Review: - Phasor Measurement Unit in Smart Grid for Minimum Elapsed Time

The latest technology sensors are ployed in a small grid with a two way mode for communication & also to access the data to mutate it to a self heating grid which is dynamic in nature, optimizes the transference intelligent & distributing. The need of sensitive grids are response & identification in real time. In order to compute occurrences like stability of system, throughput of an equipment, demand, response & outages by making use of intellectual communication, open standards & constituted in IP systems are required by a smart grid. Synchrophasor measurement technology is accurate and real-time monitoring with high resolution of actual system conditions in wide area . The proposed idea has been verified for matlab software is comprised of procured speed, time, observabance of buses in overall system for placement in optimization of Phasor Measurement unit abbreviated as PMU

Genomic DNA extraction from sapwood of Pinus roxburghii for polymerase chain reaction studies

A method for extraction of genomic DNA from sapwood tissues of mature tall trees of Pinus roxburghii, where collection of needle tissues is extremely difficult has been standardized. The extracted DNA was comparable to that obtained from the needle tissue in terms of yield and purity. The yield of extracted DNA ranged from 6.98 to 19.668 μg / 100 mg tissue and A260 / A280 ratio ranged from 1.70 to 1.87. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the DNA extracted from sapwood tissue using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was similar to that of DNA extracted from the needle tissues.Keywords: Pinus roxburghii, DNA extraction, sapwood, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), simple sequence repeat (SSR)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(15), pp. 1732-173

Sustainable traditional dyeing of wool by Bhotia tribe in Himalayan region: A case study

Bhotia tribe is one of the community residing in the high Himalayan region of Uttarakhand state that shares the border with Tibet. The tribe is divided into five sub-groups viz., the Jadhs ,  Marchas, Tolchas ,  Shaukas and Rung. The present study was conducted in the five villages namely Lata and Chinka from Chamoli, Darkot and Baluwakot from Pithoragarh and Dunda from Uttarkashi of Uttarakhand for exploring the information from different sub-groups of Bhotia tribe about plants used by them for extracting dyes and used for traditional textile coloration in past and during present time. The rich flora of Himalayan region in Uttarakhand has been abode to varieties of plant species. The wild plant species were used by the Bhotia tribals for dyeing their woolen products. These plant dyes were obtained from jangli palak (Rumex nepalensis), bagmaru (Eupatorium), kilmora (Berberis asiatica), akhrot (Juglans regia), dholu (Rheum aystrale), tea leaves, tantri (Rheum moorcroftianum), kaphal (Myrica esculenta), darim (Punica grantum), burans (Rhodendron araborium) and harda (Terminlia chebula). Today only Shauka and Jadh tribals are using natural dyes for dyeing woolen yarn. Reasons for the reduction in usage of natural dyes among Bhotia tribals were the extinction of plant species, change in land use, natural disasters, government restriction on plucking certain plant species, the availability of synthetic dyes and colored yarns at low cost in the market. The identification of factors that led to the non-practice of sustainable dying practice among tribals for woolen craft will help in planning and conducting interventions through public, private and government organizations

Diet composition of freshwater crab, Potamon koolooense Rathbun, 1904 from hillstream of Uttarakhand

The present study was carried out to study the diet composition of freshwater crab, P. koolooense in hillstream Khoh of Uttarakhand during November, 2013 to October, 2014. Total 105 crab samples were used for the study, 35 male and 47 female were found with food in their stomach while rest of the 23 had empty stomachs. The carapace length (CL) ranged from 12mm to 49mm, carapace width (CW) from 15mm to 59mm and total weight (TW) from 2.08g to 60.12g. Stomach content analysis of the animal showed that the diet of the animal composed of animal matter, plant matter, algae, fungi, debris and unidentified materials. Animal matter ranged from (3.27-11.93%), plant matter (4.37-14.44%), algae (1.73-6.15%), fungi (0.17-1.43%), debris (28.18-40.47%) and unidentified materials (36.46-50.05%) in males while in the female animal matter ranged from (3.09-12.34%), plant matter (4.45-12.73%), algae (1.03-7.61%), fungi (0.02-3.34%), debris (23.18-43.34%) and unidentified (30.31-51.04%). Unidentified materials recorded maximum and fungi recorded minimum in both the sexes of Potamon koolooense. A significant difference was observed at p<0.05 between food groups- algae and unidentified matter in both sexes. This is the first report, to key out and quantifies the dietary items and feeding habits of crab in Uttarakhand which would be helpful in interpreting the ecological niche of the animal in mountain stream communities

Unmasking communication challenges with personal protective equipment amid the COVID-19 apocalypse

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed our lives and health care system too. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), there have been 164,523,894 confirmed cases of COVID-19 including 3,412,032 deaths in the world (20 May 2021). This unprecedented public health emergency has affected both patients and clinicians experience regarding traditional face-to-face consultations. Amongst the most pressing of these challenges is the requirement to wear mandated personal protective equipment (PPE) which includes gloves, gowns, shoe covers, head covers, masks, respirators, eye protection, face shields, and goggles. These protective gear helps in preventing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus to both health professionals and the patients

Scar endometriosis-rare and painful entity: a case report

Scar endometriosis is a rare type of extra-pelvic endometriosis that develops following obstetrical and gynecological surgeries. It is a rare entity, though probably on the rise, due to the increase in caesarean sections performed worldwide. This manuscript reports a rare case of scar endometriosis involving rectus sheath following repeat caesarean section and was managed at a tertiary level centre. The patient required surgical excision of the lesion and was kept on regular follow-up following surgery. The physiopathology of scar endometriosis is complex; its symptomatology is rich and diverse but detailed history, thorough clinical examination along with imaging and histopathological evaluation is usually efficient in diagnosing the condition

A miraculous pregnancy following a myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting: a case report and review of literature

Cardiovascular disease is estimated to occur in 0.4-4.1% of pregnant women, whereas coronary heart disease complicates only 0.01% of all pregnancies. In recent times, MI has been observed to occur more frequently in young women. This might be attributed to the fact that women are deciding to become pregnant at advanced age. In such high-risk cases, proper pre-pregnancy, antenatal, intrapartum and post-partum care should be taken. Pregnant women with heart disease should be managed by a multidisciplinary team approach comprising of obstetricians, intensivists, cardiologists and neonatologists. Here, a case of pregnant woman with past history of MI; treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is presented and the management is highlighted

Association between sleep quality and habits of electronic media use among young adults with different circadian typology

Background: Circadian preference refers to individual differences for mental and physical activity in the morning and evening. We hypothesized, that inadvertent use of electronic media can cause circadian misalignment that influences sleeping habits and sleep quality of young adults. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of circadian preferences on sleeping habits and the association of electronic media use with sleep quality and sleep disturbances. Materials and Methods: A total of 188 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: Evening, intermediate, and morning chronotype based on the Morningness-Eveningness score. Electronic media use at bedtime and duration of use were assessed subjectively. Sleep quality and subjective sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Score, and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire Self-assessment version, respectively. Results: The majority of subjects with the evening chronotypes suffered from poor sleep quality compared to other chronotypes and the difference was statistically significant. In evening-type subjects, electronic media use at bedtime, long sleep latency, short sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness were significantly associated with poor sleep quality with odds ratios of 2.34 (1.08–5.08), 11.42 (4.98–26.19), 8.54 (1.01–68.24), and 1.68 (1.03–2.73), respectively. Conclusion: The majority of evening-type subjects had poor sleep quality, altered sleeping habits, and electronic media use at bedtime is significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Hence, history regarding sleep habits and lifestyle, especially electronic media use, should be taken from young adults, who are coming to the outpatient department for other than sleep disorders, to prevent the development of health-related problems

Advanced Control Techniques for High-Power Power Converters

This paper offers a comprehensive review of the advancements in the domain of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers for Green Hydrogen Production. The review encompasses the exploration of various advanced control methods that have emerged as alternatives to traditional cascaded linear controllers, specifically for power converters in distributed generation systems and microgrids. The significance and functionalities of voltage source converters (VSCs) in these systems are elucidated, followed by a discussion on the dynamic performance limitations of linear controllers. The paper delves into the most notable advanced control methods, shedding light on their implementation principles, merits, and demerits. Furthermore, the paper touches upon the application of modelling methods apt for control and simulation of power electronic systems, emphasizing the benefits of non-linear modelling for controller design. The review also covers the state-of-the-art integrated switchedcapacitor and inductive power converters, providing insights into the utilization of transistor technology and various control strategies. By drawing comparisons and categorizing different converter technologies, the paper aims to present a holistic view of the current landscape and potential future directions in the realm of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Green Hydrogen Production

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.