A 16 X 16 Crossover photonic switching network with hybrid integrated CMOS/SEED smart pixel device and 2D optical fiber bundle array I/O access device is reported in this paper. SEEd array devices ar used as light receivers and transmitters, while CMOS devices make efficient logical processing. 4 X 40 2D multilayer optical fiber bundle arrays are fabricated and are used as I/O access devices in the crossover photonic switching network. The center to center spacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is 125micrometers , and the spacing between adjacent layers is 250micrometers . Displacing tolerance of the fiber bundle arrays is less than 4 micrometers and the angular tilt error is less than 0.03 degree. It has the feature of high density, high precision, array permutation and easy to couple with 2D CMOS/SEED smart pixel device

Cao, Mingcui

Deng, Cong

Hu, Qiaoyan

Liu, Deming

Luo, Fengguang

Wan, Anjun

Xu, Jun

English

University of Dayton

University of DaytoneCommonsElectro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics11-1999Crossover Photonic Switching Network withCMOS/SEED Smart Pixel Device and 2D OpticalFiber Bundle ArrayFengguang LuoHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyMingcui CaoHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyQiaoyan HuHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyAnjun WanHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyJun XuHuazhong University of Science and TechnologySee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/eop_fac_pubPart of the Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons, and the Optics CommonsThis Conference Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics at eCommons. It has beenaccepted for inclusion in Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information,please contact frice1@udayton.edu, mschlangen1@udayton.edu.eCommons CitationLuo, Fengguang; Cao, Mingcui; Hu, Qiaoyan; Wan, Anjun; Xu, Jun; Deng, Cong; and Liu, Deming, "Crossover Photonic SwitchingNetwork with CMOS/SEED Smart Pixel Device and 2D Optical Fiber Bundle Array" (1999). Electro-Optics and Photonics FacultyPublications. 65.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/eop_fac_pub/65Author(s)Fengguang Luo, Mingcui Cao, Qiaoyan Hu, Anjun Wan, Jun Xu, Cong Deng, and Deming LiuThis conference paper is available at eCommons: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/eop_fac_pub/65Crossover photonic switching network with CMOS/SEED smartpixel device and 2D optical fiber bundle arrayFengguang Luo*a, Mingcui Caoa, Qiaoyan Hu", Anjun Wana, Jun Xua, Cong Denga, Deming LiubaNatioia1 Laboratory of Laser Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074 P. R. ChinabDept ofOptoelectronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,1037 Luo Yu Road, Wuhan 430074 P. R. ChinaABSTRACTA 16X 16 Crossover photonic switching network with hybrid integrated CMOS/SEED smart pixel device and 2D opticalfiber bundle array I/O access device is reported in this paper. SEED array devices are used as light receivers andtransmitters(rnodulators), while CMOS devices make efficient logical processing. 4 X 40 2D inultilayer optical fiber bundlearrays are fabricated and are used as I/O access devices in the crossover photonic switching network. The center to centerspacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is l25urn, and the spacing between adjacentlayers is 250um. Displacing tolerance ofthe fiber bundle arrays is less than 4um and the angular tilt error is less than 0.03degree. It has the feature ofhigh density, high precision, array permutation and easy to couple with 2D CMOS/SEED smartpixel device.Keywords: Photonic switching; Crossover interconnection network; CMOS/SEED smart pixel devices; 2D optical fiberbundle array1. INTRODUCTIONOptical interconnection networks are mainly devided into two kind of interconnection ones. One is single stageinterconnection network, and the other is multistage interconnection network. In one hand, although single stageinterconnection network (such as crossbar network) has the feature ofsimple construction, the numbers ofthe switchingnodes needed in the interconnection network system are much higher.' On the other hand, multistage interconnectionnetwork (such as Omega network, crossover network, banyan network) use less numbers ofthe switching nodes, but theoptical hardwares needed in the whole multistage interconnection network are increased greatly because of differentinterconnection stages. Ifone can find a recirculating method to recalize different interconnection stages of multistageinterconnection network by using a same single stage optical setup, the optical hardwares used in multistage opticalinterconnection network will be reduced greatly. In recent years, Owing to rapid evolution in optoelectronic devices andVLS1 technologies, hybrid integrated smart pixel CMOS/SEED (silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor/self-electro-optic-effect-device) is regarded as one ofthe extremely attractive optoelectronic device for optical communications,optical computing, photonic switching and information processing. It also supplies a possibility to construct multistageoptical interconnection network with single stage circulating setup. In this paper, we propose a kind of optical circulating*Correspondeiice: Email: lrnccao@mail.hust.edu.cn; Telephone: 27 87544096; Fax: +86 27 87544096Partof the SPIE Conference on Design, Fabrication, and Characterization624 of Photonic Devices • Singapore • November—December 1999SPIE Vol. 3896 . 0277-786X/99/$1 0.00Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspximplementation method for the optical crossover switching network with optoelectronic smart pixel devices and 2D opticalfiber bundle array. A 16X 6 crossover recirculating implementation setup has been constructed. SEED array devices areused as light receivers and transmitters(modulators), while CMOS devices make efficient logical processing. In order tocouple with 2D light window array ofthe SEED decive, 4X40 high density multilayer optical fiber bundle array has beenfabricated iii our experiment. This photonic switching network system has the features of high density, small size, simplearchitecture and easy to realize.2. MULTISTAGE CROSSOVER INTERCONNECTION NETWORKThe optical crossover interconnection network is one of the main multistage regular interconnection networks. Schematicdiagrams of the crossover network for N I 6 (where N is the number of input/output channels) are shown in Fig. I . Fourinterconnection stages are needed to construct 16X 16 crossover network. In each stage ofthe crossover network, there area number of switching nodes. Each of them has two possible fan-in and two possible fan-out lines, one corresponds tostraight connection while the other to cross exchange connection. We define the address of the i-th node in layer j as K!,where i = 0, 1, 2 N-i. At the input ofthe network,j 0 whilej I, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, in the subsequent layers.The output ofthe i-th node in layerj is either in straight connection or cross exchange connection, which are denoted as K1and K,() (i 0, I, 2 N -I), respectively. The output channel K, or K,() of the current stage becomes the input channelK, 'of the next stage. The interconnection of the crossover network can be described as follows.In the first interconnection stage,(1=0,1,2, ...,N-1), (1)(i0,l,2, ...,N-l), (2)In the second interconnection stage,KK2 (1=0,1,2, ...,N-1), (3)K' = KJ2, (1< N /2) (4)(KN/,_II (N/2i <N)In the third interconnection stage,ic, =K? (1= 0, 1,2 N-I), (5)K,41_, (1 < N/4)K2.= KN,4, (N/4i<N/2) (6)' (N/2  I <3N/4)KN,4_, (3N/4  I <N)625Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspx626hi the fiiial interconnectioii stage,K.3 = K,4 (I = 0, 1 , 2 • N— I ), (7)K,r= KN/8 (for even 1) (8)KIN/8 (for odd i)M1 M2 M3 M'K0j=O j=1 j=2 j=3 4K0 -- --7_:--- 01 /\\\ :::: • S- -- 12 -- ---—— - -. 23—---- 34 —- 4//_— :: - — 45 — -—56 /2/ -:—2 : — 6Inputs 7 :TIT 7 Outputsp0 p01 1 --— -—---—- — 11i i14 141 5 -.--.------a-- ----..—-------: 15Fig. I . Schematic diagrams ofthe four stage crossover network for N 163. RECiRCULATING IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSSOVER SWITCHING NETWORKIn order to implement optoelectronic recirculating crossover switching network, an optoelectronic switching networkmodule has been constructed which is shown in Fig. 2. It consist ofthree main parts: one is the free-space opticalinterconnnect network path; Second is the optoelectronic hybrid CMOS/SEED smart pixel array device; Third is 2D opticalfiber bundle array I/O access device. The free-space optical interconnect path is composed ofthe polarization beamsplitter(PBS), the quarter waveplate (QWP), the imaging lenses (L), the binary phase grating (BPG), and the pumped quantumwell semiconductor laser diode (PLD). A flip-chip assembled CMOS/SEED smart pixel array is used as the switchingnodes. The SEED array is composed ofa number ofdetectors (receivers) and modulators (transmitters) while the CMOSchip makes efficient logical processing. Input signal light beams are sent into the end of2D input fiber bundle array, thentravels through high-bandwidth free-space crossover interconnection network that is implemented by an optical imagingsystem to form 2D spot array on the windows ofthe receivers ofthe SEED array interface ofOE-VLSI chip. Light beamIrolTi a semiconductor laser diode is first rectified and collimated, then split into 2D spot array by a binary phase gratingsplitter (BPG) which provides the necessary pumped light source for the modulators of the SEED array. After switched bythe CMOS/SEED node array, the output signal beams will be sent into the end of 2D output fiber bundle array toimplement the photonic switching. In order to implement the 16X 16 crossover switching network in a recirculatingDownloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspxPLDOutput fiberInputfiberbundle array : . bundle arrayiiE1 A—1 -• •"-. 1-ir ii AIUAT\ iir••• LIV V L3 •QWP L2/1f1IAVX/ receiver windowi!:1' modulator windowCMOS/SEED smart pixel arrayFig. 2. The crossover optoelectronic switchingnetworkmethod, a switching logic circuit ofthe CMOS/SEED smart pixel node array has been designed which is shown in Fig. 3.For a I 6x I 6 channels crossover network, only the I :5 selector has been used for four stage crossover interconnect network.The input optical signals pass through the free-space optical interconnect network and incident onto the windows of thereceiver array on SEED array chip. The input optical signals are first converted to electrical signals through the O/Econversion function of the receivers of SEED pixel array, the converted signals are then fed into the I :4 selectors of theCMOS logic circuit in a special arrangement. The I :5 selector has five input ports and one output port, so it can choose oneofthe five input signals as the output one in a time. The input signals to the 1:5 selector ofoutput channel 0' come from theinput channels 0, 1 , 3, 7, & I 5 in all four interconnect stages; while those to the I :5 selector of output channel I ' are fromthe input channels 0, 1, 2, 6, & 14. Similarly, in the last output channel, the input signals to the 1:5 selector come from theinput channels 0, 8, 12, 14, & 15. The output electrical signals chosen by the 1:5 selectors are converted to optical signalsagain through the E/O conversion function ofthe modulators ofthe SEED pixel array. They are sent to the output channelsofthe stage. In each recirculating stage ofthe crossover network, only two ofthe five input channels are chosen by each I :5selector to perform straight or cross exchange connection according to the requirement of the correspondinginterconnection. In the first stage, the output channel 0' selects input channel 0 when a straight connection is required.Otherwise, input channel I 5 is chosen. The output channel I 'selects input channel 1 when a straight connection is required.Otherwise, input channel 14 is chosen. Similarly, output channel 15' selects input channel 15 or input channel 0 for straightor exchange connection, respectively. After all the interconnections required in the first stage ofthe crossover network havebeen performed, the output optical signals are fed back to the input channels ofthe recirculating setup. Similar operationsare carried out in the subsequent stages until the fourth one. As a result, the whole multistage crossover interconnectionswitching network can be realized. In order to comparision, a switching logic circuit ofthe CMOS/SEED smart pixel nodearray for the single stage crossbar interconnection network is shown in Fig. 4. The 1 : I 6 selector must be needed for I 6X I 6crossbar interconnect network in this constructure. The numbers of the logic gates in the crossbar switching network is627Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspxmuch larger than the numbers of the logic gates in the crossover switching network. Therefore, the optoelectronicrecirculatring crossover switching network based on the CMOS/SEED smart pixel array device has the advantages over thecrossbar switching network.Selected channels:First stageSecond stageThird stageFourth stage2or133or122or5 3or42orl 3orO2or3 3or2l4orl lSorO14or9 lSor814or1315 or]]4 or ]5]5 or]628Fig. 3. Switching logic circuit of the CMOS/SEED smart pixel node array for the crossover networkInputsOutputsFig. 4. Switching logic circuit ofthe CMOS/SEED smart pixel node array for the crossbar networkOlE (Receivers)InputsE/O(Modulators)Outputs 0' 1' 2' 3' 14' 15'Oor]50 or 70 or 30 or]] or ]41 or 6] or 21 or 0OlE (Receivers)JiLL L1:16 I 1:16 1:161 PSeit cto [electo Selecto LselcE/O --i -—.--- ._-T_(Modulators)0' ]' 2' 3' 14' 15'Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspx4. 4X40 MULTILAYER FIBER BUNDLE ARRAY 110ACCESS DEVICEAs the demands for bandwidth increasing in photonic switching network, large amounts of input data are sent into thephotonic switching network and are incidented to the windows of SEED array, then output modulated data signals afterswitching. As the permutation of light windows of the SEED array is regular. 2D optical fiber arrays are required for I/Oaccess In order to couple with 2D light window array of the SEED decive, on the basis of 2 X 32 optical fiber bundle array,.t X 4() high density multilayer optical fiber bundle array has also been fabricated in our experiment, a novel architectureand assembling technique for two dimensional optical fiber bundle array has been developed. High precision positionalglass box is used for assembling optical fiber bundle array. A set of optical monitoring system is set up tocontrol theprecision in the process of the optical fiber array adjustment. The micrograph of the ends of 4x40 single-mode optical fiberbundle array are shown in Fig.5. The center to center spacing between adjacent fibers in a layer is 12511m, and the spacingbetween two layers is 250tni. In order to examine the precision of the 2D optical fiber bundle array, a computer-aidedCCD image measurement system is used to test the fiber bundle array. The ends of the fiber array are imaged by a CCDimage camera and the picture is shown on the screen of the monitor. The spacing between the optical fibers can bemeasured by shifting the scan line on the screen. Each pixel passed by the scan line has a certain size, so the spacingbetween optical fibers is confirmed according to the number of the pixels passed from the center of the end of one fiber tothe center of the end of the other fiber by the scan line. The measurement results show that the displacement errors in afiber layer and between two fiber layers are both less than 41.im, and the angular tilt is less than 0.03 degree. In ourw.... — —èo44bmr'w**+$**4Fig. 5. Micrograph of the ends of4 X 40 optical fiber bundle arrayFig. 6. Micrograph of 4 X4 light spots from 2D liher bundle array629Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspxexperiment system, only 16 (4X4) data channels are needed. We can only choose 4X4 optical fiber array from 4X40optical fiber bundle array as the I/O access of the CMOS/SEED smart pixel array. The micrograph of 4 X 4 light spots from2D optical fiber bundle array is shown in Fig. 6.5. CONCLUSIONSA I 6 X I 6 optical recirculating implementation of CMOS/SEED optoelectronic integrated crossover switching networkwith 2D optical fiber bundle array is presented in this paper. The CMOS/SEED smart pixel arrays with O/E light windowsare used as logical controlling switch nodes. High-precision 2D optical fiber bundle arrays are used as the I/O accessdevices. 4X40 high density multilayer optical fiber bundle array is fabricated. 16X 16 optical crossover switching networkis constructed using single stage recirculating setup.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors gratefully acknowledge the supports by Chinese 863 High Technology Program, and the Science Research Fundprovided by the Huazhong university ofscience & technology, P. R. China.REFERENCESI . Mingcui Cao, Qiaoyan Hu, Fengguang Luo, Anjun Wan, and Xu Jun, "A new system architecture of photonicswitching model by using an optoelectronic VLSI switching chip," in Optics in Computing'98, Pierre Chavel, DavidA. B. Miller, Hugo Thienpont, Editors, Brugge, Belgium, Proceeding ofSPIE Vol. 3490, pp. 84-90, 1998.2. Mingcui Cao, Fengguang Luo, Hongpu Li, and Shouhu Wang, "Optical perfect- shuffle-exchange interconnectionnetwork using a liquid-crystal spatial light switch," App!. Opt. 32, pp. 6817-6819, 1992.3. J. Jahns and M. J. Murdocca, "Crossover networks and their optical implementation," AppL Opt. 27, pp. 3155-3160,1988.4. T. J. Cloonan, M. J. Herron, F. A. Tooley, G. W. Richards, F. B. McCormick, E. Kerbis, J. L. Brubaker, and A. L.Lentine, "An all-optical implementation of a 3-D crossover switching network," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2(6), pp. 438-440, 1990.5. J. Jahns, "Optical implementation ofthe banyan networks," Opt. Cominun.76, pp. 32 1 -324, 1990.6. A. L. Lentine and D. A. B. Miller, "Evolution ofthe SEED technology: bistable logic gates to optoelectronic smartpixels," IEEE 1 Quantum Electron. QE-29(2), pp. 655-669, 1993.7. F. B. McCormick, T. J. Cloonan, A. L. Lentine, J. M. Sasian, R. L. Morrison, M. G. Beckman, S. L. Walker, M. J.Wojcik, S. J. Hinterlong, R. J. Crisci, R. A. Novotny, and I-I. S. Hinton, "Five-stage free-space optical switchingnetwork with field-effect transistor self-electro-optic-effect-device smart-pixel arrays," App!. Opt. 33(8), pp. 1601-1618, 1994.8. A. V. Krishnamoorthy, A. L. Lentine, K. W. Goossen, J. A. Walker, T. K. Woodward, J. E. Ford, G. F. Aplin, L. A.D'Asaro, S. P.Hui, B. Tseng, R. Leibenguth, D. Kossives, D. Dahringer, L. M. F. Chirovsky, and D. A. B. Miller, "3-Dintegration of MQW modulators over active submicron CMOS circuits: 375 Mb/s transimpedance receiver-transmittercircuit, "iEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 7(11), pp. 1288-1290, 1995.630Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 03/06/2017 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspx

Crossover Photonic Switching Network with CMOS/SEED Smart Pixel Device and 2D Optical Fiber Bundle Array

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Crossover Photonic Switching Network with CMOS/SEED Smart Pixel Device and 2D Optical Fiber Bundle Array

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