is a novel antigen with which to sort this subpopulation