A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect

There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion

Predicting pathogenicity behavior in Escherichia coli population through a state dependent model and TRS profiling

The Binary State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE) model is a branching process based model that allows the diversification rates to be controlled by a binary trait. We develop a general approach, based on the BiSSE model, for predicting pathogenicity in bacterial populations from microsatellites profiling data. A comprehensive approach for predicting pathogenicity in E. coli populations is proposed using the state-dependent branching process model combined with microsatellites TRS-PCR profiling. Additionally, we have evaluated the possibility of using the BiSSE model for estimating parameters from genetic data. We analyzed a real dataset (from 251 E. coli strains) and confirmed previous biological observations demonstrating a prevalence of some virulence traits in specific bacterial sub-groups. The method may be used to predict pathogenicity of other bacterial taxa.Funding Agencies|IMB PAS as part of the statutory research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation</p

Predicting pathogenicity behavior in <i>Escherichia coli</i> population through a state dependent model and TRS profiling - Fig 5

<p>The transition rates between states–<i>q</i>₀₁, <i>q</i>₁₀ for collection of strains isolated from stool (A) and urine (B). Open bars–non-pathogenic direction (<i>q</i>₁₀); hatched bars–pathogenic direction (<i>q</i>₀₁).</p

Number of VF features and their function in the K and U populations.

<p>K, strains isolated from children with diarrhea; U, strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. (grey zone–VFs underrepresented, not included for prediction).</p

The Probability (<i>P</i>₁) of maintaining the virulence factors in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strains isolated from stool (hatched bars) and urine samples (open bars).

<p>Values above 0,5 (horizontal black line) indicate higher than 50% chance for being maintained.</p