Synthesis of PBAT/CNT Bone Scaffold

Bone marrow produces blood cells and supports the immune system in our body but due to some reasons like diseases, injuries, medical treatment damages bone marrow. Traditional bone marrow regeneration methods, like transplantation, face limitations due to donor availability and immune rejection. Researchers are exploring bio scaffolds for functional tissue regeneration. The bio scaffolds are synthesized by using PBAT and CNT at different ratios. PBAT/CNT (0.5%) and PBAT/CNT (5%). This can be done in 4 steps (1) PBAT synthesis (2) g-PBAT synthesis (3) Amine CNT (4) Final Product PBAT/CNT. Characterized was done using FTIR, NMR, mechanical strength, DSC, & SEM. FTIR intensity at1741 shows PBAT grafted to maleic acid and 3498 peak shows NH stretching, NMR explain about the structure. PBAT/CNT 3.5% got high tensile strength. DSC could calculate the melting point. SEM gives images of pore size, PBAT, is a biodegradable polymer through a process of hydrolysis, it is mimicking bone marrow's extracellular matrix, providing support, growth, and promoting biocompatibility. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are incorporated into PBAT offering high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and cell adhesion, making them ideal for tissue engineering applications. Biodegradability of PBAT prevents surgical removal, and the bio scaffold gradually breaks down over time, promotingregenerated tissue development

'Tough'-constructions and their derivation

This article addresses the syntax of the notorious 'tough' (-movement) construction (TC) in English. TCs exhibit a range of apparently contradictory empirical properties suggesting that their derivation involves the application of both A-movement and A'-movement operations. Given that within previous Principles and Parameters models TCs have remained “unexplained and in principle unexplainable” (Holmberg 2000: 839) due to incompatibility with constraints on theta-assignment, locality, and Case, this article argues that the phase-based implementation of the Minimalist program (Chomsky 2000, 2001, 2004) permits a reanalysis of null wh-operators capable of circumventing the previous theoretical difficulties. Essentially, 'tough'-movement consists of A-moving a constituent out of a “complex” null operator which has already undergone A'-movement, a “smuggling” construction in the terms of Collins (2005a,b

The HOXB4 Homeoprotein Promotes the Ex Vivo Enrichment of Functional Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NK Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be induced to differentiate into blood cells using either co-culture with stromal cells or following human embryoid bodies (hEBs) formation. It is now well established that the HOXB4 homeoprotein promotes the expansion of human adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. However, the role of HOXB4 in the development of hematopoietic cells from hESCs and particularly in the generation of hESC-derived NK-progenitor cells remains elusive. Based on the ability of HOXB4 to passively enter hematopoietic cells in a system that comprises a co-culture with the MS-5/SP-HOXB4 stromal cells, we provide evidence that HOXB4 delivery promotes the enrichment of hEB-derived precursors that could differentiate into fully mature and functional NK. These hEB-derived NK cells enriched by HOXB4 were characterized according to their CMH class I receptor expression, their cytotoxic arsenal, their expression of IFNγ and CD107a after stimulation and their lytic activity. Furthermore our study provides new insights into the gene expression profile of hEB-derived cells exposed to HOXB4 and shows the emergence of CD34+CD45RA+ precursors from hEBs indicating the lymphoid specification of hESC-derived hematopoietic precursors. Altogether, our results outline the effects of HOXB4 in combination with stromal cells in the development of NK cells from hESCs and suggest the potential use of HOXB4 protein for NK-cell enrichment from pluripotent stem cells

Monascus-Fermented Dioscorea Enhances Oxidative Stress Resistance via DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans

BACKGROUND: Monascus-fermented products are mentioned in an ancient Chinese pharmacopoeia of medicinal food and herbs. Monascus-fermented products offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been extensively used in East Asia for several centuries. Several biological activities of Monascus-fermented products were recently described, and the extract of Monascus-fermented products showed strong antioxidant activity of scavenging DPPH radicals. To evaluate whether Monascus-fermented dioscorea products have potential as nutritional supplements, Monascus-fermented dioscorea's modulation of oxidative-stress resistance and associated regulatory mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined oxidative stress resistance of the ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea (RMDE) in C. elegans, and found that RMDE-treated wild-type C. elegans showed an increased survival during juglone-induced oxidative stress compared to untreated controls, whereas the antioxidant phenotype was absent from a daf-16 mutant. In addition, the RMDE reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. elegans. Finally, the RMDE affected the subcellular distribution of the FOXO transcription factor, DAF-16, in C. elegans and induced the expression of the sod-3 antioxidative gene. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the RMDE acts as an antioxidative stress agent and thus may have potential as a nutritional supplement. Further studies in C. elegans suggest that the antioxidant effect of RMDE is mediated via regulation of the DAF-16/FOXO-dependent pathway

A model for the anomalous electronic properties in liquid silver chalcogenides Implications from a viscoelastic theory

The electronic conductivity in liquids Ag–S and Ag–Se systems exhibits a maximum and a negative temperature derivative at the stoichiometric composition Ag2S and Ag2Se. In a similar alloy, Cu chalcogenides and other liquid semiconductors, such anomalies have not been observed. In the present paper, a model that explains the origin of the anomaly is presented. It is suggested that the anomalous behavior is controlled by the connection between the second nearest neighbor orbitals. Such connection depends on the electronegativity difference between the constituent elements of the system and is intimately related with the superionic behavior that these materials exhibit in the solid phase

A Study on the Relationship between Nonlinear Optical Constants and the Ionic Conductivity in Glasses

The bond fluctuation model of superionic conductors predicts that the polarizabilityof solids that exhibit high ionic conduction is large. Based on this background, a study on thenonlinear optical constants in superionic glasses has been started. As a first step, therelationship between the third-order susceptibility χ(3) and the linear susceptibility χ(1) ofvarious kinds of glasses has been studied. It is found that the values of χ(3) of superionicconducting glasses exceed considerably the values predicted by the usual Miller rule. Thedeviation arises from the increase of the ionic coordinate dependent electronic polarizability,which plays also an important role in the ion transport processes

Bond Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuations and the Fragility of Some Ion Conducting Oxide and Chalcogenide Glass Forming Liquids

The concept of fragility has been used widely to characterize the temperature dependence of the viscosity of glass forming liquids. According to a model proposed by one of the authors, the fragility is determined by the relaxation of structural units that form the melt, and is described in terms of the bond strength, coordination number and their fluctuations. In the present contribution, the model is applied to investigate the temperature dependence of the viscosity of some ion conducting oxide and chalcogenide glass forming liquids. From the analysis of the model, physical quantities, such as the number of bonds that must be broken to observe the viscous flow is obtained. The analysis suggests also that good ionic conductors have an intermediate value of fragility