L'avenir de l'Organisation Commune de Marché des fruits et légumes: existe t-il un consentement entre les spécialistes?

[EN] The aim of this article was to identify the main factors that favour and limit the strengthening of producer organizations (POs) in the fruit and vegetables sector, as well as farmers’ adherence to these organizations and the future prospects with a view to the objectives set by the Common Market Organization (CMO) for 2013. The study was based on a Delphi-type questionnaire, applied in two rounds between April and July 2009. The most important results indicated the limited scope of the policies adopted under the CMO in fruit and vegetables and the weakness of the Fruit and Vegetables POs as regards the supply concentration (i.e. the volume traded through these organizations), a prerequisite to increase their bargaining power within the value chain. the single payment scheme, the operational funds and the crisis management funds will still be implemented beyond 2013 as a tool to support this sector.[FR] L’objectif de cet article était d’identifier les facteurs qui favorisent et ceux qui limitent la consolidation des organisations de producteurs (OPs) dans le secteur des fruits et légumes, ainsi que l’adhésion des agriculteurs à ce type d’organisation et les perspectives du secteur par rapport aux objectifs fixés par l’Organisation Commune des Marchés (OCM) fruits et légumes (FL) pour l’année 2013. L’enquête a été basée sur un questionnaire type Delphi, avec un sondage en deux tours, entre avril et juillet 2009. Les résultats les plus significatifs ont indiqué une réalisation partielle des politiques adoptées dans le cadre de l’OCM fruits et légumes et une action peu efficace des organisations de producteurs de fruits et légumes (OPFL) en ce qui concerne la concentration de l’offre (le volume commercialisé à travers ces entités), condition né- cessaire pour le renforcement du pouvoir de négociation de la filière. On s’attend à ce qu’il y ait continuité dans l’application du système de paiement unique au-delà de 2013, des fonds opérationnels et des fonds de gestion de crise comme instruments de transformation des aides au secteurOuabouch, H.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Anido Rivas, JD. (2011). L'avenir de l'Organisation Commune de Marché des fruits et légumes: existe t-il un consentement entre les spécialistes?. New Medit: A Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment. 10(1):2-12. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67443S21210

Ectasia vascular gástrica antral. Tratamiento endoscópico con argón plasma coagulación. (APC)

La Ectasia Vascular Gástrica Antral es una rara causa desangrado digestivo alto y la ablación con argón plasma resulta la primera línea de tratamiento actual. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la efectividad y seguridad del APC en el tratamiento de este síndrome, en pacientes atendidos en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso. Se presenta una casuística retrospectiva de 11 pacientes, con predominio femenino (8 pacientes) y rango de edades entre 28 y 81 años, quienes recibieron ablación con APC por sesiones, con seguimiento posterior de 12 meses. Predominó la cirrosis hepática entre losantecedentes patológicos personales, la anemia como forma de presentación clínica y la variedad difusa. El número de sesiones de argón osciló entre 1 y 4 con promedio de 2.5, con una recidiva durante el seguimiento y no se presentaron complicaciones mayores secundarias a la terapia endoscópica.Palabras clave: Ectasia vascular, síndromegave, ablación con APC</p

A logistic model for the detection of circulating tumour cells in human metastatic colorectal cancer

The accuracy in the diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) represents one of the challenges in the clinical management of patients. The detection of circulating tumour cells (CTC) is becoming a promising alternative to current detection techniques, as it focuses on one of the players of the metastatic disease and it should provide with more specific and sensitive detection rates. Here, we describe an improved method of detection of CTC from mCRC patients by combining immune-enrichment, optimal purification of RNA from very low cell numbers, and the selection of accurate PCR probes. As a result, we obtained a logistic model that combines GAPDH and VIL1 normalized to CD45 rendering powerful results in the detection of CTC from mCRC patients (AUROC value 0.8599). We further demonstrated the utility of this model at the clinical setting, as a reliable prognosis tool to determine progression-free survival in mCRC patients. Overall, we developed a strategy that ameliorates the specificity and sensitivity in the detection of CTC, resulting in a robust and promising logistic model for the clinical management of metastatic colorectal cancer patients.Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Beca número: CP08/00142Programa Comisión Europea Fondo Europeo de Desarollo Regional (FEDER

Usefulness of bone turnover markers as predictors of mortality risk, disease progression and skeletal-related events appearance in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases following treatment with zoledronic acid: TUGAMO study

Owing to the limited validity of clinical data on the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and bone metastases, biochemical markers are a promising tool for predicting survival, disease progression and skeletal-related events (SREs) in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of biochemical markers of bone turnover for mortality risk, disease progression and SREs in patients with PCa and bone metastases undergoing treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA). Methods: This was an observational, prospective and multicenter study in which ninety-eight patients were included. Patients were treated with ZA (4mg every 4 weeks for 18 months). Data were collected at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months after the beginning of treatment. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphtase (BALP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (P1NP) and beta-isomer of carboxiterminal telopeptide of collagen I (b-CTX) were analysed at all points in the study. Data on disease progression, SREs development and survival were recorded. Results: Cox regression models with clinical data and bone markers showed that the levels of the three markers studied were predictive of survival time, with b-CTX being especially powerful, in which a lack of normalisation in visit 1 (3 months after the beginning of treatment) showed a 6.3-times more risk for death than in normalised patients. Levels of these markers were also predictive for SREs, although in this case BALP and P1NP proved to be better predictors. We did not find any relationship between bone markers and disease progression. Conclusion: In patients with PCa and bone metastases treated with ZA, b-CTX and P1NP can be considered suitable predictors for mortality risk, while BALP and P1NP are appropriate for SREs. The levels of these biomarkers 3 months after the beginning of treatment are especially importantThis study was supported by Novartis Oncology Spai

Niraparib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA repair gene defects (GALAHAD): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial

Background Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers are enriched for DNA repair gene defects (DRDs) that can be susceptible to synthetic lethality through inhibition of PARP proteins. We evaluated the anti-tumour activity and safety of the PARP inhibitor niraparib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers and DRDs who progressed on previous treatment with an androgen signalling inhibitor and a taxane. Methods In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study, patients aged at least 18 years with histologically confirmed metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mixed histology accepted, with the exception of the small cell pure phenotype) and DRDs (assessed in blood, tumour tissue, or saliva), with progression on a previous next-generation androgen signalling inhibitor and a taxane per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 or Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2, were eligible. Enrolled patients received niraparib 300 mg orally once daily until treatment discontinuation, death, or study termination. For the final study analysis, all patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in the safety analysis population; patients with germline pathogenic or somatic biallelic pathogenic alterations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA cohort) or biallelic alterations in other prespecified DRDs (non-BRCA cohort) were included in the efficacy analysis population. The primary endpoint was objective response rate in patients with BRCA alterations and measurable disease (measurable BRCA cohort). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02854436. Findings Between Sept 28, 2016, and June 26, 2020, 289 patients were enrolled, of whom 182 (63%) had received three or more systemic therapies for prostate cancer. 223 (77%) of 289 patients were included in the overall efficacy analysis population, which included BRCA (n=142) and non-BRCA (n=81) cohorts. At final analysis, with a median follow-up of 10·0 months (IQR 6·6–13·3), the objective response rate in the measurable BRCA cohort (n=76) was 34·2% (95% CI 23·7–46·0). In the safety analysis population, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events of any grade were nausea (169 [58%] of 289), anaemia (156 [54%]), and vomiting (111 [38%]); the most common grade 3 or worse events were haematological (anaemia in 95 [33%] of 289; thrombocytopenia in 47 [16%]; and neutropenia in 28 [10%]). Of 134 (46%) of 289 patients with at least one serious treatment-emergent adverse event, the most common were also haematological (thrombocytopenia in 17 [6%] and anaemia in 13 [4%]). Two adverse events with fatal outcome (one patient with urosepsis in the BRCA cohort and one patient with sepsis in the non-BRCA cohort) were deemed possibly related to niraparib treatment. Interpretation Niraparib is tolerable and shows anti-tumour activity in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DRDs, particularly in those with BRCA alterations

A pesquisa na formação profissional para o desenvolvimento territorial. Analise e proposta de uma nova estrutura curricular para Unesur (Venezuela).

Universities, in addition to training competent professionals, should also guarantee a socially relevant knowledge. Based on this premise, main objectives of this study were: i) to analyze the structure of the current university curriculum of the Farming Business Administration undergraduate program at the Unesur; and, ii) to propose key competences for a new curricular structure, based on research as the fundamental axis for producing scientific knowledge and oriented to the agro-food professional training as the basis to achieve territorial development. Epistemologically, it was hinged on the Variability of Scientific Research model. Main findings underline the importance of the cognitive dimension to articulate social, political, economic, environmental, cultural and physical dimensions in a proposal oriented towards the materialization of territorial development.Las universidades, además de formar profesionales competentes, deben garantizar un sistema de conocimiento socialmente pertinente. Bajo esta premisa, este estudio –fundamentado epistemológicamente en el Modelo de Variabilidad de la Investigación Científica– tuvo por objetivos: i) analizar la estructura actual del currículo universitario del Programa Formación de Grado en Administración de Empresas Agropecuarias impartido en Unesur; y, ii) proponer las competencias clave para una nueva estructura curricular, basada en la investigación como eje fundamental de producción de conocimiento científico y orientada a la formación profesional agroalimentaria como base del desarrollo territorial. Los principales hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la dimensión cognitiva para articular las dimensiones social, política, económica, ambiental, cultural y física en una propuesta para materializar el desarrollo territorial.As universidades, além da formação de profissionais competentes, devem também garantir um conhecimento socialmente relevante. Com base nessa premissa, os objetivos deste estudo foram: i) analisar a estrutura atual do currículo universitário do programa de formação no curso de Administração de Empresas Agropecuárias da Unesur; e, ii) propor as competências chaves para uma nova estrutura curricular, baseada na pesquisa como o eixo fundamental de produção de conhecimento científico e orientada para a formação profissional agroalimentar como base para o desenvolvimento territorial. Epistemologicamente baseou-se no Modelo de Variação da Investigação Científica. As principais conclusões são no sentido de destacar a importância da dimensão cognitiva para articular as dimensões restantes (social, política, econômica, ambiental, cultural e física) para materializar o desenvolvimento territorial

Le secteur Espagnol de fruits et légumes et la politique agricole commune: actualité et perspectives dans le cadre de l’organisation commune de marchés

El sector de frutas y hortalizas es uno de los más importantes tanto en la agricultura europea como en la española. Actualmente está en vigor la Organización Común de Mercados (OCM), instrumento fundamental de regulación de los mercados agrarios y que constituye el primer pilar de la Política Agraria Común. La más reciente reforma de la OCM -ocurrida en 2007- persigue mejorar la competitividad y la orientación al mercado del sector, así como promover el consumo, reforzar la protección medioambiental, incorporar la gestión de crisis y reducir la carga administrativa. Su adopción permitirá -en última instancia- aumentar la concentración de la oferta, lo que teóricamente se traduciría en mayor poder de negociación y, consecuentemente, en mejores precios e ingresos percibidos por este eslabón de la cadena de valor. En este escenario, a partir de fuentes secundarias de información y de una encuesta Delphi, el presente estudio tiene por objetivos: i) identificar algunos rasgos distintivos del mercado de frutas y hortalizas frescas, tanto a nivel mundial como de la Unión Europea; ii) describir el marco legal y normativo que regula el funcionamiento del sector, especialmente su OCM, las Organizaciones de Productores (OP) y los programas operativos; iii) identificar los factores o puntos críticos que dentro de cadena de valor hortofrutícola afectan el desempeño de tales Organizaciones y su competitividad en el mercado; y iv) identificar algunas propuestas que permitan a las OPs hortofrutícolas avanzar hacia la consecución de los objetivos originales de la OCM, especialmente en cuanto a concentración de la oferta, mejora de la calidad, promoción del consumo y defensa del medio [email protected]@[email protected][email protected] sector of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important sectors both in the European agriculture and in the Spanish one. Nowadays there is in effect the Common Organization of Markets (OCM), fundamental instrument of regulation of the agrarian markets and that constitutes the first pillar of the Agrarian Common Politics. The most recent reform of the OCM - happened in 2006-chases to improve the competitiveness and the orientation to the market of the sector, as well as to promote the consumption, to reinforce the environmental protection, to incorporate the management of crisis and to reduce the administrative load. His adoption will allow - ultimately - to increase the concentration of the supply, which theoretically would be translated in major power of negotiation and, consistently, in better prices and income perceived by this actor of the value chain. In this scene, from secondary sources of information and a survey Delphi, the present study has four aims: i) to characterize the current situation of the world market and European Union one of fresh fruits and vegetables; ii) to describe the legal and normative frame that regulates the functioning of the sector, specially his OCM, the Producers’ Organizations (OPs) and the operative programs; Iii) to identify the factors or critical points that inside horticultural value chain they affect the performance of these Organizations and his competitiveness on the market; and iv) to identify some proposals that allow to the horticultural OP to advance towards the attainment of the original aims of the OCM, specially as for concentration of the offer, improvement of the quality, promotion of the consumption and environmental protection.Le secteur des fruits et légumes est l’un des secteurs les plus importants dans l’agriculture européenne ainsi que l’Espagnole. Actuellement l’Organisation Commune de Marchés (OCM) est entrée en vigueur, l’instrument fondamental de régulation des marchés agricoles et qui constitue le premier pilier de la Politique Agricole Commune. La réforme la plus récente de l’OCM -faite en 2006- vise l´amélioration de la compétitivité et l’orientation vers le marché du secteur, ainsi que de promouvoir la consommation, renforcer la protection environnementale, incorporer la gestion des crises et réduire la charge administrative. Son adoption permettra - dans une dernière instance - d’augmenter la concentration de l’offre, chose que va théoriquement se traduire par un fort pouvoir de négociation et, par conséquence meilleurs prix et revenus perçues par cet acteur de la filière. Dans ce scénario, d‘après des sources secondaires d’information et une enquête type Delphi, cette étude a deux objectifs: i) caractériser la situation actuelle du marché mondial et de l’Union Européenne de fruits et légumes frais; ii) décrire le cadre légal et normatif qui régularise le fonctionnement du secteur, surtout son OCM, les organisations de producteurs (OPs) et les programmes opérationnels ;iii) identifier les facteurs ou les points critiques qui à l’intérieur de la filière des fruits et légumes affectent la performance de ces Organisations et leurs compétitivité sur le marché; et iv) identifier quelques propositions qui permettent aux OPs d’avancer vers la réalisation des objectifs originaux de l’OCM, spécialement en ce qui concerne la concentration de l’offre, l´améliorations de la qualité, la promotion de la consommation et la protection de l’environnement

El sector de frutas y hortalizas español y la política agraria común: actualidad y perspectivas en el marco de la organización común de mercados

The sector of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important sectors both in the European agriculture and in the Spanish one. Nowadays there is in effect the Common Organization of Markets (OCM), fundamental instrument of regulation of the agrarian markets and that constitutes the first pillar of the Agrarian Common Politics. The most recent reform of the OCM - happened in 2006-chases to improve the competitiveness and the orientation to the market of the sector, as well as to promote the consumption, to reinforce the environmental protection, to incorporate the management of crisis and to reduce the administrative load. His adoption will allow - ultimately - to increase the concentration of the supply, which theoretically would be translated in major power of negotiation and, consistently, in better prices and income perceived by this actor of the value chain. In this scene, from secondary sources of information and a survey Delphi, the present study has four aims: i) to characterize the current situation of the world market and European Union one of fresh fruits and vegetables; ii) to describe the legal and normative frame that regulates the functioning of the sector, specially his OCM, the Producers' Organizations (OPs) and the operative programs; Iii) to identify the factors or critical points that inside horticultural value chain they affect the performance of these Organizations and his competitiveness on the market; and iv) to identify some proposals that allow to the horticultural OP to advance towards the attainment of the original aims of the OCM, specially as for concentration of the offer, improvement of the quality, promotion of the consumption and environmental protection.Le secteur des fruits et légumes est l'un des secteurs les plus importants dans l'agriculture européenne ainsi que l'Espagnole. Actuellement l'Organisation Commune de Marchés (OCM) est entrée en vigueur, l'instrument fondamental de régulation des marchés agricoles et qui constitue le premier pilier de la Politique Agricole Commune. La réforme la plus récente de l'OCM -faite en 2006- vise l'amélioration de la compétitivité et l'orientation vers le marché du secteur, ainsi que de promouvoir la consommation, renforcer la protection environnementale, incorporer la gestion des crises et réduire la charge administrative. Son adoption permettra - dans une dernière instance - d'augmenter la concentration de l'offre, chose que va théoriquement se traduire par un fort pouvoir de négociation et, par conséquence meilleurs prix et revenus perçues par cet acteur de la filière. Dans ce scénario, d'après des sources secondaires d'information et une enquête type Delphi, cette étude a deux objectifs: i) caractériser la situation actuelle du marché mondial et de l'Union Européenne de fruits et légumes frais; ii) décrire le cadre légal et normatif qui régularise le fonctionnement du secteur, surtout son OCM, les organisations de producteurs (OPs) et les programmes opérationnels ;iii) identifier les facteurs ou les points critiques qui à l'intérieur de la filière des fruits et légumes affectent la performance de ces Organisations et leurs compétitivité sur le marché; et iv) identifier quelques propositions qui permettent aux OPs d'avancer vers la réalisation des objectifs originaux de l'OCM, spécialement en ce qui concerne la concentration de l'offre, l'améliorations de la qualité, la promotion de la consommation et la protection de l'environnement.El sector de frutas y hortalizas es uno de los más importantes tanto en la agricultura europea como en la española. Actualmente está en vigor la Organización Común de Mercados (OCM), instrumento fundamental de regulación de los mercados agrarios y que constituye el primer pilar de la Política Agraria Común. La más reciente reforma de la OCM -ocurrida en 2007- persigue mejorar la competitividad y la orientación al mercado del sector, así como promover el consumo, reforzar la protección medioambiental, incorporar la gestión de crisis y reducir la carga administrativa. Su adopción permitirá -en última instancia- aumentar la concentración de la oferta, lo que teóricamente se traduciría en mayor poder de negociación y, consecuentemente, en mejores precios e ingresos percibidos por este eslabón de la cadena de valor. En este escenario, a partir de fuentes secundarias de información y de una encuesta Delphi, el presente estudio tiene por objetivos: i) identificar algunos rasgos distintivos del mercado de frutas y hortalizas frescas, tanto a nivel mundial como de la Unión Europea; ii) describir el marco legal y normativo que regula el funcionamiento del sector, especialmente su OCM, las Organizaciones de Productores (OP) y los programas operativos; iii) identificar los factores o puntos críticos que dentro de cadena de valor hortofrutícola afectan el desempeño de tales Organizaciones y su competitividad en el mercado; y iv) identificar algunas propuestas que permitan a las OPs hortofrutícolas avanzar hacia la consecución de los objetivos originales de la OCM, especialmente en cuanto a concentración de la oferta, mejora de la calidad, promoción del consumo y defensa del medio ambiente

Súbete al tren

Las dificultades y particularidades de la escolarización y el aprendizaje de los hijos de los inmigrantes que llegan a ciertos institutos extremeños, ha hecho que el profesorado reaccione elaborando materiales y métodos que faciliten su tarea. En esta comunicación se presenta la labor realizada por el grupo Talein, cuyos objetivos iniciales eran, elaborar actividades para las áreas de Lengua española e inglesa destinados al colectivo de inmigrantes e integrar a estos alumnos en el nuevo entorno sociocultural en el que se encuentran al llegar a España.ExtremaduraES

Identification of an ideal test environment for asparagus evaluation by GGE-biplot analysis

Abstract Asparagus is a perennial crop which remains in production for at least 10 years. Therefore, the appropriate election of cultivars is crucial for asparagus growers. The aim of this work was to determine which environment is most desirable for enhancing asparagus clonal hybrids selection. Thirty four asparagus clonal hybrids and two testers were planted in a complete randomized block design. Total yield was evaluated for each hybrid in four environments conformed by combinations between age of culture and type of production. Data were subjected to an ANOVA and broad sense heritability was calculated for each environment. GGE biplot methodology was also used. The second productive season (for blanched and green production) was the best test environment and the most powerful to discriminate genotypes. Selection in this productive season would reduce time and costs in asparagus cultivars evaluation