Eating disorders symptoms and excessive internet use in adolescents : the role of internalising and externalising problems

Background: Both eating disorders and excessive internet use represent significant health issues for contemporary adolescents. Yet, the link between them has seldom been investigated. We aim to study this association through their common underlying psychological factors: internalising problems and externalising problems. Methods: A representative sample of 7,083 adolescents (Mage = 13.48 years; SDage = 1.32; 50.3% girls) from Slovakia was obtained from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) project in 2018. Study variables included the Excessive Internet Use Scale (EIU) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Eating disorders symptoms (EDS) were assessed by SCOFF and selected items from the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP). Data were analysed separately for boys and girls with Structural Equation Modelling. Results: There was a partial correlation between EDS and EIU (r = 0.36 for boys and r = 0.29 for girls) after controlling for the internalising and externalising of problems. Internalising and externalising problems were positively associated with EDS, while EIU was only associated with externalising problems. The results were comparable for both genders. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that, during adolescence, EDS and EIU are related and have a tendency to occur together. Also, they are related even when controlled for their shared underlying psychological factors, namely the emotional and attentional/behavioural difficulties

Degradation and by-products identification of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles during chlorination by LC-HR-MS/MS

Nowadays, chlorination is the most prevalent disinfection method applied for water treatment in Europe. Chlorine can be supplied as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) which reacts in water to produce the disinfectants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl-), otherwise known as free chlorine. Although the primary purpose of chlorination is the elimination of micropollutants via oxidation, several investigations have shown that chlorine reacts with micropollutants leading in the production of undesired by-products. 1,3-benzothiazoles (BTHs) and 1,2,3-benzotriazoles (BTRs) are classified as high production volume emerging environmental pollutants due to their broad industrial and domestic application, and even though recently several analytical methods have been applied for their determination , there is still a lack of research for their by-products’ identification. Initially, the degradation of three BTHs (BTH, 2-OH-BTH and 2-amino-BTH) and four BTRs (1-H-BTRi, TTRi, XTRi and 1-OH-BTRi) during chlorination was investigated by UHPLC-MS/MS (QqQ). Although chlorination appeared to be an insufficient degradation process for BTH and 1-H-BTRi, all their examined substituted derivatives seem to be significantly degraded when the molar ratio of sodium hypochlorite and the target analytes was between 5000:1 – 1000:1. Then, LC high resolution MS/MS (q-TOFMS) was used to investigate the formation of by-products in the chlorinated samples. Two suspect by-products of 2-amino-BTH and one of XTRi were tentatively identified based on their probable structure, mass accuracy, retention time and fragmentation and isotopic pattern. An interesting observation was the formation of 1-H-BTRi as a degradation product of 1-OH-BTRi during chlorination. Moreover, post-acquisition non-target treatment of the MS data revealed several unknown by-products of the tested analytes

Does topical minoxidil at concentrations higher than 5% provide additional clinical benefit?

Minoxidil solution is used for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Minoxi dil 5% solution has been shown to have superior efficacy to minoxidil 2% solution, it is unknown whether concentrations of minoxidil > 5% provide additional clinical benefit. We performed a review of the literature to examine the evidence on the effi cacy and safety of higher concentrations of minoxidil in AGA. A search of the PubMed database was performed using the keywords ‘minoxidil’, ‘androgenic alope cia’ and ‘pattern hair loss’. Relevant articles, including clinical trials, other clinical studies, case series and case reports published in English were considered for review. In addition, relevant references from the bibliography section of the retrieved articles were also reviewed

How should novelty be valued in science?

<p>Box plot analysis of serum concentrations of sRAGE (A), esRAGE (B), S100A9 (C) and HMGB1 (D) in patients with CTEPH (n = 26) and controls (n = 33). Independent Student’s t-test was used to compare groups. <i>RAGE</i> receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, <i>sRAGE</i> soluble RAGE, <i>esRAGE</i> endogenous secretory RAGE, <i>S100A9</i> member of S100 family of Ca+ binding proteins, <i>HMGB1</i> high mobility group box1, <i>CTEPH</i> chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.</p

A guide to the use of bioassays in exploration of natural resources

This publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18238 (Ocean4Biotech), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) program . Funding Information: Research of Dina Simes was funded by the Portuguese National Funds from FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology , through projects UIDB/04326/2020 , UIDP/04326/2020 and LA/P/0101/2020 and AAC n° 41/ALG/2020 - Project n° 072583 – NUTRISAFE. Funding Information: Research of Evita Strode was supported by ERDF post-doctoral research grant 1.1.1.2/16/I/001 (application No 1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/465). Funding Information: Susana P. Gaudêncio: This work is financed by national funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB . Funding Information: Research of Jerica Sabotič and Nika Janež was supported by Slovenian Research Agency ( J4- 2543 , J4-4555 , P4-0127 , P4-0432 ). Funding Information: Research of Anna Luganini and Giovanna Cristina Varese was financed by the University of Torino (Ricerca Locale) and the European Commission – NextGenerationEU , Project “Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy”, code n. IR0000005. Funding Information: Research of David Ezra was supported by The Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MOARD), grant number 20-02-0122 , and Copia Agro Israel. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsBioassays are the main tool to decipher bioactivities from natural resources thus their selection and quality are critical for optimal bioprospecting. They are used both in the early stages of compounds isolation/purification/identification, and in later stages to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most common bioassays used in the discovery and development of new bioactive compounds with a focus on marine bioresources. We present a comprehensive list of practical considerations for selecting appropriate bioassays and discuss in detail the bioassays typically used to explore antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-ageing potential. The concept of quality control and bioassay validation are introduced, followed by safety considerations, which are critical to advancing bioactive compounds to a higher stage of development. We conclude by providing an application-oriented view focused on the development of pharmaceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetics, the industrial pipelines where currently known marine natural products hold most potential. We highlight the importance of gaining reliable bioassay results, as these serve as a starting point for application-based development and further testing, as well as for consideration by regulatory authorities.publishersversionpublishe

A gp41 MPER-specific llama VHH requires a hydrophobic CDR3 for neutralization but not for antigen recognition

The membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 is targeted by the broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. To date, no immunization regimen in animals or humans has produced HIV-1 neutralizing MPER-specific antibodies. We immunized llamas with gp41-MPER proteoliposomes and selected a MPER-specific single chain antibody (VHH), 2H10, whose epitope overlaps with that of mAb 2F5. Bi-2H10, a bivalent form of 2H10, which displayed an approximately 20-fold increased affinity compared to the monovalent 2H10, neutralized various sensitive and resistant HIV-1 strains, as well as SHIV strains in TZM-bl cells. X-ray and NMR analyses combined with mutagenesis and modeling revealed that 2H10 recognizes its gp41 epitope in a helical conformation. Notably, tryptophan 100 at the tip of the long CDR3 is not required for gp41 interaction but essential for neutralization. Thus bi-2H10 is an anti-MPER antibody generated by immunization that requires hydrophobic CDR3 determinants in addition to epitope recognition for neutralization similar to the mode of neutralization employed by mAbs 2F5 and 4E10

Biological features and population growth of two Southeastern European Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) strains

A study of the biological features and the potential population growth between two laboratory strains of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Greece and Serbia is conducted on cracked barley and cracked white rice. The results show that, at a species level, T. confusum is able to complete development on cracked barley but not on cracked white rice. Therefore, cracked white rice proves to be an unsuitable commodity for T. confusum. Larval development on cracked barley is significantly shorter for the Serbian compared to the Greek strain (37.7 and 49.7 days, respectively), but pupal development does not differ between the two strains (6.2 days for both strains). Additionally, male longevity does not differ between the Greek and Serbian strains (144.4 and 151.4 days, respectively), while female longevity is significantly shorter for the Serbian (151.7 days) compared to the Greek strain (186.6 days). Fecundity does not differ between the two strains (11.3 and 17.7 eggs/female for the Greek and the Serbian strain, respectively), whilst survival is higher for the Serbian strain on both tested commodities. The values of the net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase and the finite rate of increase on cracked barley are significantly higher for the Serbian (7.27 females/female, 0.025 female/female/day and 1.026, respectively) compared to the Greek strain (2.91 females/female, 0.014 females/female/day and 1.014, respectively). It therefore is expected that different strains of T. confusum may exhibit variable phenology as well as potential population growth. Additionally, we expect our results to have bearing on the management of this species

Potent and Broad Neutralization of HIV-1 by a Llama Antibody Elicited by Immunization

Llamas (Lama glama) naturally produce heavy chain–only antibodies (Abs) in addition to conventional Abs. The variable regions (VHH) in these heavy chain–only Abs demonstrate comparable affinity and specificity for antigens to conventional immunoglobulins despite their much smaller size. To date, immunizations in humans and animal models have yielded only Abs with limited ability to neutralize HIV-1. In this study, a VHH phagemid library generated from a llama that was multiply immunized with recombinant trimeric HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) was screened directly for HIV-1 neutralization. One VHH, L8CJ3 (J3), neutralized 96 of 100 tested HIV-1 strains, encompassing subtypes A, B, C, D, BC, AE, AG, AC, ACD, CD, and G. J3 also potently neutralized chimeric simian-HIV strains with HIV subtypes B and C Env. The sequence of J3 is highly divergent from previous anti–HIV-1 VHH and its own germline sequence. J3 achieves broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 via interaction with the CD4-binding site of HIV-1 Env. This study may represent a new benchmark for immunogens to be included in B cell–based vaccines and supports the development of VHH as anti–HIV-1 microbicides

DL.org Digital Library Technology & Methodology Cookbook

The needs for ‘building by re-use’ and ‘sharing’ have grown out of the demand for powerful and rich Digital Libraries supporting a large variety of interdisciplinary activities coupled with the data deluge which the information society is now facing. Interoperability at a technical, semantic and organisational level is a central issue to satisfy these needs. Interoperable systems broaden choice and open up new perspectives for researchers, governments and citizens across a spectrum of disciplines and domains. Interoperability is key to improve Digital Libraries, enabling wider collaborations and ensuring that a broader spectrum of resources are available to a wider range of people whether for simple consumption or to enhance research activities. Although the importance of interoperability is well known and many attempts have been made in the past to give solutions to interoperability problems, there still is a lack of systematic approaches, and, on average, a scarce knowledge of existing solutions which remain confined to the systems they have been designed for. The need for interoperability goes actually well beyond the digital library domain. Interoperability is among the most critical issues to be faced when building systems as “collections” of independently developed constituents (systems on their own) that should co-operate and rely on each other to accomplish larger tasks. The “Digital Agenda for Europe” (European Commission, May 2010), one of the seven flagship initiatives of Europe’s 2020 Strategy, outlines seven priority areas for actions; the second one concerns “improving the framework conditions for interoperability between ICT products and services”. This key priority foresees that it is essential to enhance interoperability between devices, applications, data repositories, services and networks inside a framework where the conditions for interoperability can be improved in various ways. One important means to that end is to ensure that good ICT standards are available and used, notably in public procurement and legislation. Interoperability is actually a multi-layered and context-specific concept, which encompasses different levels along a multi-dimensional spectrum ranging from organisational to semantic and technological aspects. DL.org has investigated interoperability from multiple perspectives: content, user, functionality, policy, quality, and architecture. It has also examined interoperability at technical, semantic and organisational levels, all central to powerful Digital Libraries needed in today’s context. DL.org is the first initiative to examine interoperability from an all-encompassing perspective by harnessing leading figures in the Digital Library space globally. The output is an innovative Digital Library Technological and Methodological Cookbook with a portfolio of best practices and pattern solutions to common issues faced when developing interoperable digital library systems. A key facet of the Cookbook is the interoperability framework that can be used to systematically characterise diverse facets linked to the interoperability challenge as well as current and emerging solutions and approaches. The Cookbook is designed to facilitate the assessment and selection of the solutions presented, enabling professionals working towards interoperability to define and pursue the different steps involved. This publication presents the Interoperability Framework and discusses interoperability from the perspectives of the content, user, functionality, policy, quality and architecture domains