Noise in urban areas: How does the definition of "neighborhood" impact exposure assessment?

International audienceEnvironmental epidemiological studies commonly quantify subjects' noise exposure level in their neighborhood. How this neighborhood is defined can vary across studies, leading to different approaches whose impacts on exposure levels remain unclear. This article examines the impact of the neighborhood's definition on environmental noise exposure estimates. L Aeq,24h exposures in the vicinity of 10,825 residential buildings were estimated using a high-definition noise map, built on a middle-sized French city. Various definitions of neighborhood (address point, façade, buffers, and official zoning) were used to produce different exposure estimates. Influence of urban environmental factors was analyzed using multilevel modeling. The results showed a significant increase of the exposure estimates (+3.9 dB) and a significant decrease of the variability, when the sample size of the considered neighborhood increased (P<0.01). The difference between the estimates from the 50-m-radius buffers and the 400-m-radius buffers ranged across buildings between –9.4 and +22.3 dB. This variation was influenced by urban environmental characteristics (P<0.01). Furthermore, the same approach was conducted individually considering assessments of exposure to road traffic noise railway noise and two atmospheric pollutants (NO2 and PM 10). The results highlight the need in further exposure and/or epidemiological studies to carefully consider neighborhood definition and environmental composition

One-Year Follow-Up of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in SNCA Mutation Parkinsonism: A Case Report

peer reviewe

ATHLETIQUE: interest of an adapted physical activity program in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a feasibility and preliminary effectiveness study

BackgroundJuvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is associated with joint inflammation, pain and limited joint mobility, impacting the practice of physical activities. Adapted Physical Activities (APA) are an increasingly used method of rehabilitation, but additional studies are needed to define the nature of the most appropriate physical activity for patients with JIA. The “ATHLETIQUE” project aims to evaluate the impact of a program integrating APA sessions with use of a pedometer watch, on disease activity in patients with JIA.MethodsThis study will be a randomized, multicenter, open-label, controlled clinical trial with 2 parallel arms. The patients included in this study will be children and adolescents with JIA, aged 6 to 17 years. The experimental group (30 patients) will participate in an APA program for 3 months and will use a pedometer watch for one year. We will evaluate and compare the change in disease activity measurements (primary objective), fatigue, pain, quality of life, level of physical activity, functional capacities, and muscle strength (secondary objectives) after 14, 26 and 50 weeks. The control group (10 patients) will undergo the same evaluations as the experimental group but will not participate in the APA program and will not wear the pedometer watch.Expected resultsThe APA program may help to promote an active lifestyle with regular physical activity, preventing comorbidities and motor disability. Promising results on disease activity, functional capacities and quality of life would enable us to envisage a larger research program with a view to optimizing and assessing APA for children with JIA.DiscussionThis study will be conducted in the short and medium-term, with one-year follow-up, including 3 months of APA sessions for the experimental group. The sessions proposed during the APA program will mainly be aerobic and bodyweight exercises. Furthermore, in contrast to previous studies on this topic, our study will integrate a novel element, namely the use of a pedometer watch. This watch will help to implement strategies to address motivation. This study aims to improve physical and mental well-being, provide a basis for the design of a larger study, and propose recommendations adapted to children with JIA.Trial registrationRegistered with ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT0557242

Enabling planetary science across light-years. Ariel Definition Study Report

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

Death and the Societies of Late Antiquity

Ce volume bilingue, comprenant un ensemble de 28 contributions disponibles en français et en anglais (dans leur version longue ou abrégée), propose d’établir un état des lieux des réflexions, recherches et études conduites sur le fait funéraire à l’époque tardo-antique au sein des provinces de l’Empire romain et sur leurs régions limitrophes, afin d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives sur ses évolutions possibles. Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les transformations considérables des méthodologies déployées sur le terrain et en laboratoire ont permis un renouveau des questionnements sur les populations et les pratiques funéraires de l’Antiquité tardive, période marquée par de multiples changements politiques, sociaux, démographiques et culturels. L’apparition de ce qui a été initialement désigné comme une « Anthropologie de terrain », qui fut le début de la démarche archéothanatologique, puis le récent développement d’approches collaboratives entre des domaines scientifiques divers (archéothanatologie, biochimie et géochimie, génétique, histoire, épigraphie par exemple) ont été décisives pour le renouvellement des problématiques d’étude : révision d’anciens concepts comme apparition d’axes d’analyse inédits. Les recherches rassemblées dans cet ouvrage sont articulées autour de quatre grands thèmes : l’évolution des pratiques funéraires dans le temps, l’identité sociale dans la mort, les ensembles funéraires en transformation (organisation et topographie) et les territoires de l’empire (du cœur aux marges). Ces études proposent un réexamen et une révision des données, tant anthropologiques qu’archéologiques ou historiques sur l’Antiquité tardive, et révèlent, à cet égard, une mosaïque de paysages politiques, sociaux et culturels singulièrement riches et complexes. Elles accroissent nos connaissances sur le traitement des défunts, l’emplacement des aires funéraires ou encore la structure des sépultures, en révélant une diversité de pratiques, et permettent au final de relancer la réflexion sur la manière dont les sociétés tardo-antiques envisagent la mort et sur les éléments permettant d’identifier et de définir la diversité des groupes qui les composent. Elles démontrent ce faisant que nous pouvons véritablement appréhender les structures culturelles et sociales des communautés anciennes et leurs potentielles transformations, à partir de l’étude des pratiques funéraires.This bilingual volume proposes to draw up an assessment of the recent research conducted on funerary behavior during Late Antiquity in the provinces of the Roman Empire and on their borders, in order to open new perspectives on its possible developments. The considerable transformations of the methodologies have raised the need for a renewal of the questions on the funerary practices during Late Antiquity, a period marked by multiple political, social, demographic and cultural changes. The emergence field anthropology, which was the beginning of archaeothanatology, and then the recent development of collaborative approaches between various scientific fields (archaeothanatology, biochemistry and geochemistry, genetics, history, epigraphy, for example), have been decisive. The research collected in this book is structured around four main themes: Evolution of funerary practices over time; Social identity through death; Changing burial grounds (organisation and topography); Territories of the Empire (from the heart to the margins). These studies propose a review and a revision of the data, both anthropological and archaeological or historical on Late Antiquity, and reveal a mosaic of political, social, and cultural landscapes singularly rich and complex. In doing so, they demonstrate that we can truly understand the cultural and social structures of ancient communities and their potential transformations, based on the study of funerary practices

Tau excess impairs mitosis and kinesin-5 function, leading to aneuploidy and cell death

International audienceIn neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cell cycle defects and associated aneuploidy have been described. However, the importance of these defects in the physiopathology of AD and the underlying mechanistic processes are largely unknown, in particular with respect to the microtubule (MT)-binding protein Tau, which is found in excess in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of affected individuals. Although it has long been known that Tau is phosphorylated during mitosis to generate a lower affinity for MTs, there is, to our knowledge, no indication that an excess of this protein could affect mitosis. Here, we studied the effect of an excess of human Tau (hTau) protein on cell mitosis in vivo. Using the Drosophila developing wing disc epithelium as a model, we show that an excess of hTau induces a mitotic arrest, with the presence of monopolar spindles. This mitotic defect leads to aneuploidy and apoptotic cell death. We studied the mechanism of action of hTau and found that the MT-binding domain of hTau is responsible for these defects. We also demonstrate that the effects of hTau occur via the inhibition of the function of the kinesin Klp61F, the Drosophila homologue of kinesin-5 (also called Eg5 or KIF11). We finally show that this deleterious effect of hTau is also found in other Drosophila cell types (neuroblasts) and tissues (the developing eye disc), as well as in human HeLa cells. By demonstrating that MT-bound Tau inhibits the Eg5 kinesin and cell mitosis, our work provides a new framework to consider the role of Tau in neurodegenerative diseases

La mélioïdose à la Réunion (à propos d'un cas communautaire et de deux cas de transmission nosocomiale)

La mélioïdose est une pathologie tropicale émergente due à Burkholderia pseudomallei ou bacille de Whitmore. Ce germe tellurique sévit à l'état endémique dans le sud-est asiatique et le nord de l'Australie. Cette infection opportuniste se développe sur des terrains immunodéprimés. Elle se présente sous une forme septicémique, pulmonaire et peut être associée à de nombreux abcès. Sur l'île de la Réunion, aucune infection humaine due à Burkholderia pseudomallei n'avait été rapportée avant 2004.Nous décrivons le premier cas de mélioïdose septicémique communautaire et deux cas secondaires de transmission nosocomiale à partir d'un endoscope bronchique contaminé à la Réunion. Ce travail soulève la complexité des démarches conduisant au diagnostic bactériologique de ce germe dans les régions de faible endémicité, et s'intéresse particulièrement à la prise en charge prophylactique en cas de suspicion de contamination.LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

La place de la carte au sein d’un projet de recherche: Un exemple de géocollaboration utilisant un Web SIG

International audienc

Les ressources de la carte dans un projet de recherche: Un exemple d'application Web SIG multidisciplinaire de géo-collaboration. Hervé Parmentier, Anne Honnegger, Marie Laure Tremelo, Université de Lyon, UMR 5600, CNRS, ENS Lyon, ISIG.

International audienceHow to use thematic map from GIS Web tool to help research community to better understand the spatial environmental phenomena and the influence of human actions on watershed in the past 200 years ? Using a web GIS technology, this project has starting to build some spatial scenarios models and communicate them to all partners. Many using and tests has being mainly focused on different map scenario geovisualization like demographic, activities, aménagements, and socio-envionnmental analysComment utiliser la carte thématique de l'outil Web SIG pour aider la communauté de recherche à mieux comprendre les phénomènes environnementaux spatiaux et l'influence des actions humaines sur les bassins versants au cours des 200 dernières années? En utilisant une technologie SIG web, ce projet a commencé à construire des modèles de scénarios spatiaux et à les communiquer à tous les partenaires. Beaucoup d'utilisation et de tests ont été principalement axés sur différentes géovisualisations de scénarios de cartes comme les données démographiques, les activités, les aménagements et les analyses socio-environnementales

Les ressources de la carte dans un projet de recherche: Un exemple d'application Web SIG multidisciplinaire de géo-collaboration. Hervé Parmentier, Anne Honnegger, Marie Laure Tremelo, Université de Lyon, UMR 5600, CNRS, ENS Lyon, ISIG.

International audienceHow to use thematic map from GIS Web tool to help research community to better understand the spatial environmental phenomena and the influence of human actions on watershed in the past 200 years ? Using a web GIS technology, this project has starting to build some spatial scenarios models and communicate them to all partners. Many using and tests has being mainly focused on different map scenario geovisualization like demographic, activities, aménagements, and socio-envionnmental analysComment utiliser la carte thématique de l'outil Web SIG pour aider la communauté de recherche à mieux comprendre les phénomènes environnementaux spatiaux et l'influence des actions humaines sur les bassins versants au cours des 200 dernières années? En utilisant une technologie SIG web, ce projet a commencé à construire des modèles de scénarios spatiaux et à les communiquer à tous les partenaires. Beaucoup d'utilisation et de tests ont été principalement axés sur différentes géovisualisations de scénarios de cartes comme les données démographiques, les activités, les aménagements et les analyses socio-environnementales