Replacing sugary drinks with milk is inversely associated with weight gain among young obesity-predisposed children

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the associations of sugary drink consumption and its substitution with alternative beverages with body weight gain among young children predisposed to future weight gain. Secondary analysis of the Healthy Start Study, a 1·5-year randomised controlled trial designed to prevent overweight among Danish children aged 2−6 years (n366), was carried out. Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of beverage consumption with change in body weight (Δweight) or BMI(ΔBMI)z-score. Substitution models were used to extrapolate the influence of replacing sugary drinks with alternative beverages (water, milk and diet drinks) on Δweight or ΔBMIz-score. Sugary drink intake at baseline and substitution of sugary drinks with milk were associated with both Δweight and ΔBMIz-score. Every 100 g/d increase in sugary drink intake was associated with 0·10 kg and 0·06 unit increases in body weight (P=0·048) and BMIz-score (P=0·04), respectively. Substitution of 100 g/d sugary drinks with 100 g/d milk was inversely associated with Δweight (β=−0·16 kg;P=0·045) and ΔBMIz-score (β=−0·07 units;P=0·04). The results of this study suggest that sugary drink consumption was associated with body weight gain among young children with high predisposition for future overweight. In line with the current recommendations, sugary drinks, whether high in added or natural sugar, should be discouraged to help prevent childhood obesity. Milk may be a good alternative to sugary drinks with regard to weight management among young obesity-predisposed children.</jats:p

Intervention effects on dietary intake among children by maternal education level: results of the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS)

Dietary intake among Danish children, in general, does not comply with the official recommendations. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the 3-year effect of a multi-component school-based intervention on nutrient intake in children, and to examine whether an intervention effect depended on maternal education level. A total of 307 children (intervention group: n 184; comparison group: n 123) were included in the present study. All had information on dietary intake pre- and post-intervention (mean age 6·8 and 9·5 years for intervention and comparison groups, respectively) assessed by a 7-d food record. Analyses were conducted based on the daily intake of macronutrients (energy percentage (E%)), fatty acids (E%), added sugar (E%) and dietary fibre (g/d and g/MJ). Analyses were stratified by maternal education level into three categories. Changes in nutrient intake were observed in the intervention group, mainly among children of mothers with a short education ( < 10 years). Here, intake of dietary fibre increased (β = 2·1 g/d, 95 % CI 0·5, 3·6, P= 0·01). Intake of protein tended to increase (β = 0·6 E%, 95 % CI − 0·01, 1·2, P= 0·05), while intake of fat (β = − 1·7 E%, 95 % CI − 3·8, 0·3, P= 0·09) and SFA (β = − 0·9, 95 % CI − 2·0, 0·2, P= 0·10) tended to decrease. Also, a significant intervention effect was observed on the intake of SFA among children of mothers with a long education (β = − 0·8, 95 % CI − 1·5, − 0·03, P= 0·04). This multi-component school-based intervention resulted in changes in the dietary intake, particularly among children of mothers with a short education. As the dietary intake of this subgroup generally differs most from the recommendations, the results of the present study are particularly encouraging

Evaluation des Einflusses primärer normaler und tumorassoziierter Fibroblasten auf Wachstum und Differenzierung humaner Mammakarzinomzellen

Bei der Tumorprogression des Mammakarzinoms spielen nicht nur die Tumorzellen selbst, sondern auch das umgebende Stroma eine wichtige Rolle. Durch ein verhärtetes Tumorstroma können reguläre interzelluläre und mechanische Prozesse gestört werden, so dass ein kanzerogenes Wachstum von Mammakarzinomzellen begünstigt wird. In unserer Arbeitsgemeinschaft konnte kürzlich bewiesen werden, dass sich durch frei schwimmende Kollagenmatrizen die Reversion maligner Epithelzellen (T4-2-Zellen) in Cokultur mit humanen Mammafibroblasten (HMF) beobachten ließ. Die Reversion von T4-2-Zellen, in einem 3D Zellkulturmodell, wird wesentlich durch die zwei Einflussfaktoren Matrixcompliance und Fibroblasten induziert. Die schwimmende Matrixbeschaffenheit ermöglicht sowohl NF als auch CAF durch Kontraktion die Matrixcompliance zu regulieren und dadurch das Wachstumsverhalten T4-2-Zellen zu verändern, so dass sich vermehrt polarisierte Azini bilden

Fadiga e Disfagia Orofaríngea em Pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the Central Nervous System, it is prevalent in women and its evolution and the severity of symptoms are variable, affecting each individual differently. Clinical manifestations depend on the location of the lesion and tissue injury and patients may present a series of symptoms, including fatigue and dysphagia. Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis is multidimensional, and dysphagia is one of the symptoms that can be linked to fatigue. Objective: To identify and correlate symptoms of fatigue and risk of dysphagia in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in which patients with a diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis treated at the Neurology Department of a University Hospital were included. Patients were assessed using the MFIS-BR scale and the DYMUS-BR questionnaire related to fatigue and swallowing, respectively. Results: 74 patients were included. There was a prevalence of females (56.8%) and age over 60 years (95.9%). The most frequent form of Multiple Sclerosis was Remitting-Recurrent (81.1%), the risk of dysphagia was identified in 19 patients (25.7%) and the presence of fatigue symptoms in 32 patients (43.2%). There was a positive and weak correlation between fatigue symptoms and risk of dysphagia (r &lt;0.5). Conclusion: Although weak, there was a positive correlation between fatigue symptoms and risk of dysphagia. The greater the degree of fatigue, the greater the risk of changes in swallowing. La Esclerosis Múltiple es una enfermedad que afecta el sistema nervioso central, prevalece en las mujeres y tanto su evolución como la gravedad de los síntomas son variables y afectan a cada individuo de manera diferente. Las manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la ubicación de la lesión y la lesión del tejido y los pacientes pueden presentar una serie de síntomas, entre los que se destacan la fatiga y la disfagia. La fatiga en la Esclerosis Múltiple es de naturaleza multidimensional y la disfagia es uno de los síntomas que pueden estar relacionados con la fatiga. Objetivo: identificar y correlacionar síntomas de fatiga y riesgo de disfagia en pacientes con Esclerosis Múltiple. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de Esclerosis Múltiple tratados en la clínica ambulatoria de neurología de un hospital universitario. Los pacientes fueron evaluados utilizando la escala MFIS-BR y el cuestionario DYMUS-BR relacionados con la fatiga y la deglución, respectivamente. Resultados: se incluyeron 74 pacientes. Hubo una prevalencia de mujeres (56.8%) y mayores de 60 años (95.9%). La forma más frecuente de Esclerosis Múltiple fue la remisión recurrente (81.1%), el riesgo de disfagia se identificó en 19 pacientes (25.7%) y la presencia de síntomas de fatiga en 32 pacientes (43.2%). Hubo una correlación positiva débil entre los síntomas de fatiga y el riesgo de disfagia (r &lt;0.5). Conclusión: Aunque débil, hubo una correlación positiva entre los síntomas de fatiga y el riesgo de disfagia. Cuanto mayor es el grado de fatiga, mayor es el riesgo de cambios en la deglución. A Esclerose Múltipla é uma doença que afeta o Sistema Nervoso Central, é prevalente em mulheres e tanto sua evolução como a gravidade dos sintomas são variáveis, acometendo de forma diferente cada indivíduo. As manifestações clínicas dependem da localização da lesão e da lesão tecidual e os pacientes podem apresentar uma série de sintomas, dentre eles destacam-se a fadiga e a disfagia. A fadiga na Esclerose Múltipla é de natureza multidimensional e a disfagia é um dos sintomas que pode estar ligado à fadiga. Objetivo: Identificar e correlacionar sintomas de fadiga e risco de disfagia em pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo no qual foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de Esclerose Múltipla atendidos no ambulatório de Neurologia de um Hospital Universitário. Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio da escala MFIS-BR e do questionário DYMUS-BR relacionados à fadiga e deglutição, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 74 pacientes. Houve prevalência do sexo feminino (56,8%) e idade maior que 60 anos (95,9%). A forma da esclerose múltipla mais frequente foi a Remitente-recorrente (81,1%), o risco de disfagia foi identificado em 19 pacientes (25,7%) e a presença de sintomas de fadiga em 32 pacientes (43,2%). Houve correlação positiva fraca entre sintomas de fadiga e risco de disfagia (r &lt;0,5) Conclusão: Embora fraca, houve correlação positiva entre sintomas de fadiga e risco de disfagia. Quanto maior o grau da fadiga, tanto maior pode ser o risco de alterações da deglutição. 

Interplay of membrane crosslinking and curvature induction by annexins

Efficient plasma membrane repair (PMR) is required to repair damage sustained in the cellular life cycle. The annexin family of proteins, involved in PMR, are activated by Ca2+ influx from extracellular media at the site of injury. Mechanistic studies of the annexins have been overwhelmingly performed using a single annexin, despite the recruitment of multiple annexins to membrane damage sites in living cells. Hence, we investigate the effect of the presence of the crosslinking annexins, annexin A1, A2 and A6 (ANXA1, ANXA2 and ANXA6) on the membrane curvature induction of annexin A4 (ANXA4) in model membrane systems. Our data support a mechanistic model of PMR where ANXA4 induced membrane curvature and ANXA6 crosslinking promotes wound closure. The model now can be expanded to include ANXA1 and ANXA2 as specialist free edge membrane crosslinkers that act in concert with ANXA4 induced curvature and ANXA6 crosslinking.</p

Pathways through which water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition interventions reduce antibiotic use in young children: a mediation analysis of a cohort nested within a cluster-randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Low-cost, household-level water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition interventions can reduce pediatric antibiotic use, but the mechanism through which interventions reduce antibiotic use has not been investigated. METHODS: We conducted a causal mediation analysis using data collected between September 2013 and October 2015 from a cohort nested within the WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster-randomized trial (NCT01590095). Among a subsample of children within the WASH, nutrition, nutrition&nbsp;+&nbsp;WASH, and control arms (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;1409 children; 267 clusters), we recorded caregiver-reported antibiotic use at ages 14 and 28 months and collected stool at age 14 months. Our primary outcome was any caregiver-reported antibiotic use by index children within the past 30 or 90 days measured at age 14 and 28 months. Mediators included caregiver-reported child diarrhea, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and fever; and enteric pathogen carriage in stool measured by qPCR. Both intervention-mediator and mediator-outcome models were controlled for mediator-outcome confounders. FINDINGS: The receipt of any WASH or nutrition intervention reduced caregiver-reported antibiotic use through all pathways in the past month by 5.5 percentage points (95% CI 1.2, 9.9), from 49.5% (95% CI 45.9%, 53.0%) in the control group to 45.0% (95% CI 42.7%, 47.2%) in the pooled intervention group. When separating this effect into different pathways, we found that interventions reduced antibiotic use by 0.6 percentage points (95% CI 0.1, 1.3) through reduced diarrhea, 0.7 percentage points (95% CI 0.1, 1.5) through reduced ARI with fever, and 1.5 percentage points (95% CI 0.4, 3.0) through reduced prevalence of enteric viruses. Interventions reduced antibiotic use through any of these measured mediators by 2.1 percentage points (95% CI&nbsp;-0.3, 4.5). INTERPRETATION: WASH and nutrition interventions reduced pediatric antibiotic use through the prevention of enteric and respiratory infections in a rural, low-income population. Given that many of these infections are caused by viruses or parasites, WASH and nutrition interventions may help reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in similar settings. FUNDING: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Intervention effects on dietary intake among children by maternal education level: results of the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS)

Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.cambridge.org: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515000021 / This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at www.cambridge.org: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515000021Dietary intake among Danish children, in general, does not comply with the official recommendations. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the 3-year effect of a multi-component school-based intervention on nutrient intake in children, and to examine whether an intervention effect depended on maternal education level. A total of 307 children (intervention group: n 184; comparison group: n 123) were included in the present study. All had information on dietary intake pre- and post-intervention (mean age 6·8 and 9·5 years for intervention and comparison groups, respectively) assessed by a 7-d food record. Analyses were conducted based on the daily intake of macronutrients (energy percentage (E%)), fatty acids (E%), added sugar (E%) and dietary fibre (g/d and g/MJ). Analyses were stratified by maternal education level into three categories. Changes in nutrient intake were observed in the intervention group, mainly among children of mothers with a short education ( < 10 years). Here, intake of dietary fibre increased (β = 2·1 g/d, 95 % CI 0·5, 3·6, P= 0·01). Intake of protein tended to increase (β = 0·6 E%, 95 % CI − 0·01, 1·2, P= 0·05), while intake of fat (β = − 1·7 E%, 95 % CI − 3·8, 0·3, P= 0·09) and SFA (β = − 0·9, 95 % CI − 2·0, 0·2, P= 0·10) tended to decrease. Also, a significant intervention effect was observed on the intake of SFA among children of mothers with a long education (β = − 0·8, 95 % CI − 1·5, − 0·03, P= 0·04). This multi-component school-based intervention resulted in changes in the dietary intake, particularly among children of mothers with a short education. As the dietary intake of this subgroup generally differs most from the recommendations, the results of the present study are particularly encouraging.Seksjon for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sport Medicin

Vector Competence of the Invasive Mosquito Species Aedes koreicus for Arboviruses and Interference with a Novel Insect Specific Virus

The global spread of invasive mosquito species increases arbovirus infections. In addition to the invasive species Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus has spread within Central Europe. Extensive information on its vector competence is missing. Ae. koreicus from Germany were investigated for their vector competence for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV). Experiments were performed under different climate conditions (27 ± 5 °C; 24 ± 5 °C) for fourteen days. Ae. koreicus had the potential to transmit CHIKV and ZIKV but not WNV. Transmission was exclusively observed at the higher temperature, and transmission efficiency was rather low, at 4.6% (CHIKV) or 4.7% (ZIKV). Using a whole virome analysis, a novel mosquito-associated virus, designated Wiesbaden virus (WBDV), was identified in Ae. koreicus. Linking the WBDV infection status of single specimens to their transmission capability for the arboviruses revealed no influence on ZIKV transmission. In contrast, a coinfection of WBDV and CHIKV likely has a boost effect on CHIKV transmission. Due to its current distribution, the risk of arbovirus transmission by Ae. koreicus in Europe is rather low but might gain importance, especially in regions with higher temperatures. The impact of WBDV on arbovirus transmission should be analyzed in more detail

An RCT of acute health effects in COPD-patients after passive vape exposure from e-cigarettes

Background: E-cigarette use has been shown to have short-term acute effects among active users but less is known of the acute passive effects, particularly among individuals with existing respiratory diseases. Objective: To investigate local and systemic effects of short-term passive vape exposure among patients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In a double-blinded crossover study 16 non-smoking COPD-patients (mean age 68) were randomly exposed for 4 h to passive vape (median PM2.5: 18 mu g/m(3) (range: 8-333)) and clean air (PM2.5 < 6 mu g/m(3)) separated by 14 days. Particles were measured using an ultrafine particle counter (P-TRAK) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Health effects including Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) and albumin in exhaled air, spirometry, FeNO, and plasma proteins were evaluated before, right after, and 24 hours after exposure. Participants reported symptoms throughout exposure sessions. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Results: SP-A in exhaled air was negatively affected by exposure to vape and several plasma proteins increased significantly. Throat irritation was more pronounced during passive vape exposure, while FVC and FEV1 decreased, however, not significantly. Conclusions: SP-A in exhaled air and some plasma proteins were affected by passive vape in patients with COPD indicating inflammation, showing that passive vape exposure is potentially harmful

Vector Competence of Northern European Culex pipiens Biotype pipiens and Culex torrentium to West Nile Virus and Sindbis Virus

The West Nile Virus (WNV) and Sindbis virus (SINV) are avian-hosted mosquito-borne zoonotic viruses that co-circulate in some geographical areas and share vector species such as Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium. These are widespread in Europe, including northern parts and Finland, where SINV is endemic, but WNV is currently not. As WNV is spreading northwards in Europe, we wanted to assess the experimental vector competence of Finnish Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium mosquitoes to WNV and SINV in different temperature profiles. Both mosquito species were found susceptible to both viruses and got infected via infectious blood meal at a mean temperature of 18 °C. WNV-positive saliva was detected at a mean temperature of 24 °C, whereas SINV-positive saliva was detected already at a mean temperature of 18 °C. Cx. torrentium was found to be a more efficient vector for WNV and SINV over Cx. pipiens. Overall, the results were in line with the previous studies performed with more southern vector populations. The current climate does not seem optimal for WNV circulation in Finland, but temporary summertime transmission could occur in the future if all other essential factors are in place. More field data would be needed for monitoring and understanding the northward spreading of WNV in Europe