Optoelectronic Switching Network with 2D Optical Fiber Bundle Array I/O Access Device

An optoelectronic switching network with 2-D optical fiber bundle arrays I/O access device is presented in this paper. An optoelectronic recirculating Banyan network based on CMOS/SEED smart pixel device is used in this configuration. Thirty-two X two single-mode fiber bundle array and 32 X 2 multi- mode fiber bundle array are fabricated respectively based on the features of high density, high precision and array permutation of the CMOS/SEED optoelectronic integrated devices. The measuring results show that the center to center spacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is 125 micrometer, and the spacing between adjacent layers is 500 micrometer. Displacing tolerance of the fiber bundle arrays is less than 2 micrometer and the angular tilt error is less than 0.02 degree

New Free-Space Multistage Optical Interconnection Network and its Matrix Theory

A new free-space multistage optical interconnection network which is called the Comega interconnection network is presented. It has the same topological construction for the cascade stages of the Comega interconnection. The concept of the left Comega and the right Comega interconnection networks are given to describe the whole Comega interconnection network. The matrix theory for the Comega interconnection network is presented. The route controlling of the Comega interconnection network is decided based on the matrix analysis. The node switching states in cascade stages of the 8 by 8 Comega interconnection network for the route selection are given. The data communications between arbitrary input channel with arbitrary output channel can be performed easily

Crossover Photonic Switching Network with CMOS/SEED Smart Pixel Device and 2D Optical Fiber Bundle Array

A 16 X 16 Crossover photonic switching network with hybrid integrated CMOS/SEED smart pixel device and 2D optical fiber bundle array I/O access device is reported in this paper. SEEd array devices ar used as light receivers and transmitters, while CMOS devices make efficient logical processing. 4 X 40 2D multilayer optical fiber bundle arrays are fabricated and are used as I/O access devices in the crossover photonic switching network. The center to center spacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is 125micrometers , and the spacing between adjacent layers is 250micrometers . Displacing tolerance of the fiber bundle arrays is less than 4 micrometers and the angular tilt error is less than 0.03 degree. It has the feature of high density, high precision, array permutation and easy to couple with 2D CMOS/SEED smart pixel device

Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), Life and Health

Light has profoundly impacted modern medicine and healthcare, with numerous luminescent agents and imaging techniques currently being used to assess health and treat diseases. As an emerging concept in luminescence, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has shown great potential in biological applications due to its advantages in terms of brightness, biocompatibility, photostability, and positive correlation with concentration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of AIE luminogens applied in imaging of biological structure and dynamic physiological processes, disease diagnosis and treatment, and detection and monitoring of specific analytes, followed by representative works. Discussions on critical issues and perspectives on future directions are also included. This review aims to stimulate the interest of researchers from different fields, including chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, etc., thus promoting the development of AIE in the fields of life and health

Green Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Polymers by Carbon Disulfide-based Spontaneous Multicomponent Polymerization

Sulfur-containing polymers have gained much attention in polymer science due to their unique properties. Nevertheless, their preparation has posed considerable challenges, particularly in diversifying their structures and achieving highly efficient polymerizations. This is especially true for the polymers derived from CS2, a readily available one-carbon (C1) feedstock, as their synthesis often necessitates harsh conditions or results in unexpected byproducts. In this work, we established a regio-selective and atom-economy spontaneous multicomponent polymerization based on carbonyl or ester group-activated internal alkynes, commercially available amines, and CS2. Similar to the angled half lap joint of two plates in a scarf joint of in ancient Chinese tenon and mortise architecture, these internal ethynyl and amino groups can not readily react at room temperature. However, the addition of CS2 acts as a "wedge," making the polymerization spontaneous and enabling the tight linkage and extension of these functional groups into stable polymer chains. The sulfur-containing polymers with satisfactory weight-average molecular weights (up to 31 600) were produced in high yields (up to 97%). The resultant polymers exhibit exceptional characteristics, including high refractive indices (up to 1.7471 at 632.8 nm), excellent light transmittance, and good film-forming capabilities. This work opens up a new avenue for the green and efficient synthesis of functional sulfur-containing polymers, using cost-effective CS2 as starting material

Charge Plan Model for Steelmaking-Continuous Casting Section

Pursuing the intellectualization of a steelmaking plant and developing a charge plan of the steelmaking-continuous casting section are critical in metallurgy engineering. Herein, we aim to develop a charge plan model based on the operation of the steelmaking-continuous casting section to minimize the penalty values of residual materials; of a contract not selected and the penalty values that is caused by the difference in steel grades, the width and the delivery time between slabs in the same charge. We introduce an improved elitist genetic algorithm (IEGA), define the matching chromosome coding and decoding strategies, and suggest improving the selection, crossover, and mutation operators. Finally, we verify the proposed model and algorithm on the production data of a real enterprise. We clarify the applicability of developing a charge plan based on model analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the IEGA through algorithm analysis

Influence of Mn oxides on chemical state and leaching of chromium in EAF slag

In order to study the influences of Mn oxides on Cr in Electronic Arc Furnace (EAF) slag produced in a stainless steelmaking plant. To simulate EAF slags, two synthetic slags (slag A and slag B) were prepared through melting the two groups of reagent-grade compounds, respectively. The phase composition of samples was characterized by means of XRD. In addition, the slags with different particle size and some mixture were leached following Europe standard procedure. There was only one main compound MgCr2O4 found in spinel phase in slag A. While there were two compounds MgCr2O4 and Mn2AlO4 co-existed in spinel phase in slag B, in which Mn and Cr occupy the octahehral sites. For leaching tests, the influence of different factors, such as slag types, slag particles size, mixed manganese oxides, were studied in detail. The leaching result shows that MnO2 melted in slag is the most important factor for improving Cr leaching. But Mn oxides mixed in Mn-free slag have a little influence on Cr leaching.Godkänd; 2013; 20130703 (ysko

Comparison of Energy Consumption and CO₂ Emission for Three Steel Production Routes—Integrated Steel Plant Equipped with Blast Furnace, Oxygen Blast Furnace or COREX

High CO2 emissions and energy consumption have greatly restricted the development of China’s iron and steel industry. Two alternative ironmaking processes, top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace (TGR-OBF) and COREX®, can reduce CO2 emissions and coking coal consumption in the steel industry when compared with a conventional blast furnace (BF). To obtain parameters on the material flow of these processes, two static process models for TGR-OBF and COREX were established. Combining the operating data from the Jingtang steel plant with established static process models, this research presents a detailed analysis of the material flows, metallurgical gas generation and consumption, electricity consumption and generation, comprehensive energy consumption, and CO2 emissions of three integrated steel plants (ISP) equipped with the BF, TGR-OBF, and COREX, respectively. The results indicated that the energy consumption of an ISP with the TGR-OBF was 16% and 16.5% lower than that of a conventional ISP and an ISP with the COREX. Compared with a conventional ISP, the coking coal consumption in an ISP with the TGR-OBF and an ISP with the COREX were reduced by 39.7% and 100% respectively. With the International Energy Agency factor, the ISP with the TGR-OBF had the lowest net CO2 emissions, which were 10.8% and 35.0% lower than that of a conventional ISP and an ISP with the COREX. With the China Grid factor, the conventional ISP had the lowest net CO2 emissions—2.8% and 24.1% lower than that of an ISP with the TGR-OBF and an ISP with the COREX, respectively