Morphological characterization of seeds and seedlings of <i>Lotus tenuis</i> and <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> in order to differentiate species in seed samples

El objetivo fue caracterizar morfológicamente las semillas y las plántulas en fase temprana de Lotus tenuis (Lt) y Lotus corniculatus (Lc) para diferenciar ambas especies a partir de muestras de semillas. Se estudiaron veintiocho muestras observándose en semillas la morfología de la región hilar, y en plántulas la pubescencia del epicótilo y del folíolo central del profilo, la forma de las células epidérmicas y las longitudes de las células oclusivas y epidérmicas en folíolos y cotiledones. El recuento cromosómico en células meristemáticas de radículas permitió verificar especies, 2n=2x=12 en Lt y 2n=4x=24 en Lc. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas de homogeneidad de proporciones y comparación de promedios. La región hilar de las semillas presentó tres formas con frecuencias variables, por lo que no fue válido para diferenciar especies. La pubescencia del epicótilo y folíolo central del profilo fue nula o muy escasa en Lt y claramente presente en Lc, resultando un carácter válido para diferenciar las dos especies. La forma de las células epidérmicas de folíolos y cotiledones no fue útil para la diferenciación. El tamaño de las células epidérmicas en la superficie superior y en la inferior y el tamaño de las células oclusivas en la epidermis superior del cotiledón tampoco tuvieron valor diagnóstico. En consecuencia los caracteres útiles para diferenciar y establecer proporciones de las dos especies a partir de muestras de semillas fueron el recuento cromosómico y la pubescencia en el epicótilo y del folíolo central del profilo.The aim was to morphologically characterize the seeds and the seedlings of Lotus tenuis and Lotus corniculatus in order to differentiate samples of seeds of both species. Twenty eight samples were studied to observe: in seeds, the morphology of the hilar region; in seedlings, the central leaflet pubescence of the first leaf and the epicotyl pubescence, the morphology of the epidermal cells, and the length of the occlusive and epidermal cells in leaflets and cotyledons. The chromosome counting in root meristematic cells allowed to verify species, 2n=2x=12 in Lt and 2n=4x = 24 in Lc. Data were analyzed by homogeneity of proportions and compare means. The hilar region of the seeds presented three shapes with variable frequencies, therefore it was not valid to differentiate species. The pubescence was null or very scarce in Lt and clearly visible in Lc, being this a valid feature to differentiate the species. The shape of the inferior epidermis cells in leaflets and cotyledons was not useful to differentiate the species. The size of the epidermal cells on the upper and the lower surface and the size of guard cells in the upper epidermis of cotyledon did not provide diagnostic value to differentiate both species. Therefore, the useful characteristics to differentiate and establish proportions between the two species on samples of seeds, were the chromosome count and the pubescence of epicotyl and central leaflet of the first leaf.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Morphological characterization of seeds and seedlings of <i>Lotus tenuis</i> and <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> in order to differentiate species in seed samples

El objetivo fue caracterizar morfológicamente las semillas y las plántulas en fase temprana de Lotus tenuis (Lt) y Lotus corniculatus (Lc) para diferenciar ambas especies a partir de muestras de semillas. Se estudiaron veintiocho muestras observándose en semillas la morfología de la región hilar, y en plántulas la pubescencia del epicótilo y del folíolo central del profilo, la forma de las células epidérmicas y las longitudes de las células oclusivas y epidérmicas en folíolos y cotiledones. El recuento cromosómico en células meristemáticas de radículas permitió verificar especies, 2n=2x=12 en Lt y 2n=4x=24 en Lc. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas de homogeneidad de proporciones y comparación de promedios. La región hilar de las semillas presentó tres formas con frecuencias variables, por lo que no fue válido para diferenciar especies. La pubescencia del epicótilo y folíolo central del profilo fue nula o muy escasa en Lt y claramente presente en Lc, resultando un carácter válido para diferenciar las dos especies. La forma de las células epidérmicas de folíolos y cotiledones no fue útil para la diferenciación. El tamaño de las células epidérmicas en la superficie superior y en la inferior y el tamaño de las células oclusivas en la epidermis superior del cotiledón tampoco tuvieron valor diagnóstico. En consecuencia los caracteres útiles para diferenciar y establecer proporciones de las dos especies a partir de muestras de semillas fueron el recuento cromosómico y la pubescencia en el epicótilo y del folíolo central del profilo.The aim was to morphologically characterize the seeds and the seedlings of Lotus tenuis and Lotus corniculatus in order to differentiate samples of seeds of both species. Twenty eight samples were studied to observe: in seeds, the morphology of the hilar region; in seedlings, the central leaflet pubescence of the first leaf and the epicotyl pubescence, the morphology of the epidermal cells, and the length of the occlusive and epidermal cells in leaflets and cotyledons. The chromosome counting in root meristematic cells allowed to verify species, 2n=2x=12 in Lt and 2n=4x = 24 in Lc. Data were analyzed by homogeneity of proportions and compare means. The hilar region of the seeds presented three shapes with variable frequencies, therefore it was not valid to differentiate species. The pubescence was null or very scarce in Lt and clearly visible in Lc, being this a valid feature to differentiate the species. The shape of the inferior epidermis cells in leaflets and cotyledons was not useful to differentiate the species. The size of the epidermal cells on the upper and the lower surface and the size of guard cells in the upper epidermis of cotyledon did not provide diagnostic value to differentiate both species. Therefore, the useful characteristics to differentiate and establish proportions between the two species on samples of seeds, were the chromosome count and the pubescence of epicotyl and central leaflet of the first leaf.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Morphological characterization of seeds and seedlings of <i>Lotus tenuis</i> and <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> in order to differentiate species in seed samples

El objetivo fue caracterizar morfológicamente las semillas y las plántulas en fase temprana de Lotus tenuis (Lt) y Lotus corniculatus (Lc) para diferenciar ambas especies a partir de muestras de semillas. Se estudiaron veintiocho muestras observándose en semillas la morfología de la región hilar, y en plántulas la pubescencia del epicótilo y del folíolo central del profilo, la forma de las células epidérmicas y las longitudes de las células oclusivas y epidérmicas en folíolos y cotiledones. El recuento cromosómico en células meristemáticas de radículas permitió verificar especies, 2n=2x=12 en Lt y 2n=4x=24 en Lc. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas de homogeneidad de proporciones y comparación de promedios. La región hilar de las semillas presentó tres formas con frecuencias variables, por lo que no fue válido para diferenciar especies. La pubescencia del epicótilo y folíolo central del profilo fue nula o muy escasa en Lt y claramente presente en Lc, resultando un carácter válido para diferenciar las dos especies. La forma de las células epidérmicas de folíolos y cotiledones no fue útil para la diferenciación. El tamaño de las células epidérmicas en la superficie superior y en la inferior y el tamaño de las células oclusivas en la epidermis superior del cotiledón tampoco tuvieron valor diagnóstico. En consecuencia los caracteres útiles para diferenciar y establecer proporciones de las dos especies a partir de muestras de semillas fueron el recuento cromosómico y la pubescencia en el epicótilo y del folíolo central del profilo.The aim was to morphologically characterize the seeds and the seedlings of Lotus tenuis and Lotus corniculatus in order to differentiate samples of seeds of both species. Twenty eight samples were studied to observe: in seeds, the morphology of the hilar region; in seedlings, the central leaflet pubescence of the first leaf and the epicotyl pubescence, the morphology of the epidermal cells, and the length of the occlusive and epidermal cells in leaflets and cotyledons. The chromosome counting in root meristematic cells allowed to verify species, 2n=2x=12 in Lt and 2n=4x = 24 in Lc. Data were analyzed by homogeneity of proportions and compare means. The hilar region of the seeds presented three shapes with variable frequencies, therefore it was not valid to differentiate species. The pubescence was null or very scarce in Lt and clearly visible in Lc, being this a valid feature to differentiate the species. The shape of the inferior epidermis cells in leaflets and cotyledons was not useful to differentiate the species. The size of the epidermal cells on the upper and the lower surface and the size of guard cells in the upper epidermis of cotyledon did not provide diagnostic value to differentiate both species. Therefore, the useful characteristics to differentiate and establish proportions between the two species on samples of seeds, were the chromosome count and the pubescence of epicotyl and central leaflet of the first leaf.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Long-term voice monitoring with smartphone applications and contact microphone

In recent years, the growing interest in the recognition of voice disorders as occupational diseases has required screening methods adaptable to the clinical requirements, capable to extend the collection of baseline data. In this framework, the use of smartphones has gained increasing interest, thanks to advancements in digital technology, which made them suitable for recording and analyzingacoustic signals. Two smartphone applications, based on the Voice Care® technology, have been developed for long-term monitoring of voice activity when combined with a cheap contact microphone embedded in a collar. The applications have been tested in laboratory and used for the monitoring of teachers at kindergarten, primary school, and university. Vocal Holter App allows the selection of short and long term monitoring mode, and three different clusters of vocal parameters related to intensity, intonation, and load, respectively. Most of the results are based on the distributions of occurrences of vocal parameters. A headlight informs the person under monitoring of pathologic voice. Vocal Holter Rec allows data recording and to perform a personalized analysis based on updated parameters. The equipment allows downloading and saving data on a dedicated web site for further processing, comparisons over time, or sharing with physicians or rehabilitators

Caractériser les troubles du comportement alimentaire de l’enfant atteint de dysoralité

Introduction et objectif : Différentes pathologies (métaboliques, neurologiques, prématurité) peuvent nécessiter le recours à une alimentation artificielle dans les premiers mois de vie. L’absence d’alimentation par voie orale lors de cette période essentielle de la formation du comportement alimentaire, surtout lorsqu’elle est associée à un traitement invasif (i.e. sonde naso-gastrique), peut s’accompagner de conséquences à long terme sur le comportement alimentaire. L’objectif est de développer un questionnaire évaluant le comportement, les préférences et les habitudes alimentaires d’enfants atteints de dysoralité (TO), en comparaison avec des enfants sains (STO). Méthode : L’inclusion des TO s’est déroulée dans différents hôpitaux (Lyon, Paris et Lille) selon les critères suivants : âge de 2 à 8 ans, recours à une alimentation artificielle pendant les 2 premières années de vie pendant au moins 2 mois, alimentation artificielle actuelle >50% des apports caloriques accompagnée d’une alimentation orale, Des STO de même âge, sans pathologie et n’ayant jamais eu recours à une alimentation artificielle ont été recrutés à Paris et à Lyon. Des entretiens ont été réalisés avec les parents (N=8) de TO et avec des psychologues et des orthophonistes pour spécifier les thèmes d’intérêt. Ils ont permis d’élaborer 2 questionnaires : un comportant 97 questions portant sur le comportement alimentaire (échelle à 5 points) et un questionnaire de fréquence de consommation (6 catégories) et de préférence (échelle en 4 points), appliqué à 148 aliments regroupés en 13 catégories. Ces questionnaires ont été approuvés par le CCTIRS. Les réponses des TO et STO ont été comparées par des t-tests (P<0,05) et une analyse en composante principale (ACP) a permis d’évaluer la structure du questionnaire Résultats : Pour les 2 groupes (TO, N=59, 4,9±2,4 ans ; STO, N=101, 5,2±1,8 ans) des différences significatives ont été montrées pour 67 questions sur 97. Une ACP a porté sur 78 questions : l’axe 1 oppose clairement TO et STO. Les questions ont ensuite été regroupées en différentes dimensions : difficulté pour manger, sensibilité tactile orale, appétit, intérêt pour la nourriture, autonomie, sélectivité, sensibilité à la texture, appréciation du goût sucré, sensibilité à la température. Pour toutes ces dimensions les différences entre TO et STO étaient importantes (P<0,0001). Pour toutes les catégories d’aliments, les fréquences de consommation et le nombre d’aliments consommés sont inférieurs pour les TO que pour les STO. Les TO apprécient moins toutes les catégories d’aliments à l’exception des légumes, des œufs-abats-charcuterie, des fromages, des condiments-épices-sauces et des boissons. Conclusion : Ces questionnaires sont utiles à la caractérisation des troubles de l’oralité des enfants TO. Leur utilisation pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre les conséquences des différents modes d’alimentation artificielle et guider la rééducation alimentaire en fonction des préférences. Financé par l’ANR projet ALIA-ORALISENS

Neotyphodium coenophialum incidence in tall fescue seeds trade in the Pampas region

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el porcentaje de infección del endófito Neotyphodium coenophialum en semillas comerciales de festuca alta en la región Pampeana Argentina durante la campaña 2007-2008. Se analizaron 45 muestras de semillas comerciales de festuca. De cada muestra, al menos 100 semillas fueron analizadas individualmente por coloración directa y observación microscópica para detectar el endófito. El porcentaje de muestras con infección inferior o igual al 5% fue de 87%, significativamente superior al valor reportado en año 2000 de 68% (p=0,001). Se aportó un dato más a favor de la tendencia de comercializar semillas de festuca alta que cumplan con la reglamentación vigente.The aim was to assess the percentage of Neotyphodium coenophialum infection of commercial seeds of tall fescue in the Argentinean Pampas during 2007/08. Forty-five samples of fescue seeds were analyzed. Of each sample, unless 100 seeds/sample were both stained and observed by microscope to detect the endophyte. The value of 87% of seed samples, which the infection did not exceed the 5%, was significantly higher than the reported value in 2000 of 68% (p=0,001). Data in favor of the trend of tall fescue seed market in line with current regulations was provided.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Neotyphodium coenophialum incidence in tall fescue seeds trade in the Pampas region

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el porcentaje de infección del endófito Neotyphodium coenophialum en semillas comerciales de festuca alta en la región Pampeana Argentina durante la campaña 2007-2008. Se analizaron 45 muestras de semillas comerciales de festuca. De cada muestra, al menos 100 semillas fueron analizadas individualmente por coloración directa y observación microscópica para detectar el endófito. El porcentaje de muestras con infección inferior o igual al 5% fue de 87%, significativamente superior al valor reportado en año 2000 de 68% (p=0,001). Se aportó un dato más a favor de la tendencia de comercializar semillas de festuca alta que cumplan con la reglamentación vigente.The aim was to assess the percentage of Neotyphodium coenophialum infection of commercial seeds of tall fescue in the Argentinean Pampas during 2007/08. Forty-five samples of fescue seeds were analyzed. Of each sample, unless 100 seeds/sample were both stained and observed by microscope to detect the endophyte. The value of 87% of seed samples, which the infection did not exceed the 5%, was significantly higher than the reported value in 2000 of 68% (p=0,001). Data in favor of the trend of tall fescue seed market in line with current regulations was provided.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Neotyphodium coenophialum incidence in tall fescue seeds trade in the Pampas region

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el porcentaje de infección del endófito Neotyphodium coenophialum en semillas comerciales de festuca alta en la región Pampeana Argentina durante la campaña 2007-2008. Se analizaron 45 muestras de semillas comerciales de festuca. De cada muestra, al menos 100 semillas fueron analizadas individualmente por coloración directa y observación microscópica para detectar el endófito. El porcentaje de muestras con infección inferior o igual al 5% fue de 87%, significativamente superior al valor reportado en año 2000 de 68% (p=0,001). Se aportó un dato más a favor de la tendencia de comercializar semillas de festuca alta que cumplan con la reglamentación vigente.The aim was to assess the percentage of Neotyphodium coenophialum infection of commercial seeds of tall fescue in the Argentinean Pampas during 2007/08. Forty-five samples of fescue seeds were analyzed. Of each sample, unless 100 seeds/sample were both stained and observed by microscope to detect the endophyte. The value of 87% of seed samples, which the infection did not exceed the 5%, was significantly higher than the reported value in 2000 of 68% (p=0,001). Data in favor of the trend of tall fescue seed market in line with current regulations was provided.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Chronic Intestinal Failure in Children : An International Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism database for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) was analyzed to investigate factors associated with nutritional status and the intravenous supplementation (IVS) dependency in children. Methods: Data collected: demographics, CIF mechanism, home parenteral nutrition program, z-scores of weight-for-age (WFA), length or height-for-age (LFA/HFA), and body mass index-for-age (BMI-FA). IVS dependency was calculated as the ratio of daily total IVS energy over estimated resting energy expenditure (%IVSE/REE). Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight patients were included, 57.2% of whom were male. CIF mechanisms at age 1-4 and 14-18 years, respectively: SBS 63.3%, 37.9%; dysmotility or mucosal disease: 36.7%, 62.1%. One-third had WFA and/or LFA/HFA z-scores 125%. Multivariate analysis showed that mechanism of CIF was associated with WFA and/or LFA/HFA z-scores (negatively with mucosal disease) and %IVSE/REE (higher for dysmotility and lower in SBS with colon in continuity), while z-scores were negatively associated with %IVSE/REE. Conclusions: The main mechanism of CIF at young age was short bowel syndrome (SBS), whereas most patients facing adulthood had intestinal dysmotility or mucosal disease. One-third were underweight or stunted and had high IVS dependency. Considering that IVS dependency was associated with both CIF mechanisms and nutritional status, IVS dependency is suggested as a potential marker for CIF severity in children.Peer reviewe

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life